PATRIMONIALISM IN MODERNISATION: A COMPARATIVE ESSAY TO INTERPRET RUSSIAN AND TURKISH POLITICAL CULTURES

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 1, 125 - 154, 26.06.2019

Halil Kanadıkırık

Öz

The concept of patrimonialism, improved for describing the legitimate political authorities of pre-modern societies, has recently begun to attract top social science scholars with its appearances in modern societies. In this article the political cultures of Russia and Turkey which have similarities relating to history, geography and political behaviors are analysed within the scope of patrimonialism as well. Both political structures that have been world-systems-in-themselves in history, have also transferred the patrimonial culture of their imperial past to modern state-building. Even in the radicalization phases of modernization in both states’ histories, patrimonialism has manifested itself in the behaviour of political elites and the popular acceptance of them. It would be useful to consider patrimonialism as a dominant factor in approaching the actual problems like democratization in such political cultures.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Legitimacy, Modernization, Patrimonialism, Political Authority, Political Culture

MODERNLEŞMEDE PATRİMONYALİZM: RUS VE TÜRK POLİTİK KÜLTÜRLERİNİ AÇIKLAMAK İÇİN KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR DENEME

Öz

Modernite-öncesi toplumlarının meşru politik otoritelerini tanımlamak için geliştirilmiş olan Patrimonyalizm kavramı, modern toplumlardaki görünümleri nedeniyle son zamanlarda önde gelen sosyal bilimcilerin dikkatini çekmeye başlamıştır. Bu makalede de Rusya ve Türkiye gibi tarih, coğrafya ve politik davranışlara ilişkin benzerliklere sahip iki ülkenin modern politik kültürü patrimonyalizm çerçevesinde çözümlenmeye çalışılmaktadır. Tarihte kendi içinde birer dünya-sistemi olmuş bu iki politik yapı, imparatorluk geçmişlerinin patrimonyal kültürünü modern devlet inşasına da taşımışlardır. Her iki devletin tarihinde modernleşmenin radikalleştiği evrelerde dahi patrimonyalizm, politik seçkinlerin davranışlarında ve bunlara yönelik toplumsal kabulde kendini göstermektedir. Bu tarz politik kültürlerde, demokratikleşme gibi güncel sorunlara yaklaşımda patrimonyalizmin başat bir etken olarak dikkate alınması yararlı olacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Meşruiyet, Modernleşme, Patrimonyalizm, Politik Otorite, Siyasal Kültür

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