MARGINALIZED MIGRATION, TRENDS AND POLICIES

Yıl 2007, Sayı: 53, 331 - 357, 27.01.2011

Ayhan Gençler Sudi Apak

Öz

Migration is a social phenomenon which was observed throughout history
with changing characteristics over time, and which will continue to exist in the future. When the history and sustainability of this social fact are taken
into consideration, it is obvious that migration is inherent in human nature.
The continuous quests of human beings for better living conditions together
with the desire to escape from political and social conflicts constitute the
elements that trigger migration. Even though migration was constant
throughout history, today it is one of the most important items on the
international agenda. Therefore, the attempts to solve this social issue have
never been so intense before. National states or international organizations
try to solve the migration problem through regulations and restrictions that
are put into effect within the framework of their sovereignty and policies. On
the other hand, the person who intends to migrate opts to achieve his goal
through informal channels, which will lead migration to marginalize. As a
response to this, governments try to be more effective in the face of this
problem. For these reasons, migration phenomenon continues to take the
priority on the agendas. In this study, the transformation of migration
which has become more complicated from formal to informal structure,
its development, and migration policies will be examined within a general
framework; and the reasons of this transformation will be investigated.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Migration, Illegal Migration, Regulation, Globalization, Marginal Migration

MARGINALIZED MIGRATION, TRENDS AND POLICIES

Öz

Göç olgusu zaman içinde deùLüen karakteristik yap×V×na karü×n tarihin
tüm zamanlar×nda görülen ve gelecekte de sürmesinin kaç×Q×lmaz görüldüùü
sosyal bir olayd×r. Bu sosyal olay×n zaman derinliùi ve sürekliliùi göz önüne
al×nd×ù×nda ise onun adeta insan×n varolmas× ile bütünleümiü bir niteliùe
sahip olduùu görülmektedir. únsan×n hep daha iyiyi elde etme beklentisinin
yaratt×ù× bencillik ile toplumsal yaüamdaki siyasal ve sosyal çat×ümalar×n
önlenmesindeki baüar×V×zl×k karü×V×nda bireyin bu ortamdan uzaklaüma isteùi,
göç hareketlerinin sürmesindeki ve beslenmesindeki unsurlar×
oluüturmaktad×r. Göçün tarihsel sürekliliùine raùmen, günümüzde daha önce
olmad×ù× kadar bu sosyal sorunun çözümüne yönelik politika ve gündem
oluüturma özelliùine de sahip olduùu görülmektedir. Göçün sorun olarak
gündem oluüturmadaki öncüllüùü, daha çok ulusal devletlerin veya
uluslararas× organizasyonlar×n egemenlik ve politika belirlemeye yönelik
hassasiyetleri kapsam×nda göçe yönelik getirdikleri engellemeler ve
N×V×tlamalar karü×V×nda, göç karar×Q× gerçekleütirme arzusunda olan göçmenin
bunu informal yollardan oluüturma yolundaki karü×tl×k, hem göçün giderek
marjinalleümesine ve hem de hükümetlerin bu olay karü×V×nda etkin olabilme
isteùinin çat×ümas×ndan kaynaklanmaktad×r. Bu çal×ümada da daha kompleks
bir hal alan göçün formal yap×dan informal yap×ya dönüüümü, geliüimi ve
oluüturulan politikalar genel bir çerçeve içinde ele al×narak, bu dönüüüme yol
açan geliümelere cevap verilmeye çal×ü×lmaktad×r. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Göç, Yasa Dışı Göç, Düzenleme, Küreselleşme, Marjinal Göç

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