Öz
Yaşlıların bilgi teknolojisi
kullanımının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapılan bu çalışma Denizli kentsel kesimde
60 yaş üzerinde bilgisayar kullanıcısı olan ve olmayan, en az lise mezunu 206
birey üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada bilgisayara yönelik beklentiler
ve benimsenmesine engel oluşturan algılar çeşitli boyutlarıyla ele alınmıştır.
Bilgisayara yönelik beklentiler dört ifadeden, benimsenmesine engel oluşturan
ve destekleyen algılar beş alt boyut ve 18 ifadeden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmada
“Teknoloji Kullanımına Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği (Cronbach α=.754)” ve “Yaşam Doyumu
Ölçeği (Cronbach
α=.855)” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamına alınan yaşlıların
bilgisayar kullanımına ilişkin beklentileri ve benimsenmesine engel oluşturan
ve destekleyen algıları -bilgisayar kullanıcısı olanlarla olmayanlar arasında-
güvenlik dışında anlamlı (p<0.01) bulunmuştur. Bilgisayar kullanıcısı
olmayan yaşlılar bilgisayara olumsuz yaklaşmakta, bilgisayarın kendilerine
uygun olmadığını, yaşamı kolaylaştırmada etkili olmadığını, öğrenmenin zor ve
teknolojinin pahalı olduğunu belirtmişlerdir. Ergonomik açıdan ele alındığında
ekrandaki harflerin çok küçük, klavyenin kullanımının zor ve ifadelerin kolay
anlaşılır olmadığını ifade etmişlerdir. Bu olumsuzluğu belirtenlerin bilgisayar
kullanıcısı olmayan bireyler oldukları anlaşılmaktadır. Benzer şekilde
bilgisayar kullanıcısı olan ve olmayan bireyler arasında teknolojiye karşı
tutum da farklılaşmaktadır (t= 3,294 p<0.01). Teknolojiye olumlu yaklaşanların
yaşam doyumları da daha yüksektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Arning K. and Ziefle M., 2009. Different perspec-tives on technology acceptance: The role of technology type and age. In A. Holzinger & K. Miesenberger (Eds.), USAB 2009, LNCS 5889, (pp. 20-41), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- Charness N., 2008. Technology as multiplier effect for an aging work force. In K.W. Schaie & R. Abeles (Eds.), Social structures and aging individuals: Continuing challenges (pp. 167–192). New York: Springer.
- Charness N. and Boot W.R., 2009. Aging and information technology use: Potential and barriers. Current Directions in Psycholog-ical Science, 18(5), 253-258.
- Diener E., Emmons R.A., Larsen R.J. and Griffin S., 1985. The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Enwald H., Kangas M., Keranen, N., Korpelaine R., Huvila I. and Jamsa, T., 2016. Opinions and use of mobile information technology among older people in Northern Finland-preliminary results of a population based study. ASIST, 14-18.
- Festervand T.A., Meinert D.B. and Vitell S.J., 2011. Older adult‘ attitudes toward and adoption of personal computer-based lifestyle assistance. Journal of Applied Business research, 10(2), 13-22.
- Gell, N.M., Rosenberg, D.E., Demiris, G., LaCroix, A.Z. and Patel, K.V., 2015. Patterns of technology use among older adults with and without disabilities. The Gerontologist, 55(3),412–421. doi:10.1093/geront /gnt166
- González A., Ramírez M.P. and Viadel V., 2015. ICT learning by older adults and their atti-tudes toward computer use. Current Ger-ontology and Geriatrics Research, 2015, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2015/ 849308
- Hill R., Betts L.R. and Gardner S.E., 2015. Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology: (Dis)empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion. Computers in Human Behavior, 48(C), 415-423. doi:10. 1016/j.chb.2015.01.062
- Kalınkara V., Başıbüyük G.Ö. ve Ay F., 2016. Yaş-lıların geronteknolojik ürünleri kabule yönelik tutumları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araş-tırma Dergisi, 9(2), 1-19.
- Kalınkara V., Tezel H.E. ve Zorlu T., 2016. Ge-ro(n)teknoloji: Yaşlı ve teknoloji. İçinde V. Kalınkara (Ed.), Yaşlılık: Disiplinler arası yaklaşım, sorunlar, çözümler-2. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. (s.511-542). ISBN 978-605-320-426-8
- Köker S., 1991. Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeylerinin Karşılaştı-rılması Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üni-versitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
- McMurtrey, M.E., McGaughey, R.E., Downey, J.P. and Zeltmann, S.M. 2017. Seniors and in-formation technology: Much ado about something? https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/e6aa/3f9d1d5daa5a4154e9064957f1a5890517d2.pdf erişim: 04.12.2017
- Mervyn K. and Allen D.K., 2012. Sociospatial context and information behavior: Social exclusion and the influence of mobile in-formation technology. Journal of Associa-tion for Information Science and Technol-ogy, 63(6), 1125-1141.
- Özgür H., 2016. Adapting the media and technol-ogy usage and attitudes scale to Turkish. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16(5), 1711-1735. doi:10.12738/estp. 2016.5.0085
- Rogers W.A., Stronge A.J. and Fisk A.D., 2005. Technology and aging. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 1(1), 130-171.
- Rosen L.D., Whaling K., Carrier L.M., Heever N.A. and Rokkum J., 2013. The media and technology usage and attitudes scale: An empirical investigation. Comput Human Behav. 29(6): 2501–2511.
- Umemuro H., 2004. Computer attitudes, cognitive abilities, and technology usage among older Japanese adults. Gerontechjournal, 3(2), 64-76.
- Umemuro H. and Shirokane Y., 2003. Elderly Japanese computer users: Assessing changes in usage, attitude, and skill transfer over a one-year period. Universal Access in the Information Society, 2(4), 305-314.
- Zhou X. and Shen W., 2016. Research on interac-tive device ergonomics designed for elderly users in the human-computer interaction. International Journal of Smart Home, 10(2), 49-62. http://dx.doi.org/10. 14257/ijsh.2016.10.2.06
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY USAGE AMONG OLDER ADULTS AND LIFE SA-TISFACTION: POTENTIAL AND BARRIERS, ERGONOMIC APPROACH
Öz
This study was conducted on 206 individuals over 60 years of age who are computer users or not and have at least a high school graduation, to determine the usage of information technology of elderlies in Denizli urban area. In the study, expectations from computers and perceptions that prevent acceptance of them have been considered in various aspects. While expectations from computers are composed of four expressions, perceptions that prevent and support acceptance of computers are consists of five sub-dimensions and 18 statements." Attitude Scale for Technology Use (Cronbach alpha=.754)” and "Life Satisfaction Scale (Cronbach alpha=.855)” were used in the study. Expectations from computers and perceptions that prevent and support acceptance of computers of elderlies included in the study -between the computer users and not the computer users- were found to be significant except for the security (p<0.01). The elderlies who are not computer users approach computers negatively and have indicated that the computers are not suitable for them, they are not effective in making their life easier, learning to use computers is difficult and technology is expensive. When considered in terms of ergonomics, they also stated that the letters on the screen are too small, the use of the keyboard is difficult and the expressions are not easy to understand. It is understood that the elderlies who indicate these negative statements are not computer users. Similarly, attitudes towards technology between computer users and non-computer users are different (t= 3,294 p<0.01).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Aging Information Technology Ergonomics Life Satisfaction Gerontechnology
Kaynakça
- Arning K. and Ziefle M., 2009. Different perspec-tives on technology acceptance: The role of technology type and age. In A. Holzinger & K. Miesenberger (Eds.), USAB 2009, LNCS 5889, (pp. 20-41), Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
- Charness N., 2008. Technology as multiplier effect for an aging work force. In K.W. Schaie & R. Abeles (Eds.), Social structures and aging individuals: Continuing challenges (pp. 167–192). New York: Springer.
- Charness N. and Boot W.R., 2009. Aging and information technology use: Potential and barriers. Current Directions in Psycholog-ical Science, 18(5), 253-258.
- Diener E., Emmons R.A., Larsen R.J. and Griffin S., 1985. The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49(1), 71-75.
- Enwald H., Kangas M., Keranen, N., Korpelaine R., Huvila I. and Jamsa, T., 2016. Opinions and use of mobile information technology among older people in Northern Finland-preliminary results of a population based study. ASIST, 14-18.
- Festervand T.A., Meinert D.B. and Vitell S.J., 2011. Older adult‘ attitudes toward and adoption of personal computer-based lifestyle assistance. Journal of Applied Business research, 10(2), 13-22.
- Gell, N.M., Rosenberg, D.E., Demiris, G., LaCroix, A.Z. and Patel, K.V., 2015. Patterns of technology use among older adults with and without disabilities. The Gerontologist, 55(3),412–421. doi:10.1093/geront /gnt166
- González A., Ramírez M.P. and Viadel V., 2015. ICT learning by older adults and their atti-tudes toward computer use. Current Ger-ontology and Geriatrics Research, 2015, 1-7. doi:10.1155/2015/ 849308
- Hill R., Betts L.R. and Gardner S.E., 2015. Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology: (Dis)empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion. Computers in Human Behavior, 48(C), 415-423. doi:10. 1016/j.chb.2015.01.062
- Kalınkara V., Başıbüyük G.Ö. ve Ay F., 2016. Yaş-lıların geronteknolojik ürünleri kabule yönelik tutumları. Yaşlı Sorunları Araş-tırma Dergisi, 9(2), 1-19.
- Kalınkara V., Tezel H.E. ve Zorlu T., 2016. Ge-ro(n)teknoloji: Yaşlı ve teknoloji. İçinde V. Kalınkara (Ed.), Yaşlılık: Disiplinler arası yaklaşım, sorunlar, çözümler-2. Ankara: Nobel Akademik Yayıncılık. (s.511-542). ISBN 978-605-320-426-8
- Köker S., 1991. Normal ve Sorunlu Ergenlerin Yaşam Doyumu Düzeylerinin Karşılaştı-rılması Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Ankara Üni-versitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Ankara.
- McMurtrey, M.E., McGaughey, R.E., Downey, J.P. and Zeltmann, S.M. 2017. Seniors and in-formation technology: Much ado about something? https://pdfs.semanticscholar. org/e6aa/3f9d1d5daa5a4154e9064957f1a5890517d2.pdf erişim: 04.12.2017
- Mervyn K. and Allen D.K., 2012. Sociospatial context and information behavior: Social exclusion and the influence of mobile in-formation technology. Journal of Associa-tion for Information Science and Technol-ogy, 63(6), 1125-1141.
- Özgür H., 2016. Adapting the media and technol-ogy usage and attitudes scale to Turkish. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 16(5), 1711-1735. doi:10.12738/estp. 2016.5.0085
- Rogers W.A., Stronge A.J. and Fisk A.D., 2005. Technology and aging. Reviews of Human Factors and Ergonomics, 1(1), 130-171.
- Rosen L.D., Whaling K., Carrier L.M., Heever N.A. and Rokkum J., 2013. The media and technology usage and attitudes scale: An empirical investigation. Comput Human Behav. 29(6): 2501–2511.
- Umemuro H., 2004. Computer attitudes, cognitive abilities, and technology usage among older Japanese adults. Gerontechjournal, 3(2), 64-76.
- Umemuro H. and Shirokane Y., 2003. Elderly Japanese computer users: Assessing changes in usage, attitude, and skill transfer over a one-year period. Universal Access in the Information Society, 2(4), 305-314.
- Zhou X. and Shen W., 2016. Research on interac-tive device ergonomics designed for elderly users in the human-computer interaction. International Journal of Smart Home, 10(2), 49-62. http://dx.doi.org/10. 14257/ijsh.2016.10.2.06
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Mühendislik |
| Bölüm | ÖS: ERGONOMI2017 |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 24 Aralık 2018 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 18 Aralık 2017 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 6 Haziran 2018 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2018 Cilt: 6 |