Effect of different exercise model on inflammatory predictors and metabolic parameters in experimentally induced type 2 diabetes model

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 1, 10 - 18, 12.04.2019

Manolya Acar Özköslü Emel Sönmezer Hülya Arıkan Nilüfer Bayraktar

Öz

Purpose: It was aimed to compare the effect of aerobic exercise and resistant exercise training on metabolic parameters and inflammatory predictors in rat type 2 diabetes model in our study.

Methods: The study was performed on 14 male rats with type 2 diabetes. The subjects were divided into three groups as aerobic exercise group (N=5), resistive exercise group (n:4) and control group (N=5). The aerobic exercise group were performed 45-60 minutes of swimming training, resistance exercise group were adapted to climb stairs with weights that were 75-100 % of the body weight attached to their tails for 6 weeks 3 times a week. The blood glucose level was determined by glucometer by taking blood from the tail vein. After exercise training, the metabolic parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), hemoglobinA1c (HbA1c), insulin), inflammatory predictors (tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin1-β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined taking blood from the hearts of the subjects under anesthesia by the respective kits.

Results: The glucose, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 levels were significantly lower in the aerobic exercise group than in the other groups (p<0.05). The measured others parameters were no significant differences between the three groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The results of the study can be a pioneer in the planning and implementation of human studies in order to make the right exercise selection in type 2 diabetes. We think that aerobic exercise training improves glycemic control and has an anti-inflammatory effect in the type 2 diabetes model.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diabetes, Exercise, Blood glucose, Dyslipidemia, Inflamation

Deneysel olarak oluşturulan tip 2 diyabet modelinde farklı egzersiz modellerinin inflamatuar belirleyiciler ve metabolik parametreler üzerine etkisi

Öz

Amaç: Çalışmamızda, sıçanlarda deneysel olarak oluşturulan tip 2 diyabet modelinde aerobik egzersiz ve dirençli egzersiz eğitiminin metabolik parametreler ve inflamatuar belirleyiciler üzerine etkisinin karşılaştırılması amaçlandı.

Yöntem: Çalışma tip 2 diyabet oluşturulan 14 adet erkek sıçan üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Denekler aerobik egzersiz grubu (N=5), dirençli egzersiz grubu (N=5), kontrol grubu (n=4) olacak şekilde 3 gruba ayrıldı. Aerobik egzersiz grubu 45-60 dk yüzme egzersizi, dirençli egzersiz grubu vücut ağırlıklarının %75-100’ü kadar ağırlık kuyruklarına bağlanarak merdiven çıkma egzersizini 6 hafta, haftada 3 gün gerçekleştirdiler. Kan glikoz seviyesi kuyruk veninden kan alınarak glukometre ile belirlendi. Egzersiz eğitimi sonunda anestezi uygulanan deneklerin kalplerinden kan alınarak metabolik parametreler (Kolesterol, trigliserit, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (HDL-C), düşük yoğunluklu lipoprotein kolesterol (LDL-C), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insülin), inflamatuar belirleyiciler (tümör nekroz faktörü alfa(TNF-α), interlökin1-β (IL-1β), interlökin-6 (IL-6) ilgili kitler ile belirlendi.

Bulgular: Aerobik egzersiz grubunda glikoz, TNF-α, IL-1β ve IL-6 düzeyleri diğer grupları göre istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde daha düşük bulundu (p<0,05). Ölçülen diğer parametrelerde üç grup arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır (p>0,05).

Sonuç: Çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar, tip 2 diyabette doğru egzersiz seçiminin yapılabilmesi için insanda yapılacak çalışmaların planlanmasında ve gerçekleştirilmesinde öncü bir nitelik taşıyabilecektir. Aerobik egzersiz eğitimin tip 2 diyabet modelinde glisemik kontrolü iyileştirdiği ve anti-inflamatuar etki yarattığını düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Diyabet, Egzersiz, Kan Glukozu, Dislipidemi, İnflamasyon

Kaynakça

• 1. Hameed I, Masoodi SR, Mir SA, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: from a metabolic disorder to an inflammatory condition. World J Diabetes. 2015;6:598-612.
• 2. International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes Atlas, 8th Edition. Brussels, Belgium: IDF.2017.
• 3. American Diabetes Association. Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabete. Diabetes Care. 2018;41:13-27.
• 4. Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, et al. TURDEP-II Study Group. Twelve- year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013;28:169-180.
• 5. Colberg SR, Albright AL, Blissmer BJ, et al. Exercise and type 2 diabetes: American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Exercise and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2010;42:2282-2303.
• 6. Kirwan J. P, Sacks J, Nieuwoudt S. The essential role of exercise in the management of type 2 diabetes. Cleve Clin J Med. 2017;84:15.
• 7. Hugh B, Brian C, Giuseppe DV. Effects of Self-directed Exercise Programmes on Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review Evaluating Their Effect on HbA1c and Other Metabolic Outcomes, Physical Characteristics, Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Functional Outcomes. Sports Med. 2017;47:717-733.
• 8. Karstoft K, Winding K, Knudsen SH, et al. The effects of free living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes Care. 2013;36:228-236.
• 9. Choi KM, Han KA, Ahn HJ, et al. Effects of exercise on SRAGE levels and cardiometabolic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97:3751-3758.
• 10. Sung K, Bae S. Effects of a regular walking exercise program on behavioral and biochemical aspects in elderly people with type II diabetes. Nurs Health Sci. 2012;14:438-445.
• 11. Sigal R. J, Kenny G. P, Boulé, N. G, et al. Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on glycemic control in type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2007; 147:357-369.
• 12. Kadoglou NP, Vrabas IS, Sailer N, et al. Exercise ameliorates serum MMP-9 and TIMP-2 levels in patients withtype 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab. 2010;36:144-151.
• 13. Dunstan DW, Daly RM, Owen N, et al. Home-based resistance training is not sufficient to maintain improved glycemic control following supervised training in older individuals with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2005;28:3-9.
• 14. Dunstan DW, Vulikh E, Owen N, et al. Community center-based resistance training for the maintenance of glycemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2006;29:2586-2591.
• 15. Esser N, Legrand-Poels S, André J, et al. Inflammation as a link between obesity, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;105:141-150.
• 16. Hayashino Y, Jackson JL, Hirata T, et al. Effects of exercise on C-reactive protein, inflammatory cytokine and adipokine in patients with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Metabolism. 2014;63:431-440.
• 17. Masiello P, Broca C, Gross R, et al. Experimental NIDDM: development of a new model in adult rats administered streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Diabetes. 1998;47:224-229.
• 18. Alaca N, Uslu S, Gulec Suyen G, et al. Effects of different aerobic exercise frequencies on streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetic rats: Continuous versus short bouts and week end warrior exercises. J Diabetes. 2018;10:73-84.
• 19. Toma A, Makonnen E, Mekonnen Y, et al. Antidiabetic activities of aqueous ethanol and n-butanol fraction of Moringa stenopetala leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2015;15:242.
• 20. Kavishankar G. B, Lakshmidevi N. Anti-diabetic effect of a novel N-Trisaccharide isolated from Cucumis prophetarum on streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats. Phytomedicine. 2014;21:624-630.
• 21. Fernandes T, Nakamuta J. S, Magalhães F. C, et al. Exercise training restores the endothelial progenitor cells number and function in hypertension: implications forangiogenesis. J Hypertens. 2012;30:2133-2143.
• 22. Rosety-Rodriguez M, Rosety I, Fornieles-Gonzalez G, et al. A 6-week training program increased muscle antioxidant system in elderly diabetic fatty rats. Med Sci Monit. 2012;18:346.
• 23. Özbeyli D, Sarı G, Özkan N, et al. Protective effects of different exercise modalities in an Alzheimer's disease-like model. Behav Brain Res. 2017;15:159-177.
• 24. Rodrigues MF, Stotzer US, Domingos MM, et al. Effects of ovariectomy and resistance training on oxidative stres markers in the rat liver. Clinics. 2013;68:1247-1254.
• 25. Hayran M, Hayran M. Sağlık araştırmaları için temel istatistik.Ankara: Art Ofset Matbaacılık Yayıncılık Organizasyon Ltd. Şti;2011.
• 26. Lin X, Zhang X, Guo J, et al. Effects of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness and biomarkers of cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Am Heart Assoc. 2015;4:4
• 27. Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, et al. Physical activity/exercise and diabetes: a position statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2016;39:2065-2079.
• 28. Jorge ML, de Oliveira VN, Resende NM, et al. The effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on metabolic control, inflammatory markers, adipocytokines, and muscle insulin signaling in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Metabolism. 2011;60:1244-1252.
• 29. Schwingshackl L, Missbach B, Dias S, et al. Impact of different training modalities on glycaemic control and blood lipids in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and network meta analysis. Diabetologia. 2014;57:1789-1797.
• 30. McArdle DW, Katch IF, Katch LV. The endocrine system: organization and acute and chronic responses to physical activity. In: Exercise Physiology nutrition, energy and human performance lupash E eds. 8th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott W&W;2015:408-452.
• 31. Praet SF, van Loon LJ. Exercise therapy in type 2 diabetes. Acta Diabetol. 2009;46:263-278. 32. Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, et al. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;28:10:12.
• 32. Teixeira-Lemos E, Nunes S, Teixeira F, et al. Regular physical exercise training assists in preventing type 2 diabetes development: focus on its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2011;28:10:12.
• 33. Turcotte LP, Fisher JS. Skeletal muscle insulin resistance: roles of fatty acid metabolism and exercise. Phys Ther. 2008;88:1279-1296.
• 34. Swift DL, Johannsen NM, Lavie CJ, et al. The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2014;56:441-447.
• 35. Chudyk A, Petrella RJ. Effects of exercise on cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes care, 2011;34:1228-1237.
• 36. Kwon HR, Min KW, Ahn HJ, et al. Effects of aerobic exercise vs. resistance training on endothelial function in women with type 2diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab J. 2011;35:364-373.
• 37. Pedersen BK. Anti‐inflammatory effects of exercise: role in diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Eur J Clin Invest. 2017;47:600-611.
• 38. Calle MC, Fernandez ML. Effects of resistance training on the inflammatory response. Nutr Res Pract. 2010;4:259-269.
• 39. Pesta DH, Goncalves RLS, Madiraju AK, et al. Resistance training to improve type 2 diabetes: working toward a prescription for the future. Nutr Metab.2017;14:24.