Küreselleşmenin Öntarihi: Hareket Halindeki Çerkes Kimliği [Prehistories of Globalisation: Circassian Identity in Motion]

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 4 Sayı: 7-8, 195 - 229, 31.05.2019

Setenay Shami Çevirmen: Jade Cemre Erciyes Çevirmen: Zeynel Abidin Besleney

Öz

This
article through a closer look at an emergent notion that might be called the
prehistory of globalization will focus on how the pasts of one small diasporic
group, the Circassians, act upon their present engagements with globality and
the ways in which they experience a newly accessible homeland in the North
Caucasus. In looking at the linkages between Circassian pasts and presents,
mobility and migration emerge clearly as a constitutive element of Circassian
identity. To explore the relationship between motion and identity the author
juxtaposes two texts from different time-spaces. The first is an ethnographic
text narrating a journey undertaken by a Circassian woman in 1993 from diaspora
to homeland, from Turkey to the Caucasus. The second is an historical text
dating from 1854 and documenting the journey of a Circassian woman from
homeland to slavery, from the Caucasus to Egypt. The unexpected divergences,
convergences, and counterintuitive insights illuminated by the juxtaposition
illustrate the changing trajectories of migration, memory, and imagination.
They help assess the utility of prehistory as a conceptual link between past
and present and reveal the profoundly gendered nature of globalization and its
pasts.

Anahtar Kelimeler

prehistory, migration, return, slavery, globalisation

Küreselleşmenin Öntarihi: Hareket Halindeki Çerkes Kimliği [Prehistories of Globalisation: Circassian Identity in Motion]

Öz

Küreselleşme
teriminin tanımı üzerindeki muğlaklık tamamen giderilemese de, onun işaret
ettiği süreçlere dair dünyada genel bir hemfikirliğin olduğunu söyleyebiliriz.
Alternatif moderniteleri, kültürel melezliği, ticari malların dolaşımını,
ulusaşırı göçleri yada kimlik siyasetini anlamaya çalışırken Küreselleşme
teorisi aslında geleceğe bakar. Lineerlik, teleoloji ve öngörülebilirlik
kavramlarını bir yana bırakarak yeni binyılın nasıl şekilleneceğini anlamaya
çalışır. Devinim ve kimlik arasındaki ilişkiyi
anlamak için farklı zaman dilimlerinden iki metni yanyana getirerek analiz
edeceğim. Bunların ilki, 1993 yılında bir Çerkes kadınının diasporadan
anavatanına -Türkiye’den Kafkasya’ya- yaptığı seyahati anlatan etnografik bir
metin. İkincisi ise, 1854’de yazılmış olan ve bir Çerkes kadınının
anavatanından köleliğe –Kafkasya’dan Mısır’a, yaptığı yolculuğu anlatan
tarihsel bir metin. Bu metinlerin karşılaştırmalı analizinin ortya koyduğu
beklenmedik ayrılıklar ve biraraya gelmeler, ve tahmin edilmesi zor kavrayışlar
göç, hafıza ve tahayyül gibi kavramların değişken hallerini gösterir. Bu
kavramlar, Öntarih‘in (prehistory)
geçmiş ile bugün arasında kavramsal bir bağ kurmak ve küreselleşme ve onun
geçmişlerinin çarpıcı şekilde cinsiyetçi olduğunu göstermek açısından
kullanışlı bir nosyon olup olmadığını anlamamıza yardım ederler.

 

Anahtar Kelimeler

küreselleşme, kadın, Çerkes, ön-tarih

Kaynakça

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