Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster
Yıl 2019, Sayı: 42, 169 - 191, 30.06.2019

Öz

Kaynakça

  • Adamec, Ludwig W. (2005). The A to Z of Afghan Wars, Revolutions and Insurgencies, Maryland Scarecrow Press. Amin, Mohsin (07 Jan 2017). The Story Behind China's Long-Stalled Mine in Afghanistan. The Diplomat. Erişim Adresi: https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/the-story-behind-chinas-long-stalled-mine-in-afghanistan/, Erişim Tarihi: 31.12.2018.
  • Amiri, Sharif (9.8.2018). China To Send Delegation To Facilitate Govt-Taliban Talks, TOLOnews. Erişim Adresi: https://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/china-send-delegation-facilitate-govt-taliban-talks. Erişim Tarihi: 8.1.2019.
  • Amstutz, J. Bruce (1986). The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Washington: National Defence University Press.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir (2012). 20. Yüzyıl Siyasî Tarihi 1914-1995. 18. B. İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.
  • Azami, Dawood (22 December 2018). Afghanistan: How does the Taliban make money? Erişim Adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46554097?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c8nq32jw5r5t/afghanistan&link_location=live-reporting-story, Erişim Tarihi: 5.1.2019.
  • Balcı, Ergun (08.01.1980). Afganistan ve Ötesi. Cumhuriyet Gazetesi.
  • Bradsher, Henry S. (1985). Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Bryanski, Gleb ve Chris Buckley (6 June 2012). China's Hu sees role for regional bloc in Afghanistan. Reuters. Erişim Adresi: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-russia-hu-afghanistan/chinas-hu-sees-role-for-regional-bloc-in-afghanistan-idUSBRE85504T20120606?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews. Erişim Tarihi: 1.1.2019.
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  • Chen Jian (Jun., 1995). China's Involvement in the Vietnam War. 1964-69. The China Quarterly. No. 142. pp. 356-387.
  • Cheng, Joseph Yu-shek (2018). Multilateral Approach In China's Foreign Policy. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
  • CICA (21 May 2014). Statement by H.E. Mr. Xi Jinping President of the People's Republic of China, Fourth CICA Summit. Erişim Adresi: http://www.s-cica.org/page.php?page_id=711&lang=1, Erişim Tarihi: 8.1.2019.
  • Cordovez, Diego ve Selig S. Harrison (1995). Out Of Afghanistan. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Danhui Li ve Yafeng Xia (2018). Mao and the Sino-Soviet Split 1959-1973. Maryland: Lexington Books.
  • Destradi, Sandra vd. (2012). The ISAF Withdrawal from Afghanistan: Perceptions and Reactions of Regional Powers. German Institute of Global and Area Studies. No. 5. Erişim Adresi: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/152243/gf_international_1205.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 1.1.2019.
  • Dobbins, James ve Carter Malkasian (July/August 2015). Time to Negotiate in Afghanistan, How to Talk to the Taliban. Foreign Affairs. Vol. 94, No. 4. pp.53-64.Dupree, Louis (1980). Afghanistan. 3rd Printing. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Erman, Kubilayhan (2017). Afganistan’daki Sovyet Nüfuzu ve İşgali (Etkiler ve Sonuçları). Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  • European Council (5 October 2016). Brussels Conference on Afghanistan, - participants list. Erişim Adresi: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/10/04/afghanistan-conference-participants-list/. Erişim Tarihi: 4.1.2019.
  • Flounders, Sara (Ocak 2019). Kalkınma mı Yıkım mı? Çin ve ABD Kıyaslaması, Turque Diplomatique, Sayı: 117. ss. 12, 13.
  • Gall, Sandy (1989). Afghanistan, Travels with the Mujahideen. Paperback Edition. London: English Library.
  • Gao, Charlotte (27.12.2017). Why Is China Holding the China-Pakistan-Afghanistan Dialogue Now? The Diplomat. Erişim Adresi: https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/why-is-china-holding-the-china-pakistan-afghanistan-dialogue-now/, Erişim Tarihi: 6.1.2019. Ghaus, Abdul Samad (1988). The Fall of Afghanistan. 1st Edition. Oxford: Pergamon-Brassey’s International Defense Publishers.
  • Hao Yufan ve Zhai Zhihai (Mar., 1990). China's Decision to Enter the Korean War: History Revisited, The China Quarterly, No. 121, pp. 94-115.
  • Hooper, John (20.10.2001). Claims that China paid Bin Laden to see cruise missiles. The Guardian. Erişim Adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/20/china.afghanistan. Erişim Tarihi: 24.12.2018.
  • Hu, Richard W. X. (2005). China’s Central Asian Policy: Making Sense of The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Central Asia at the End of the Transition. Ed. Boris Rumer. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
  • Hürriyet. 07.01. 1980, 12.01.1980.
  • Kant, Immanuel (1960). Ebedi Barış Üzerine Felsefî Deneme. Çev. Y. Abadan ve S. L. Meray. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Kaplan, Robert D. (2001). Soldiers of God. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Khoo, Nicholas (November 2005). Realism Redux: “Investigating the Causes and Effects of Sino-US Rapprochement”. Cold War History, Vol. 5. No. 4. pp. 529–549.
  • Kiran, Afifa (2012). China’s Containment Syndrome: Revisiting the Issue from Pakistani Perspective, ISSRA Papers. Erişim Adresi: https://ndu.edu.pk/issra/issra_pub/articles/issra-paper/ISSRA_Papers_Vol4_IssueI_2012/06-China's-Containment-Afifa.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2019.
  • Ludwig, Jonathan Z. (2013). Sixty years of Sino-Afghan relations. Cambridge Review of International Affairs., 26:2. pp. 392-410.
  • Lüthi, Lorenz M. (2008). The Sino-Soviet Split. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Magnus, Ralph H. Eden Naby (1998). Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx, and Mujahid. Colorado: Westview Press.
  • Maharaj, Sanjay Badri (Spring, 2016). China and Stability in Afghanistan: China’s Afghanistan Strategy. Scholar Warrior. pp. 45-51. Erişim Adresi: http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/703322313_SanjayBadriMaharaj.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 6.1.2019.
  • Manning, Robert (Ocak 2019). ABD’nin Hint-Pasifik Stratejisi: Efsaneler ve Gerçekler. Turque Diplomatique. Sayı: 117. ss. 6-7.
  • Milliyet. 07.01.1980, 20.01.1980.
  • Ming-Yen Tsai (2003). From Adversaries to Partners? Chinese and Russian Military Cooperation after the Cold War. Westport: Greenwood.
  • Ministry of Commerce-PRC (05.12.2017). The 3rd Meeting of China-Afghanistan Intergovernmental Joint Committee of Economics and Trade Held in Beijing. Erişim Adresi: http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201712/20171202682386.shtml. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2019.
  • Ministry of Finance-Afganistan (15.5.2017). Afghanistan and China sign agreement on customs cooperation. Erişim Adresi: http://mof.gov.af/en/news/afghanistan-and-china-sign-agreement-on-customs-cooperation, Erişim Tarihi: 5.1.2019.
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ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AFGANİSTAN

Yıl 2019, Sayı: 42, 169 - 191, 30.06.2019

Öz

Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin dış politikası
kuruluşundan itibaren tarihsel-kültürel, jeopolitik ve ideolojik koşullamalara
bağlı olarak şekillenmekle birlikte Soğuk Savaş döneminin formatlarına uyumla
bazı değişimlere de uğramıştır. Radikal dış politika dönüşümü ise 1980’lerde
Deng Xioping liderliğinde benimsenen yeni ekonomik yaklaşımla eş zamanlı olarak
belirmeye başlamış ve bu politik tutum Çin’in dünyaya açılmasına imkân
sağlamıştır. Bu dönemden itibaren ÇHC ekonomik gelişme ve kalkınmaya
odaklanırken, aynı zamanda “barış içinde kalkınma” yaklaşımı çerçevesinde
komşular ve yakın çevre ile iyi ilişkiler kurmayı, bölgesel işbirliği ve
diyalog zeminleri oluşturmayı amaçlamıştır. ÇHC bu tür bir yaklaşımla
sağlanacak güvenlik ve istikrar ortamının ekonomik ve ticari ilişkilere
muhtemel katkısını önemsemektedir. Bu bağlamda periferisindeki bir devlet olan
Afganistan ile özel bir ilişkiler süreci deneyimlemektedir. Çin dış
politikasının Afganistan meselelerine ilgisi dönemsel değişimler geçirmekle
birlikte 1979 yılında başlayan Sovyet askerî müdahalesi bu ülkenin ÇHC dış
politikasındaki önemini artırmıştır. Günümüzde Afganistan’daki güvenliksiz ve
istikrarsız ortam ile bu durumun istenmeyen etkileri Pekin yönetiminin
gündeminde öne çıkmaktadır. ÇHC neoklasik realist paradigmalar bağlamında
Afganistan kaynaklı tehditleri önemsemekte ve bunları bölgesel ölçekte tesir
edebilecek yarı-liberal yaklaşımlar kullanarak bertaraf etmeye çalışmaktadır.
Bununla birlikte ÇHC ve Afganistan arasındaki ilişki biçimi salt komşuluk ilişkileri
ile sınırlandırılamayacak bir derinlik arz etmektedir. Zira, Afganistan’ın 2001
yılından beri batılı aktörlere ev sahipliği işlevi Çin’i Soğuk Savaş’ın
çevreleme olgusunun pekiştirdiği tehdit algılamalarına sürüklemektedir. Bu
çalışmada; ÇHC dış politikasının tarihsel dönüşümü ve Afganistan ile ilişkileri
incelenmiştir. Bu çerçevede dünyada son kırk yıldır çok boyutlu bir kriz alanı
olan Afganistan’ın Çin açısından arz ettiği önem değerlendirilmiştir.       

Kaynakça

  • Adamec, Ludwig W. (2005). The A to Z of Afghan Wars, Revolutions and Insurgencies, Maryland Scarecrow Press. Amin, Mohsin (07 Jan 2017). The Story Behind China's Long-Stalled Mine in Afghanistan. The Diplomat. Erişim Adresi: https://thediplomat.com/2017/01/the-story-behind-chinas-long-stalled-mine-in-afghanistan/, Erişim Tarihi: 31.12.2018.
  • Amiri, Sharif (9.8.2018). China To Send Delegation To Facilitate Govt-Taliban Talks, TOLOnews. Erişim Adresi: https://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/china-send-delegation-facilitate-govt-taliban-talks. Erişim Tarihi: 8.1.2019.
  • Amstutz, J. Bruce (1986). The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Washington: National Defence University Press.
  • Armaoğlu, Fahir (2012). 20. Yüzyıl Siyasî Tarihi 1914-1995. 18. B. İstanbul: Alkım Yayınevi.
  • Azami, Dawood (22 December 2018). Afghanistan: How does the Taliban make money? Erişim Adresi: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-46554097?intlink_from_url=https://www.bbc.com/news/topics/c8nq32jw5r5t/afghanistan&link_location=live-reporting-story, Erişim Tarihi: 5.1.2019.
  • Balcı, Ergun (08.01.1980). Afganistan ve Ötesi. Cumhuriyet Gazetesi.
  • Bradsher, Henry S. (1985). Afghanistan and the Soviet Union. Durham: Duke University Press.
  • Bryanski, Gleb ve Chris Buckley (6 June 2012). China's Hu sees role for regional bloc in Afghanistan. Reuters. Erişim Adresi: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-russia-hu-afghanistan/chinas-hu-sees-role-for-regional-bloc-in-afghanistan-idUSBRE85504T20120606?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews. Erişim Tarihi: 1.1.2019.
  • Chaliand, Gérard (1982). Report From Afghanistan. Paperback Edition. New York: Penguin Books.
  • Chen Jian (Jun., 1995). China's Involvement in the Vietnam War. 1964-69. The China Quarterly. No. 142. pp. 356-387.
  • Cheng, Joseph Yu-shek (2018). Multilateral Approach In China's Foreign Policy. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.
  • CICA (21 May 2014). Statement by H.E. Mr. Xi Jinping President of the People's Republic of China, Fourth CICA Summit. Erişim Adresi: http://www.s-cica.org/page.php?page_id=711&lang=1, Erişim Tarihi: 8.1.2019.
  • Cordovez, Diego ve Selig S. Harrison (1995). Out Of Afghanistan. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Danhui Li ve Yafeng Xia (2018). Mao and the Sino-Soviet Split 1959-1973. Maryland: Lexington Books.
  • Destradi, Sandra vd. (2012). The ISAF Withdrawal from Afghanistan: Perceptions and Reactions of Regional Powers. German Institute of Global and Area Studies. No. 5. Erişim Adresi: https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/152243/gf_international_1205.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 1.1.2019.
  • Dobbins, James ve Carter Malkasian (July/August 2015). Time to Negotiate in Afghanistan, How to Talk to the Taliban. Foreign Affairs. Vol. 94, No. 4. pp.53-64.Dupree, Louis (1980). Afghanistan. 3rd Printing. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Erman, Kubilayhan (2017). Afganistan’daki Sovyet Nüfuzu ve İşgali (Etkiler ve Sonuçları). Ankara: Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi.
  • European Council (5 October 2016). Brussels Conference on Afghanistan, - participants list. Erişim Adresi: https://www.consilium.europa.eu/en/press/press-releases/2016/10/04/afghanistan-conference-participants-list/. Erişim Tarihi: 4.1.2019.
  • Flounders, Sara (Ocak 2019). Kalkınma mı Yıkım mı? Çin ve ABD Kıyaslaması, Turque Diplomatique, Sayı: 117. ss. 12, 13.
  • Gall, Sandy (1989). Afghanistan, Travels with the Mujahideen. Paperback Edition. London: English Library.
  • Gao, Charlotte (27.12.2017). Why Is China Holding the China-Pakistan-Afghanistan Dialogue Now? The Diplomat. Erişim Adresi: https://thediplomat.com/2017/12/why-is-china-holding-the-china-pakistan-afghanistan-dialogue-now/, Erişim Tarihi: 6.1.2019. Ghaus, Abdul Samad (1988). The Fall of Afghanistan. 1st Edition. Oxford: Pergamon-Brassey’s International Defense Publishers.
  • Hao Yufan ve Zhai Zhihai (Mar., 1990). China's Decision to Enter the Korean War: History Revisited, The China Quarterly, No. 121, pp. 94-115.
  • Hooper, John (20.10.2001). Claims that China paid Bin Laden to see cruise missiles. The Guardian. Erişim Adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2001/oct/20/china.afghanistan. Erişim Tarihi: 24.12.2018.
  • Hu, Richard W. X. (2005). China’s Central Asian Policy: Making Sense of The Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Central Asia at the End of the Transition. Ed. Boris Rumer. New York: M. E. Sharpe, Inc.
  • Hürriyet. 07.01. 1980, 12.01.1980.
  • Kant, Immanuel (1960). Ebedi Barış Üzerine Felsefî Deneme. Çev. Y. Abadan ve S. L. Meray. Ankara: Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları.
  • Kaplan, Robert D. (2001). Soldiers of God. New York: Vintage Books.
  • Khoo, Nicholas (November 2005). Realism Redux: “Investigating the Causes and Effects of Sino-US Rapprochement”. Cold War History, Vol. 5. No. 4. pp. 529–549.
  • Kiran, Afifa (2012). China’s Containment Syndrome: Revisiting the Issue from Pakistani Perspective, ISSRA Papers. Erişim Adresi: https://ndu.edu.pk/issra/issra_pub/articles/issra-paper/ISSRA_Papers_Vol4_IssueI_2012/06-China's-Containment-Afifa.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 17.02.2019.
  • Ludwig, Jonathan Z. (2013). Sixty years of Sino-Afghan relations. Cambridge Review of International Affairs., 26:2. pp. 392-410.
  • Lüthi, Lorenz M. (2008). The Sino-Soviet Split. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
  • Magnus, Ralph H. Eden Naby (1998). Afghanistan: Mullah, Marx, and Mujahid. Colorado: Westview Press.
  • Maharaj, Sanjay Badri (Spring, 2016). China and Stability in Afghanistan: China’s Afghanistan Strategy. Scholar Warrior. pp. 45-51. Erişim Adresi: http://www.claws.in/images/journals_doc/703322313_SanjayBadriMaharaj.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 6.1.2019.
  • Manning, Robert (Ocak 2019). ABD’nin Hint-Pasifik Stratejisi: Efsaneler ve Gerçekler. Turque Diplomatique. Sayı: 117. ss. 6-7.
  • Milliyet. 07.01.1980, 20.01.1980.
  • Ming-Yen Tsai (2003). From Adversaries to Partners? Chinese and Russian Military Cooperation after the Cold War. Westport: Greenwood.
  • Ministry of Commerce-PRC (05.12.2017). The 3rd Meeting of China-Afghanistan Intergovernmental Joint Committee of Economics and Trade Held in Beijing. Erişim Adresi: http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/newsrelease/significantnews/201712/20171202682386.shtml. Erişim Tarihi: 01.03.2019.
  • Ministry of Finance-Afganistan (15.5.2017). Afghanistan and China sign agreement on customs cooperation. Erişim Adresi: http://mof.gov.af/en/news/afghanistan-and-china-sign-agreement-on-customs-cooperation, Erişim Tarihi: 5.1.2019.
  • Naisbitt, John (1995). Global Paradox. New York: Avon Books.
  • Ng, Tiffany P. (1.9.2010). China’s Role in Shaping the Future of Afghanistan, Erişim Tarihi: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/china_role_afghanistan.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 4.1.2019.
  • Olcott, Martha Brill, Natalia Udalova (2000). Drug Trafficking on the Great Silk Road: The Security Environment in Central Asia. Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Erişim Adresi: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/drugs.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 1.3.2019.
  • O’leary, Greg (1980). The Shaping of Chinese Foreign Policy. Canberra: Australia National University Press.
  • Oğuz, Esedullah (2001). Hedef Ülke Afganistan. İstanbul:Doğan Kitapçılık.
  • Opacin, Nerkez (2015). China’s Role in Afghanistan: A Capitalist Peace Approach. Hamburg: Anchor Academic Publishing.
  • Pan Guang (2006). East Turkestan Terrorism and the Terrorist Arc: China’s Post-9/11 Anti-Terror Strategy. China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly. Vol. 4. No.2. pp. 19-24.Qiang Zhai (2000). China and the Vietnam Wars 1950-1975. USA: The University of North Caroline Press.
  • Rasmussen, Sune Engel (6.6.2017). Afghanistan holds peace conference amid violence and protests. Erişim Adresi: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2017/jun/06/afghanistan-peace-conference-violence-protests-kabul-bombing. Erişim Tarihi: 4.1.2019.
  • RECCA (2017). Ministerial Session. Erişim Adresi: http://recca.af/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/RECCA-VII-at-a-glance-EN.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 28.2.2019.
  • Reed, J. Todd ve Diana Raschke (2010). The ETIM: China’s Islamic Militants and the Global Terrorist Threat. California: ABC-CLIO, LLC.
  • Rubin, Barnett R. (1995). The Fragmentation of Afghanistan. Michigan: Yale University.
  • Rubiolo, María Florencia (julio a diciembre de 2010). El multilateralismo estratégico en la política exterior de China: Estudios de caso: el Foro Regional de ASEAN y la disputa por las islas Spratly. Colombia Internacional 72. pp. 29-52. Erişim Adresi: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=81219908002. Erişim Tarihi: 27.2.2019.
  • Sadr, Omar (2016). Rethinking Stability for Afghanistan: socialising Great Powers in a multilateral order. Afghanistan Post-2014. Ed. Rajen Harshé & Dhananjay Tribathi, New York: Routledge.
  • Sander, Oral (2012). Siyasi Tarih 1918-1994. 21. Baskı. Ankara: İmge.
  • Scheuer, Michael (2011). Osama Bin Ladin. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Seerat, Rustam Ali (August 2015). China’s Role in Afghan-Taliban Peace Talks: Afghan Perspectives. Institute of Chinese Studies. Erişim Adresi: https://www.icsin.org/uploads/2015/08/24/6f949b585a51f6f4fd06226212c951aa.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 5.1.2019.
  • Siddiqui, Naveed (15.12.2018). Cooperation, intelligence sharing between Afghanistan, Pakistan vital for defeating terrorism: Qureshi. Dawn. Erişim Adresi: https://www.dawn.com/news/1451577, Erişim Tarihi: 6.1.2019.
  • Suettinger, Robert L. (Fall 2004). The Rise and Descent of “Peaceful Rise” China Leadership Monitor. No. 12. Erişim Adresi: https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/uploads/documents/clm12_rs.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 28.2.2019.
  • Şimşir, Bilal N. (2002). Atatürk ve Afganistan, Ankara: Avrasya Stratejik Araştırma Merkezi Yayınları.
  • Tahiri, Noor Rahman (6 Aug 2017). Afghanistan and China Trade Relationship, Oruj University, MPRA Paper No. 82098. Erişim Adresi: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/82098/1/MPRA_paper_82098.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 1.1.2019.
  • Terry, Janis J. (2008). Islamist Movements. Encyclopedia of World History. Vol. VI (The Contemporary World). Ed. Marsha E. Ackermann vd. New York: Infobase Publishing.
  • The Washington Times (21.09.2001). Erişim Adresi: https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2001/sep/28/20010928-025638-7645r/. Erişim Tarihi: 23.12.2018.
  • TOLOnews (28 Feb 2018). Govt Issues Declaration After Kabul Process Meeting. Erişim Adresi: https://www.tolonews.com/afghanistan/govt-issues-declaration-after-kabul-process-meeting, Erişim Tarihi: 4.1.2019.
  • TOLOnews. (03 Nov 2015). Afghanistan, China Sign Three Cooperation Agreements. Erişim Adresi: http://prod.tolonews.com/afghanistan/afghanistan-china-sign-three-cooperation-agreements. Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2019.
  • Tzou, Byron N. (1990). China and International Law: The Boundary Disputes. New York: Praeger Publishers.
  • UNAMA (27-28 Nov 2018). Heads of Delegations- Geneva Conference on Afghanistan. Erişim Adresi: https://unama.unmissions.org/geneva-conference-afghanistan. Erişim Tarihi: 4.1.2019.
  • UNAMA (31.10.2014). Secretary-General’s message to Ministerial Conference of Istanbul Process. Erişim Adresi: https://unama.unmissions.org/secretary-general%E2%80%99s-message-4th-ministerial-conference-istanbul-process, Erişim Tarihi: 5.1.2019.
  • Van der Kley, Dirk (October 2014). China’s foreign policy in Afghanistan, Lowy Institute for International Policy. Erişim Adresi: https://www.lowyinstitute.org/sites/default/files/chinas-foreign-policy-in-afghanistan_0.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 03.01.2019.
  • Volkov, Y. vd. (1980). The Truth About Afghanistan. Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House.
  • Wacker, Gudrum (2015). The Irreversible Rise. A New Foreign Policy for a Stronger China. Xi’s Policy Gambles: The Bumpy Road Ahead. (Eds.) Alessia Amighini, Axel Berkofsky. Milano: ISPI, Erişim Adresi: https://www.ispionline.it/it/EBook/XiPolicyGambles.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 27.02.2019
  • Weissmann, Mikael (2015). Chinese Foreign Policy in a Global Perspective: A Responsible Reformer “Striving For Achievement”. JCIR. Vol. 3, No. 1.
  • White, Kristopher D. (2005). Pamir Knot. Encyclopedia of World Geography. Ed: R. W. McColl. New York: Golson Books.
  • Wilson, Dick (1969). Anatomy of China. 1st Printing. New York: Mentor Books.
  • Wortzel, Larry M. (July 2003). Concentrating Forces and Audacious Action: PLA Lessons from the Sino-Indian War. The Lessons of History: The Chinese People’s Liberation Army at 75. Ed. Laurie Burkitt, Andrew Scobell ve Larry M. Wortzel. Strategic Studies Institute. Erişim Adresi: https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/report/2003/ssi_burkitt-scobell-wortzel.pdf, Erişim Tarihi: 26.2.2019.
  • Xu He (15.01.2019). Afghan NSA hopes China will encourage regional players in constructive roles. China Daily. Erişim Adresi: http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201901/15/WS5c3d9efba3106c65c34e4978.html, Erişim Tarihi: 16.01.2019.
  • Yousaf, Mohammad ve Mark Adkin (2001). Afghanistan: The Bear Trap. Havertown: CASEMATE.
  • Zaeef, Abdul Salam (2010). My Life with the Taliban. Ed. By Alex Strick van Linschoten ve Felix Kuehn. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Zhang Yunling (2016). China and its neighbourhood: transformation, challenges and grand strategy. International Affairs 92: 4. pp. 835–848.
  • Zhao Huasheng (March 2012). China and Afghanistan, China’s interests, stances and perspectives. CSIS. Erişim Adresi: https://csis-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/120322_Zhao_ChinaAfghan_web.pdf. Erişim Tarihi: 10.1.2019.
  • Zhao M. (October 2015). China’s New Silk Road Initiative. IAI Working Papers 17. Erişim Adresi: http://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1537.pdf. Erişim: 28.02.2019.
Toplam 78 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Kubilayhan Erman 0000-0003-1928-7382

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 3 Mart 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Sayı: 42

Kaynak Göster

APA Erman, K. (2019). ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ DIŞ POLİTİKASINDA AFGANİSTAN. Karadeniz Uluslararası Bilimsel Dergi(42), 169-191.