Araştırma Makalesi
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Borik Asit Katkılı Sekonder Liflerden Yapılan Kompozit Malzemelerin Özellikleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 73 - 83, 29.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.556864

Öz

Ofis-gazete kağıdı(O/N) ve ofis-karton kağıdından (O/C) yapılan
levhalarda borik asit içeriği arttıkça levhalardaki boyut değişiminin (Suda
şişme; TS) yükseldiği tespit edilmiştir. Ancak %10 borik asit içeren levhaların
Eğilme Elastikiyet Modülü (MOR), %5.0 borik asit içeren levhalara göre daha
fazla olarak kendini göstermiştir. %10 borik asit ilavesiyle en yüksek MOR
değeri, gazete/karton kağıdı (ağırlıkça 3: 1) karışımı için 7.93 MPa olarak
bulunmuştur. Mobilyalarda, levhaların Elastikiyet Modülü (MOE) genellikle borik
asit içeriği%5'ten %10'a yükselirken azalmıştır. Tüm formülasyonlar arasında en
yüksek MOE ofis/gazete kağıdında, 600 MPa standart değerinden oldukça yüksek çıkmıştır.
Bununla birlikte, en yüksek MOE değeri, ofis kağıdı/gazete oranlarının 3:1
(ağırlıkça) karışımı ile 735.63 MPa olarak bulunmuştur. Benzer sonuçlar, MOE’de
olduğu gibi, levhaların yüzeye dik çekme direnci (IB) içinde gözlenmiştir. Genel
olarak, borik asit içeriğinin %5.0'den 10'a çıkarılması, levhaların IB
özelliklerine olumsuz etki eder. Borik asit içeriği ve lif oranı seviyesinin
termal özelliklere (termal iletkenlik;TC) etkileride fark edildi. Borik asit
genellikle yüksek termal direnç sağlar ancak lif oranı ve borik asit katkılı
lif tipinin içeriği önemli olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte, en düşük TC değeri
0.1455 W / mK olan, %10 BA içeriği olan sadece karton kağıdı liflerinden
yapılmış levhalar olduğu bulunmuştur. Sekonder liflerden yapılan levhaların ses
yutma değerleri, sürekli olarak 1600 Hz'e yükselen ve ardından azalan bir ses
sönümlemesi göstermektedir. Levhaların ses yutma özelliklerinin genellikle
düşük frekanslarda daha iyi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.
Borik
asit içeriği ve lif oranı seviyesinin termal özelliklere (termal iletkenlik;TC)
etkileride fark edildi. Borik asit genellikle yüksek termal direnç sağlar ancak
lif oranı ve borik asit katkılı lif tipinin içeriği önemli olmaktadır. Bununla
birlikte, en düşük TC değeri 0.1455 W / mK olan, %10 BA içeriği olan sadece karton
kağıdı liflerinden yapılmış levhalar olduğu bulunmuştur. Sekonder liflerden
yapılan levhaların ses yutma değerleri, sürekli olarak 1600 Hz'e yükselen ve
ardından azalan bir ses sönümlemesi göstermektedir. Levhaların ses yutma
özelliklerinin genellikle düşük frekanslarda daha iyi olduğu anlaşılmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • ASTM C1113/C1113M – 09 (2013). Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique), ASTM International.
  • Atchison, J.E. (1989). New developments in nonwood plant fiber pulping-a global perspective , Proce., Nonwood plant fibers, Progress report no. 19, Tappi press, Atlanta, GA, 253-274.
  • Atchison, J.E. (1993). Data on non-wood plant fibers, In: Properties of fibrous raw materials and their preparation for pulping, M.J.Kocurek (Ed.), Joint textbook com. of the paper industry, Vol.3, Tappi Press, Atlanta,GA, 157-174.
  • Dos Santos, R.C.; Mendes, L.M.; Morı, F.A.; Mendes, R.F. (2009). Particleboard produced from residues generated after the extraction of candeia wood oil (Eremanthus erythropappus). Scientia Forestalis 37 (84): 437-446.
  • English, B., Chow, P., and Bajwa, D.S. (1997). Processing into Composites, In: Paper and Composites from Agro-based Resources, R.M. Rowell, R.A. Young, J.K. Rowell, (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, pp.269-299.
  • Eshraghi, A., Khademieslam, H. (2012). Waste paperboard in composition panels, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 46, 637-642.
  • Grigoriou, A. (2003). Waste paper–wood composites bonded with isocyanate, Wood Science and Technology, 37(1): 79-90.
  • Hänninen, T., and Hughes, M. (2010). Historical, contemporary and future applications. Industrial Applications of Natural Fibers, J. Müssig, Ed. Wiley, pp.385-395.
  • Kaya, A.I and Sahin, H.T. (2016). The Effects of Boric Acid on Fiberboard Made from Wood/Secondary Fiber Mixtures: Part 3. Utilization of Recycled Waste Office Paper Fibers, American Chemical Science Journal, 16(3): 1-8.
  • Kaya, A.I and Sahin, H.T. (2016).The Effects of Boric Acid on Fiberboard Made from Wood/Secondary Fiber Mixtures: Part 2. Utilization of Recycled Old Corrugated Container Fibers, American Chemical Science Journal, 16(2): 1-8.
  • Kaya, A.I. (2015). A study of composite materials that produced from recovered fibers of recycled waste papers, Suleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Ph.D thesis, (turkish, abstract in english) isparta, 239p.
  • Kaya, A.I. and Sahin, H.T. (2016). The Effects of Boric Acid on Fiberboard Properties Made from Wood/Secondary Fiber Mixtures: Part 1. Utilization of Recycled Newsprint Paper Fibers, American Chemical Science Journal, 16 (1): 1-8.
  • Nourbakhsh, A., Ashori, A., Jahan-Latibari, A. (2010). Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard made from old newsprint fibers. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29 (1): 5-11.
  • Okino, E. Y. A., Santana, M. A. E., de Souza, M. R. (2000). Utilization of wastepaper to manufacture low density boards. Bioresource Technology, 73(1): 77-79.
  • Rials, G. T and Wolcott, M.P. (1997). Physical and mechanical properties of agro-based fibers, In: Paper and composites from agro based resources, Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A., Rowell, J.K. (Eds), CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 63-81.
  • Rowell, R.M. (1997). Opportunities for composites from agro-based resources, In: Paper and composites from agro based resources, R.M. Rowell, R.A. Young, J.K. Rowell, (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL,7-19.
  • Rowell, R.M. 1995. Composite materials from agricultural resources, In; Research industrial application of non-food crops, I. Plant fibres: proceeedings of a seminar, May 1995, O. Olesen, F. Rexen, J. Larsen, (Eds), Acad. of Tech. Sci., Denmark, 27-41.
  • Springer, A., Rose, M., Ryu, R. (1996). Eco blocks: nontraditional use for mixed wastepaper. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 122 (5): 437-444.
  • TS EN 622-5 (1999). Fibreboards - Specifications - Part 5: Requirements for dry process boards (MDF), Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara.
  • TS EN ISO 10534-2. (2003). Acoustics Determination of Sound Absorption Coefficient and Impedance in Impedances Tubes-Part 2: Transfer-Function Method, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara.
  • Vasiliev, V.V., and Morozov, E. (2001). Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials, 1’st Edition, Elsevier Science, New York.
  • White, G.A., and Cook, C. G. (1997). Inventory of agro-mass, In: Paper and composites from agro based resources, R.M. Rowell, R.A. Young, J.K. Rowell, (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, 7-21.

Properties of Composite Panels Made from Secondary Fibers with Boric Acid

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1, 73 - 83, 29.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.556864

Öz

The change in the
dimension (Thickness Swelling; TS) was found to be high, at high boric acid
content for boards made from Office paper/Newspaper (O/N) and Office paper/Old
Corrugated Container (O/C) types. However, the
boards made with 10% boric acid exhibits higher Modulus
of Rupture (MOR) values than boards made with 5.0% boric acid. The highest
value of MOR was found as 7.93 MPa with the addition of 10% boric acid with
Newspaper/Old Corrugated Containers (3:1 by weight) mixtures. The Modulus of
Elasticity (MOE) of the boards generally decreased with increasing boric acid
content from 5% to 10% in furnishes. The Office paper/Newspaper had the highest
MOE among the all formulations and considerable higher than standard value of
600 MPa.
  However, the highest value of
MOE was found as 735.63 MPa with the mixture of 3:1 (by weight) proportions of
Office paper/Newspaper proportions. The similar results were observed for
Internal Bond (IB) properties of boards, as like MOE. While in general,
increasing boric acid content from 5.0 to 10%, negative effects on IB
properties of boards.
It was also realized that the boric acid content
and fiber proportions effects various level on thermal properties (thermal
conductivity; TC). The boric acid had usually provided higher thermal
resistance, but the difference between fiber proportions and fiber types
consisting of boric acid was important. However, the lowest TC value of 0.1455
W/mK was found the boards made from only old corrugated containers fibers with
10% BA content.
The sound absorption
values of boards made from secondary fibers show a sound damping that it was
steady increase up to 1600 Hz and then
decreasing.
It could be realized that the sound
absorption properties of boards were generally
better than that of in lower frequencies.It was also realized that the boric acid
content and fiber proportions effects various level on thermal properties
(thermal conductivity; TC). The boric acid had usually provided higher thermal
resistance, but the difference between fiber proportions and fiber types
consisting of boric acid was important. However, the lowest TC value of 0.1455
W/mK was found the boards made from
only old corrugated containers fibers with 10% BA content.
The sound absorption values of boards made from secondary
fibers show a sound damping that it was steady
increase up to 1600 Hz and then decreasing.
It could be realized that
the
sound absorption
properties of boards were generally better
than that of in lower frequencies. 

Kaynakça

  • ASTM C1113/C1113M – 09 (2013). Standard Test Method for Thermal Conductivity of Refractories by Hot Wire (Platinum Resistance Thermometer Technique), ASTM International.
  • Atchison, J.E. (1989). New developments in nonwood plant fiber pulping-a global perspective , Proce., Nonwood plant fibers, Progress report no. 19, Tappi press, Atlanta, GA, 253-274.
  • Atchison, J.E. (1993). Data on non-wood plant fibers, In: Properties of fibrous raw materials and their preparation for pulping, M.J.Kocurek (Ed.), Joint textbook com. of the paper industry, Vol.3, Tappi Press, Atlanta,GA, 157-174.
  • Dos Santos, R.C.; Mendes, L.M.; Morı, F.A.; Mendes, R.F. (2009). Particleboard produced from residues generated after the extraction of candeia wood oil (Eremanthus erythropappus). Scientia Forestalis 37 (84): 437-446.
  • English, B., Chow, P., and Bajwa, D.S. (1997). Processing into Composites, In: Paper and Composites from Agro-based Resources, R.M. Rowell, R.A. Young, J.K. Rowell, (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, pp.269-299.
  • Eshraghi, A., Khademieslam, H. (2012). Waste paperboard in composition panels, Cellulose Chemistry and Technology, 46, 637-642.
  • Grigoriou, A. (2003). Waste paper–wood composites bonded with isocyanate, Wood Science and Technology, 37(1): 79-90.
  • Hänninen, T., and Hughes, M. (2010). Historical, contemporary and future applications. Industrial Applications of Natural Fibers, J. Müssig, Ed. Wiley, pp.385-395.
  • Kaya, A.I and Sahin, H.T. (2016). The Effects of Boric Acid on Fiberboard Made from Wood/Secondary Fiber Mixtures: Part 3. Utilization of Recycled Waste Office Paper Fibers, American Chemical Science Journal, 16(3): 1-8.
  • Kaya, A.I and Sahin, H.T. (2016).The Effects of Boric Acid on Fiberboard Made from Wood/Secondary Fiber Mixtures: Part 2. Utilization of Recycled Old Corrugated Container Fibers, American Chemical Science Journal, 16(2): 1-8.
  • Kaya, A.I. (2015). A study of composite materials that produced from recovered fibers of recycled waste papers, Suleyman Demirel University, Graduate School of Applied and Natural Sciences, Ph.D thesis, (turkish, abstract in english) isparta, 239p.
  • Kaya, A.I. and Sahin, H.T. (2016). The Effects of Boric Acid on Fiberboard Properties Made from Wood/Secondary Fiber Mixtures: Part 1. Utilization of Recycled Newsprint Paper Fibers, American Chemical Science Journal, 16 (1): 1-8.
  • Nourbakhsh, A., Ashori, A., Jahan-Latibari, A. (2010). Evaluation of the physical and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard made from old newsprint fibers. Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites, 29 (1): 5-11.
  • Okino, E. Y. A., Santana, M. A. E., de Souza, M. R. (2000). Utilization of wastepaper to manufacture low density boards. Bioresource Technology, 73(1): 77-79.
  • Rials, G. T and Wolcott, M.P. (1997). Physical and mechanical properties of agro-based fibers, In: Paper and composites from agro based resources, Rowell, R.M., Young, R.A., Rowell, J.K. (Eds), CRC Press, Inc, Boca Raton, Florida, p. 63-81.
  • Rowell, R.M. (1997). Opportunities for composites from agro-based resources, In: Paper and composites from agro based resources, R.M. Rowell, R.A. Young, J.K. Rowell, (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL,7-19.
  • Rowell, R.M. 1995. Composite materials from agricultural resources, In; Research industrial application of non-food crops, I. Plant fibres: proceeedings of a seminar, May 1995, O. Olesen, F. Rexen, J. Larsen, (Eds), Acad. of Tech. Sci., Denmark, 27-41.
  • Springer, A., Rose, M., Ryu, R. (1996). Eco blocks: nontraditional use for mixed wastepaper. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 122 (5): 437-444.
  • TS EN 622-5 (1999). Fibreboards - Specifications - Part 5: Requirements for dry process boards (MDF), Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara.
  • TS EN ISO 10534-2. (2003). Acoustics Determination of Sound Absorption Coefficient and Impedance in Impedances Tubes-Part 2: Transfer-Function Method, Turkish Standards Institution, Ankara.
  • Vasiliev, V.V., and Morozov, E. (2001). Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials, 1’st Edition, Elsevier Science, New York.
  • White, G.A., and Cook, C. G. (1997). Inventory of agro-mass, In: Paper and composites from agro based resources, R.M. Rowell, R.A. Young, J.K. Rowell, (Eds), CRC Press Inc, Boca Raton, FL, 7-21.
Toplam 22 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Mühendislik
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Ali İhsan Kaya 0000-0002-1860-9610

Halil Turgut Şahin 0000-0001-5633-6505

Yayımlanma Tarihi 29 Temmuz 2019
Kabul Tarihi 14 Temmuz 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Kaya, A. İ., & Şahin, H. T. (2019). Properties of Composite Panels Made from Secondary Fibers with Boric Acid. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(1), 73-83. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.556864