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Understanding Smart Cities: An Evaluation of Konya and Barcelona

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 90 - 110, 11.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.547086

Öz

Today, increasing population density in urban areas
brings with some problems. In order to overcome these emerging problems and
make urban living spaces more livable, an innovative approach to information
communication technologies in urban life that has brought about the "smart
city" concept was introtuced. Given the
definitions of the smart city concept, there is no common definition known in
the literature, but it is widely accepted that the intelligent city means
performance in terms of going forward in information and communication
technologies, urban life, environment and living space.
The use of
information communication technologies makes it possible for cities to play a
variety of roles in their functions, such as building a smart structure,
creating policies and organizing growth. It also provides strategies to enable
urban residents to adapt to urbanization by providing and using smart urban
practices and resources of urban services that will be offered to urban
residents in the best possible way. However, the ability of smart city
applications to succeed and the city to gain an intelligent structure is
closely related to the adoption of smart city technologies by urban residents.
The main purpose of study in this context is; analyzing the concept of smart
city and examining what might be the smart urban technologies that can be
adopted by the inhabitants of the city, including smart urban components such
as governance, individual, transportation in the transformation of cities into
smart cities. The study will be dealt with in a qualitative way.   In this direction, smart urban practices in
Barcelona, which are shown as good examples in terms of smart cities, will be
examined and efforts will be made to determine in which stage the studies are
done in Konya.

Kaynakça

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  • BİLİCİ, Zekeriya ve BABAHANOĞLU, Veysel (2018), “Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Konya Örneği”, Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, S.9(2), ss.124-139.
  • BOLIVAR, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez (2015), “Smartt Cities: Big Cities, Complex Governance?”, Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities (Ed. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar), Springer Publisher, Switzerland, ss.1-9.
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  • FERRER, Josep-Ramon (2017), “Barcelona’s Smart City Vision: An Opportunity For Transformation”, The Journal of Field Actions, S.Special Issue 16, ss.72-76.
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  • GIFFINGER, Rudolf (2007), “Smart Cities Ranking Of European Medium-Sized Cities”, Vienna University of Technology Research Report, October, ss.13-18.
  • RAHAM, Stephen ve MARVIN, Simon (1999), “Planning Cybercities Integrating Telecommunications into Urban Planning”, The Town Planning Review, S.70(1), ss.89-114.
  • GRETZEL, Ulrike, SIGALA, Marianna, XIANG, ZHENG ve KOO, Chulmo (2015), “Smart Tourism: Foundations and Developments”, Electronic Markets, S.25(3), ss.1-10.
  • HALL, Robert E. (2000), “The Vision of A Smart City”, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Life Extension Technology Workshop, Paris.
  • HARRISON, Colin, ECKMAN, Barbara, HAMILTON, Rick, HARTSWICK, Perry, KALAGNANAM, Jayant, PARASZCZAK, Jurij ve WILLIAMS, Peter (2010), “Foundations For Smarter Cities”, IBM Journal of Research and Development, S.4, ss.1-16.
  • HOLLANDS, Robert G. (2014), “Critical Interventions Into The Corporate Smart City”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, S.8(1), ss.61-78.
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Akıllı Kentleri Anlamak: Konya ve Barcelona Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1, 90 - 110, 11.05.2019
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.547086

Öz

Günümüzde kentsel
mekânlarda yaşayan nüfus yoğunluğunun artması beraberinde birtakım sorunları
getirmektedir. Ortaya çıkan bu sorunların üstesinden gelmek ve kentsel yaşam
alanlarının daha yaşanabilir kılınması adına kentsel yaşamda bilgi iletişim
teknolojilerinin yenilikçi bir anlayışla kullanılmaya başlanması “akıllı kent”
kavramını gündeme getirmiştir. Akıllı kent kavramının tanımlamaları dikkate
alındığında literatürde genel kabul görmüş ortak bir tanımı olmamakla birlikte,
akıllı kent, kent yaşamıyla ilintili, çevre ve yaşam alanlarındaki performansı
bilgi iletişim teknolojileri vasıtasıyla ileriye taşımaya çalışan bir anlayışı
ifade etmektedir. Bilgi iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanılması kentlerin akıllı
bir yapı kazanma, politika oluşturma ve büyümeyi organize etme gibi
fonksiyonlarında çeşitli roller üstlenmesini mümkün kılmaktadır. Ayrıca akıllı
kent uygulamaları ile kent sakinlerine sunulacak kentsel hizmetlerin
kaynaklarının en iyi şekilde kullanılmasını sağlayarak, yönetme ve uygulama
konusunda ve kent sakinlerinin kente adaptasyonunu mümkün kılacak stratejiler
de sunmaktadır. Ancak akıllı kent uygulamalarının başarıya ulaşabilmesi ve
kentin akıllı bir yapı kazanabilmesi akıllı kent teknolojilerinin kent
sakinleri tarafından benimsenmesi ile yakından ilişkilidir. Bu bağlamda
çalışmanın temel amacı; akıllı kent kavramının analizini yaparak, kentlerin
akıllı kentlere dönüşümünde yönetişim, birey, ulaşım gibi akıllı kent
bileşenlerini içeren, kent sakinleri tarafından benimsenebilecek akıllı kent
teknolojilerinin neler olabileceğini incelemek olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışma
nitel bir yöntemle ele alınıp oluşturulacaktır. Bu doğrultuda çalışmada akıllı
kentler açısından iyi örnekler arasında gösterilen Barcelona’daki akıllı kent
uygulamaları incelenip, Konya’da bu konuda yapılan çalışmaların hangi aşamada
olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılacaktır.

Kaynakça

  • AKGÜL, Mustafa Kemal (2018), "Kentlerin E-Dönüşümü: Akıllı Kentler", E-Makale, http://anahtar.sanayi.gov.tr/tr/news /kentlerin-e-donusumu-akilli-kentler/416, (Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2018).
  • AL-HADER, Mahmoud, MAHMUD, Ahman Rodzi, SHARIF, Abdül Rashid ve AHMAD, Noordin (2009), “Smart City Components Architecture”, International Conference on Computational Intelligence, Modelling and Simulation, Brno, Czech Republic.
  • ANEZ, Victoria Fernandez (2016), “Stakeholders Approach to Smart Cities: A Survey on Smart City Definitions”, Smart Cities (Ed. Enrique Alba, Francisco Chicano - Gabriel Luque), Springer Publisher, Switzerland, ss.157-168.
  • ANGELİDOU, Margarita, (2016)," Four European Smart City Strategies", International Journal of Social Science Studies, S.4(1), ss.18-30.
  • ANTHOPOULOS, Leonidas (2017), Understanding Smart Cities: A Tool for Smart Government or an Industrial Trick? Springer International Publisher, San Antonio.
  • BAKICI, Tuba, ALMIRALL, Esteve ve WAREHAM, Jonathan (2013), “A Smart City Initiative: The Case of Barcelona”, Journal of the Knowledge Economy, S.4(2), ss.135-148.
  • BİLİCİ, Zekeriya ve BABAHANOĞLU, Veysel (2018), “Akıllı Kent Uygulamaları ve Konya Örneği”, Akademik Yaklaşımlar Dergisi, S.9(2), ss.124-139.
  • BOLIVAR, Manuel Pedro Rodríguez (2015), “Smartt Cities: Big Cities, Complex Governance?”, Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities (Ed. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolívar), Springer Publisher, Switzerland, ss.1-9.
  • CAPDEVILA, Matías ve ZARLENGA, Ignasi I. (2015), "Smart City Or Smart Citizens? The Barcelona Case", Journal of Strategy and Management, S.8(3), ss.266-282.
  • CARAGLIU, Andrea, DEL BO, Chiara ve NIJKAMP, Peter (2011), “Smart Cities in Europe”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.18(2), ss.65-82.
  • COLLDAHL, Caroline, FREY, Sonya ve KELEMEN, Joseph E. (2013), Smart Cities: Strategic Sustainable Development for an Urban World, School of Engineering Blekinge Institute of Technology, Sweden.
  • ÇELİKYAY, Hicran Hamza (2013), “Teknoloji Girdabından Akıllı Şehre Dönüşüm: İstanbul Örneği”, II. Türkiye Lisansüstü Çalışmalar Kongresi Bildiriler Kitabı – V (Ed. Ümit Güneş), Star Ajans Yayınevi, Bursa, ss.1315-1328.
  • DELOITTE & VODAFONE (2016), "Akilli Şehir Yol Haritasi", E-Kitap, https://www.sehirsizin.com/Documents/Deloitte-Vodafone-Akilli-Sehir-Yol-Haritasi.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2017).
  • DEPARTMENT FOR BUSINESS INNOVATION & skılls (2013), Global Innovators: International Case Studies On Smart Cities, Department For Business Innovation Publisher, Bıs Research Paper No. 135, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system, (Accessed: 12.07.2018).
  • ELVAN, Lütfi (2017), “Akıllı Şehirler: Lüks Değil İhtiyaç”, İTÜ Vakıf Dergisi, S.77, ss.6-10.
  • FERRER, Josep-Ramon (2017), “Barcelona’s Smart City Vision: An Opportunity For Transformation”, The Journal of Field Actions, S.Special Issue 16, ss.72-76.
  • GARCIA, J. Ramon Gil, HELBIG, Natalie ve OJO, Adegboyega (2014), “Being Smart: Emerging Technologies and İnnovation in The Public Sector”, Government Information Quarterly, S.31, ss.11-18.
  • GEA, Tomas, PARADELLS, Josep ve LAMARCA, Mariano (2013), “Smart Cities as an Application of Internet of Things: Experiences and Lessons Learnt in Barcelona”, Seventh International Conference on Innovative Mobile and Internet Services in Ubiquitous Computing, IEEE, Taiwan.
  • GIFFINGER, Rudolf (2007), “Smart Cities Ranking Of European Medium-Sized Cities”, Vienna University of Technology Research Report, October, ss.13-18.
  • RAHAM, Stephen ve MARVIN, Simon (1999), “Planning Cybercities Integrating Telecommunications into Urban Planning”, The Town Planning Review, S.70(1), ss.89-114.
  • GRETZEL, Ulrike, SIGALA, Marianna, XIANG, ZHENG ve KOO, Chulmo (2015), “Smart Tourism: Foundations and Developments”, Electronic Markets, S.25(3), ss.1-10.
  • HALL, Robert E. (2000), “The Vision of A Smart City”, In Proceedings of the 2nd International Life Extension Technology Workshop, Paris.
  • HARRISON, Colin, ECKMAN, Barbara, HAMILTON, Rick, HARTSWICK, Perry, KALAGNANAM, Jayant, PARASZCZAK, Jurij ve WILLIAMS, Peter (2010), “Foundations For Smarter Cities”, IBM Journal of Research and Development, S.4, ss.1-16.
  • HOLLANDS, Robert G. (2014), “Critical Interventions Into The Corporate Smart City”, Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, S.8(1), ss.61-78.
  • INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (2008), Intelligent Transport Systems And Calm, ITU Pubisher (E-Book), https://www.itu.int/dms_pub/itu-t/oth/23/01/T23010000010003PDFE.pdf (Accessed: 21.12.2017).
  • INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (2014), Smart Water Management In Cities, ITU Pubisher (E-Book), https://www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/Approved Deliverables/TR-SWM-cities.docx (Accessed: 21.12.2017).
  • INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (2015), Intelligent Sustainable Buildings For Smart Sustainable Cities, ITU Pubisher (E-Book), https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/ssc/Documents/website/web-fg-ssc-0136-r6-smart-buildings.docx (Accessed: 21.12.2017).
  • INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION (2015), Overview Of Smart Sustainable Cities Infrastructure, ITU Pubisher (E-Book), https://www.itu.int/en/ITUT /focusgroups/ssc/Documents/website/web-fg-ssc-0097-r8TechnicalReportonSmartSustainable Cities_Infrastructure.docx (Accessed: 21.12.2017).
  • KAMU TEKNOLOJİ PLATFORMU (2018), Akıllı Kentler Masabaşı Araştırması, E-Rapor, http://www.akillisehirler.org (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2018).
  • KOMNINOS, Nicos (2009), “Intelligent Cities: Towards Interactive and Global Innovation Environments”, International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, S.1(4), ss.337-355.
  • KONYA BÜYÜKŞEHIR BELEDIYESI BAŞKANLIĞI (2014), "Akilli Şehir Konya Uygulamalari", E-Haber, http://konya.bel.tr/etkinlik/akillisehir/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2018).
  • LETAIFA, Soumaya Ben (2015), “How to Strategize Smart Cities: Revealing the SMART Model”, Journal of Business Research, S.7, ss.1414-1419.
  • LINDSKOG, Helena (2004), “Smart communities initiatives”, ISOne World Conferance, Washington (USA).
  • LOMBARDI, Patrizia ve VANOLO, Alberto (2015), “Smart City as a Mobile Technology: Critical Perspectives on Urban Development Policies”, Transforming City Governments for Successful Smart Cities (Ed. Manuel Pedro Rodríguez Bolivar), Springer Publisher, Switzerland, ss.147-162.
  • LOMBARDI, Patrizia, GIORDANO, Silvia, FAROUH, Hnd ve YOUSEF, Wael (2012), “Modelling The Smart City Performance”, The European Journal of Social Science Research, S.2, ss.137-149.
  • MANVILLE, Catriona, COCHRANE, Gavin, CAVE, Jonathan, MILLARD, Jeremy, PEDERSON, Jimmy Kevin, THAARUP, Rasmus Kare, LIEBE, Andrea, WISSNER, Matthias,
  • MASSINK, Roel ve KOTTERINK, Bas (2017), Mapping Smart Cities in the EU, European Parliament Published, Brussels, http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/etudes/join/2014/507480/IPOLITRE_ET(2014)507480_EN.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 20/12/2017).
  • MARSHALL, Tim (2004), Transforming Barcelona: The Renewal of A European Metropolis, Routledge, London.
  • MURRAY, Art, MINEVICH, Mark ve ABDOULLAEV, Azamat (2011), “The Future Of The Future: Being Smart About Smart Cities”, KMWorld Magazine, S.20(9), ss.18-33.
  • NAM, Taewoo ve PARDO, Theresa A. (2011), “Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People and Institutions”, Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Government Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times, ACM New York Publisher, New York (USA).
  • NEIROTTI, Paolo, DE MARCO, Alberto, CAGLIANO, Anna Corinna, MANGANO, Giulio ve SCORRANO, Francesco (2014), “Current Trends in Smart City Initiatives: Some Stylised Facts”, Cities, S.38, ss.25-36.
  • NOVOTNÝ, Radovan, KUCHTA, Radek ve KADLEC, Jaroslav (2014), “Smart City Concept, Applications and Services”, Journal of Telecommunications System & Management, S.3(2), ss.116-124.
  • ÖRSELLİ, Erhan, BİLİCİ, Zekeriya ve BABAHANOĞLU, Veysel (2018). “Akıllı Vatandaş, Akıllı Kentler ve Türkiye”, ICPESS 2018 Proceedings, S.1: Political Studies, ss.1-14.
  • ÖZDİL, Selçuk (2017), “Şehirlerimiz Nasıl Akıllanır?”, İTÜ Vakfı Dergisi, S.77, ss.20-23.
  • SMART CITIES COUNCIL (2015), Smart Cities Readiness Guide, Smart Cities Council Publisher, https://smartcitiescouncil.com/resources/smart-cities-readiness-guide (Accessed: 06.01.2018).
  • SOLANAS, Agusti, PATSAKIS, Constantinos, CONTI, Mauro, VLACHOS, Ioannis, RAMOS, Victoria, FALCONE, Francisco, POSTOLACHE, Octavian, PEREZ-MARTINEZ, Pablo A., DI PIETRO, Roberto, PERREA, Despina N. ve BALESTESI, Antoni Martinez (2014), “Smart Health: A Context-Aware Health Paradigm Within Smart Cities”, IEEE Communications Magazine, S.52(8), ss.74-81.
  • T. C. ÇEVRE VE ŞEHIRCILIK BAKANLIĞI (2018), Bütünleşik Kentsel Gelişme Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı, Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı Yayını, http://www.csb.gov.tr/db/kentges/editordosya/kentges_tr.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 12.01.2018).
  • T. C. KALKINMA BAKANLIĞI (2013), Onuncu Kalkinma Plani (2014-2018), Kalkınma Bakanlığı Yayını, Ankara, http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2018).
  • T. C. KALKINMA BAKANLIĞI (2014), 2015 - 2018 Bilgi Toplumu Stratejisi ve Eylem Planı, Kalkınma Bakanlığı Yayını, Ankara http://www.kalkinma.gov.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2018).
  • TIKHOMIROV, Vladimir, DNEPROVSKAYA, Natalia ve YANKOVSKAYA, Ekaterina (2015), “Three Dimensions of Smart Education”, Smart Education and Smart e-Learning (Ed. Robert J. Howlett veand Lakhmi C. Jain), Springer International Publisher, Switzerland, ss.47-56.
  • TÜRKİYE BİLİŞİM VAKFI (2016), Türkiye Akıllı Şehirler Değerlendirme Raporu, TBV Yayını, İstanbul, http://tbv.org.tr/sehrin-akilli-hali,DP-1102.html (Erişim Tarihi: 30.12.2017).
  • TÜRKİYE İNŞAAT MALZEMESİ SANAYİCİLERİ DERNEĞİ (2015), “Teknolojik ve Çevre Dostu Akıllı Şehirler”, Türkiye İnşaat Malzemesi Sanayicileri Derneği Dergisi, S.21, ss.40-58.
  • VAROL, Çiğdem (2017), “Sürdürülebilir Gelişmede Akıllı Kent Yaklaşımı: Ankara’daki Belediyelerin Uygulamaları”, Çağdaş Yerel Yönetimler, S.26(1), ss.43-58.
  • WASHBURN, Doug ve SINDHU, USMAN (2010), Helping CIOs Understand Smart City Initiatives, Forrester Publisher, https://www.forrester.com/report/Helping+CIOs+Understand+Smart+City+Initiatives/-/E-RES55590 (Accessed: 22.11.2017).
  • WE ARE SOCIAL & HOOTSUITE (2018), “We are Social & Hootsuite’s Digital in 2018 Report”, E-Article, http://www.mediacatonline.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/we-are-social-digital-in-2018.pdf (Accessed: 20.03.2019).
  • YILMAZ, Emre (2016), “Yeni Bir Hikaye Konya Akıllı Şehir Olabilir Mi?”, Konya Ticaret Odası Araştırma Raporu, Konya Ticaret Odası Yayını, Konya.
  • http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/en/about-us (Erişim Tarihi: 15.01.2018).
  • http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/en/digital-empowerment/digital-inclusion/vincles-bcn (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2018).
  • http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/en/digital-transformation/technology-for-a-better-government (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2018).
  • http://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/digital/en/projectes(Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2018).
  • http://atus.konya.bel.tr/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2018).
  • http://konya.com.tr/genel-bilgiler/ (Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2018).
  • http://opendata-ajuntament.barcelona.cat/en/open-data-bcn (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2018).
  • http://smartcity.bcn.cat/en/bicing.html (Erişim Tarihi: 05.01.2018).
  • http://www.22barcelona.com/content/blogcategory/49/280/lang,en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2018).
  • http://www.konya.bel.tr/ebelediye.php (Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2018).
  • http://www.konya.bel.tr/sayfadetay.php?sayfaID=151 (Erişim Tarihi: 14.01.2018).
  • http://www.un.org/waterforlifedecade/scarcity.shtml (Erişim Tarihi: 02.01.2018).
  • https://ajuntament.barcelona.cat/apps/en/ (Erişim Tarihi: 10.01.2018).
  • https://www.chip.com.tr/haber/barselona-mobil-baskenti-olmaya-devam-ediyor_56948.html (Erişim Tarihi: 13.01.2018).
Toplam 70 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Erhan Örselli 0000-0003-3977-0099

Selçuk Dinçer 0000-0002-9946-7721

Yayımlanma Tarihi 11 Mayıs 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Örselli, E., & Dinçer, S. (2019). Akıllı Kentleri Anlamak: Konya ve Barcelona Üzerinden Bir Değerlendirme. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 2(1), 90-110. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.547086