Mikrobiyal Kalsiyum Karbonat Oluşum Mekanizmaları Ve Uygulama Alanları

Yıl 2016, Cilt: 28 Sayı: 2, 70 - 80, 18.07.2016

Nazlıhan Yıldırım Yeşim Gürtuğ Cenk Sesal

https://doi.org/10.7240/mufbed.73209

Öz

Kalsiyum karbonat, doğada kendiliğinden kimyasal ve biyokimyasal reaksiyon olarak gerçekleşmektedir. Çimentolama ve metal iyonlarının çöktürülmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır. Dünya nüfusunun artmasına bağlı olarak, kentleşme oranının yükselmesiyle ihtiyaç duyulan konut ve iş alanı sayısı artmıştır. Bu nedenle, dayanaksız inşaat alanlarının, gerekli mühendislik uygulamaları ile sağlamlaştırılması gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır. Günümüzde, çoğu sağlamlaştırma teknikleri arasında biyolojik sağlamlaştırma etkili bir metodtur. Bu bağlamda, son yıllarda, inşaat ve çevre alanında biyokimyasal kalsiyum karbonat oluşumu ile ilgili çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Mikrobiyal kalsiyum karbonat oluşumu, alkolofilik mikroorganzimalar tarafından çeşitli biyokimyasal mekanizmalar ile gerçekleştirilen bir süreçtir. Bu süreç ile ilgili, inşaat mühendisliği alanında çatlak onarılması, alt yapısı yetersiz bölgelerin iyileştirilmesi, inşaat yapılarındaki sıvıya bağlı basıncın azaltılması, tarihi eserlerin onarılması, gibi uygulamalarda kullanılmasına ilişkin çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Ayrıca, çevre mühendisliği alanında özellikle endüstriyel atıkların doğaya ve insana verdikleri zararı ortadan kaldırmak için ağır metallerin çöktürülerek uzaklaştırılması işleminde mikrobiyal kalsiyum karbonat oluşum metodu kullanılmaktadır.

Bu derlemede, mikrobiyal kalsiyum karbonat oluşum mekanizmaları hakkında bilgi verilecek ve bu mekanizmalar ile son yıllarda sıklıkla adı geçen inşaat ve çevre mühendisliği alanında ağır metallerin çöktürülerek uzaklaştırılması, biyoçimentolama ve biyoonarım üzerine yapılan araştırmalar ele alınacaktır. Bu iki alanda mevcut veya potansiyel uygulamaları özetlemek ve potansiyel biyoçimentolama ve biyoonarım için etkili prokaryotik organizmalardan bahsedilecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Biyoçimentolama, Biyolojik Onarım; Biyomineralizasyon; Mikrobiyal Ağır Metal uzaklaştırılması

Kaynakça

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