Trakya bölgesi canavar otlarının (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) ayçiçeğinin gelişimi üzerine bazı etkilerinin belirlenmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 2, 211 - 217, 01.08.2019

Fatih Üder Sefer Demirbaş

https://doi.org/10.29136/mediterranean.567233

Öz

Canavar otu (Orobanche
cumana Wallr.) parazit bitkisi fotosentez yeteneğinden yoksun olmasından
dolayı ayçiçeği (Helianthus annuus L.)
üretim alanlarında enfeksiyon seviyesine bağlı olarak ciddi verim kayıplarına
neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, canavar otuna dayanıklı (LG5582) ve duyarlı
(Özdemirbey) ayçiçeği çeşitlerinin 2003-2016 yılları arasında Tekirdağ,
Kırklareli ve Edirne illerinin ayçiçeği üretimi yapılan bazı tarlalarından
toplanmış canavar otu enfeksiyonundan ne derecede etkilendikleri
belirlenmiştir. Öncelikle, toplanan canavar otu tohumlarının in vitro ortamda çimlenme kabiliyetleri
belirlenmiştir. Sonrasında in vivo
bitki yetiştirme ortamında canavar otu fidelerinin toprak yüzeyine çıktığı gün
ayçiçeği bitkilerinden örneklemeler yapılarak kök/gövde uzunluğu, kök/gövde yaş
ağırlığı, kök/gövde kuru ağırlığı, spesifik yaprak alanı (SLA) ve canavar otu
enfeksiyon seviyesi belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, duyarlı ayçiçeği çeşidinde en yüksek hasarın 2016
yılında toplanan canavar otu tohumlarından kaynaklandığı, 2003 yılında toplanan
tohumlarının geçen süre zarfında hala çimlenebiliyor ve duyarlı ayçiçeği
çeşidinde enfeksiyon yaratabiliyor olduğu, ayçiçeği bitkilerinin gelişimleri
incelendiğinde enfeksiyon seviyesinde meydana gelen artışın kök uzunluğu,
gövde yaş/kuru ağırlığında artışa SLA değerinde ise azalmaya neden olduğu.
Ayçiçeği fidelerinin gövde uzunluğu ve kök yaş/kuru ağırlığında meydan gelen
değişimlerin ise enfeksiyon ile ilişkilendirilemeyeceğini saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Orobanş, Bitki gelişimi, Spesifik yaprak alanı, Ayçiçeği

Teşekkür

Özdemirbey çeşidine ait ayçiçeği tohumları ve farklı bölgelerden toplanan canavar otu tohumlarının sağlanmasındaki yardımlarından dolayı Trakya Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsünden Dr. Göksel EVCİ’ye teşekkür ederiz.

Determination of some effects of broomrapes (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) in Thrace region on the development of sunflower

Öz

Broomrape parasitic plants (Orobanche cumana Wallr.) lack the ability of
photosynthesis to cause severe yield losses due to infection level in sunflower
(Helianthus annuus L.) production areas. In this study, it was tried to determine the extent to
which broomrape resistant (LG5582) and sensitive (Özdemirbey) sunflower varieties were affected by broomrape infection collected from
some fields of sunflower production in Tekirdağ, Kırklareli and Edirne provinces
between 2003 and 2016. Firstly, germination
ability of the collected broomrape seeds was determined in vitro condition. Then, the level of the broomrape infection and
root/shoot length, fresh root/shoot weight, dry root/shoot weight, specific
leaf area (SLA) was determined by the sampling of sunflower plants on the day
of the broomrape seedlings' emerging the soil surface in vivo condition. According to the results, it was determined that the highest damage in
sensitive sunflower variety was from the seeds of broomrape collected in 2016;
the seeds collected in 2003 were still germinated and could cause infection in
sensitive sunflower; the increase in infection level caused an increase in the
root length and shoot weight/dry weight and a decrease in SLA level when the
growth of sunflower plants were examined. And also, it was determined that
changes in shoot length and root fresh/dry weight of sunflower seedlings could
not be related to infection.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Broomrape, Plant growth, Specific leaf area, Sunflower

Kaynakça

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