Deneysel şizofreni modellerinin oluşturulması ve deneysel yöntemlerle şizofreni belirtilerinin değerlendirilmesi

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 12 Sayı: 2, 351 - 359, 30.08.2019

Tuba Özkul Asuman Gölgeli

https://doi.org/10.26559/mersinsbd.517921

Cited By: 2

Öz

Yaygın ve ciddi bir
psikiyatrik hastalık olan şizofreni, dünya nüfusunun %0.5-%1’ini
etkilemektedir. Şizofreni çeşitli semptomlarla seyretmesi nedeniyle kompleks
klinik bulguları olan nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Etiyolojisi tam olarak
bilinemeyen şizofrenin gelişiminde beyindeki kimyasalların, yapısal
farklılıkların ve genlerin etkisi olduğu düşünülürken; patogenezinde çevresel,
psikolojik ve sosyal etkenlerin rolü olduğu düşünülmektedir. Deneysel hayvan
modellerinin geliştirilmesi, insanlarda modellenemeyen bu hastalığın
fizyopatolojisini ve nörobiyolojik temellerinin anlaşılmasına imkân
sağlamaktadır. Deneysel yöntem olarak kalsineurin, neuregulin gibi genler genetik
modellerde; prenatal stres gelişimsel modellerde; dopaminerjik agonist gibi
ilaçlar ilaç ve kimyasal modellerde; hipokampal lezyon neonatal hipokampüs
lezyon modellerinde deneysel hayvan modelleri oluşturulmasında
kullanılmaktadır. Düşük enerji, motivasyon eksikliği, delüzyon, halüsinasyon,
anlamada ve öğrenmede yetersizlik, bellekte zayıflama vb. şizofreninin bilinen
semptomlarındandır. Değişik yöntemlerle oluşturulan deneysel hayvan
modellerinde hangi semptomun ortaya çıktığını belirlemek için davranışsal test
yöntemleri kullanılmaktadır. Bu test yöntemlerinden prepulse inhibisyon ve yeni
obje tanıma testleri çoğunlukla kullanılmaktadır. Yeni obje tanıma testi
şizofreninin kognitif semptomlarıyla, prepulse inhibisyon testi ise pozitif
semptomlarıyla ilgilidir. Genetik, gelişimsel ve kimyasal modellerle
oluşturulan bu hastalığın temellerini kavrayabilmek ve yeni tedaviler
geliştirebilmek için deney hayvanı modellerinin geliştirilmesi ve daha geniş
çaplı çalışmalarda kullanılması gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bellek, deneysel hayvan modelleri, fizyopatoloji, genetik, şizofreni

Development of experimental schizophrenia models and evaluation of schizophrenia symptoms with tests

Öz

Schizophrenia, a
common and serious psychiatric disorder, affects 0.5% to 1% of the world
population. Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with complex
clinical findings due to various symptoms. While the etiology of schizophrenia is
unknown, it is thought that chemicals in the brain, structural differences and
genes have effects on the disease; environmental, psychological and social
factors are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis. The development of
experimental animal models allows for better understanding of the
physiopathology and neurobiological bases of this disease which cannot be
modeled in humans. As different experimental methods, genes such as calcineurin
and neuregulin in genetic models; prenatal stress in developmental models;
drugs such as dopaminergic agonist in pharmaceutical and chemical models;
hippocampal lesion is used in the production of experimental animal models. Low
energy, lack of motivation, delusion, hallucinations, inability to understand
and learning, memory attenuation etc. are known as symptoms of schizophrenia.
In experimental animal models produced by different methods, behavioral test
models are used to determine which symptoms occur. Among these test methods,
prepulse inhibition and new object recognition tests are mostly used. The new
object recognition test is related to the cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia
while the prepulse inhibition test is related to its positive symptoms. In
order to understand the basics of this disease, which is formed by genetic,
developmental and chemical models, and to develop new treatments, we reached a
conclusion that more advanced experimental animal models should be developed
and used in more comprehensive studies. 

Anahtar Kelimeler

Memory, experimental animal models, physiopathology, genetic, schizophrenia

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