The Role of Macedonian Folk Songs Featured in Macedonian Films in Amplifying the Emotions

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 1, 103 - 125, 30.06.2019

Marijana Markovıkj Eleonora Serafımovska Ganka Cvetanova Velika Stojkova Serafımovska

https://doi.org/10.33906/musicologist.527269

Öz

Macedonian folk songs, as a part of Macedonian
traditions and culture, represent an integral part of Macedonian history marked
by resistance, military feats, and tendencies for maintaining the Macedonian
national identity. This paper is focused on the issue of whether two Macedonian
folk songs With Torments I was Born and Listen Patriots created in the course
of the 19^th century – a period marked with active struggle for liberation and
independence of the Macedonian nation – additionally intensify the emotions
provoked by the storyline and action of the films, in which they have been
incorporated.

During the research process, the authors of
the paper used the mechanism of cognitive appraisal as a model for content
analysis, as well as psychological and ethnomusicological analysis of the
resulting data. The units of content analysis were the sequences of scenes of
the film, in which the two Macedonian folk songs were used. The selected songs
and films, as well as the interaction between the sound and visual senses,
clearly present the deep relationship between music and emotions in a specific,
identity-related context.

The findings of the study are in favor of the
thesis that Macedonian folk songs, created as a result of the centuries-old
struggle of the Macedonian people, when used in Macedonian films, intensify the
patriotic emotions of the viewers and strengthen the concept of uniqueness in
the Macedonian identity, due to the processes of repetition and revitalization
of collective memories.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Macedonian folk music, Macedonian films, Content analysis, Emotions

Kaynakça

• Assman, Jan. (1995). “Colective memory and Cultural identity”. New German Critique Cultural History/Cultural Studies. 65: 125-133.
• Czekanowska, Anna. (1996). “Continuity and Change in Eastern and Central European Traditional Music”. Retuning culture - Musical Changes in Central and Eastern Europe. Ed. Mark Slobin: pp. 92-98 . Durham and London: Duke University Press..
• Deliege, Irene, and Jane Davidson. (2011). Music and the Mind: Essays in Honour of John Sloboda. Oxford: Oxford University Press
• Frith, Simon. (2004). Popular Music: Music and Identity. New York: Routledge.
• Ilic, Marina. (2012). "War Propaganda: Influence of Patriotic Songs on Yugoslav Wars". Paper presented at: The Representation of War in Recent Conflicts: Aesthetic, Ethical and Political Issues. Brussels, Belgium, 22-23 November 2012.
• Juslin, Patrik, and Västfjäll, Daniel. (2008). "Emotional Responses to Music: The need to Consider Underlying" Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31(5): 559-621
• Lakoff, George; Johnson, Mark. (1980). Methaphors We Live By. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Langer, K. Sussane. (1942). Philosophy in a Key. New York: Mentor.
• Langer, K. Sussane. (1953). Feeling and Form. New York: Scribner’s.
• Lazarus, Richard; Folkman, Susan. (1984). Stress, Appraisal, and Coping. New York: Springer.
• Merriam, Allan P. (1964). The Anthropology of Music. Illinois: Northwestern University Press.
• Nettl, Bruno. (2015). The Study of Ethnomusicology: Thirty-Three Discussions. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
• Colby, B.N. (1989) [Review of the Book, The Cognitive Structure of Emotions by Andrew Ortony, Gerald Clore and Allan Collins]. Contemporary Sociology, 18(6): 957-958.
• Reisenzein, Rainer. (2006). "Arnold's Theory of Emotion in Historical Perspective." Cognition and Emotion. 20(7): 920-951.
• Rice, Timothy. (2007). “Reflection on music and identity in ethnomusicology”. MUZIKOLOGIJA. 7: 17-38
• Serafimovska, Eleonora; Markovikj, Marijana. (2017). "Personal experiencing of the Macedonian epic folksong" ANNUAL of ISPJR, XLI(1): 151-162.
• Sloboda, John. A. (1985). The Musical Mind: The Cognitive Psychology of Music. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Stojkova Serafimovska, Velika. (2014). “The Macedonian Vocal Music Tradition in the Process of Social Transition” PhD dissertation, University of Sts. Cyril and Methodius, Skopje: Macedonia.
• Schrerer, Klaus. R. (1998). "Criteria for Emotion-Antecedent Appraisal: A Review." Cognitive Perspectives on Emotion and Motivation, Ed. Vernon Hamilton; Gordon H Bower and Nico H Frijda: pp. 89-126. Dordrecht: Springer.
• Schrerer, Klaus. R. (2005). "What are Emotions? And how can They be Measured?" Social Science Information, 44(4): 695–729.
• Wirth, Werner; Holger Schramm. (2005). "Media and Emotions" Communication Research Trends (24)3:3-37
• Asafyev, Boris (1987). О народной музыке [About folk music]. Leningrad: Muzyka.
• Cvetanova, Ganka. (2017). Културните разлики и општествената интеграција – Македонија пред и по Рамковниот договор.[Cultural differences and social integration - Macedonia before and after the Framework Agreement] Skopje: Institute for Economic Strategies and International Relations – Ohrid.
• Healing Collective Trauma. (n.d.) Retrieved from http://www.healingcollectivetrauma.com/# (accessed April 11, 2018).
• Anastasija. (1994). So maki sum se rodil. [Recorded by PolyGram]. On Before The Rain - Original Motion Picture Soundtrack. [CD]. Holland: PolyGram. [With Torments I was Born]
• Lazarova-Dimitrova, Vanja (1973). So maki sum se rodil. [Recorded by PGB-RTB]. On Na gosti ti dojdov Kito Mome. [Vinil 7”]. Jugoslavija: PGB-RTB. [Vanja Lazarova-Dimitrova (1973). With Torments I was Born. [Recorded by PGB-RTB]. On I come to visit you Kito. [Vilil 7”]. Yugoslavija: PGB-RTB.]
• Čalgija (1969). Poslusajte patrioti. [Recorded by Jugoton]. On Makedonske Narodne Pjesme Pjeva l Svira Ansambl Čalgija. [Vinil 7’’]. Jugoslavija: Jugoton. [Chalgia (1969). Listen Patriots. [Recorded by Jugoton]. On Macedonian Folk Songs Sings and Play Orcestre Chalgia.[Vinil 7”], Yugoslavija: Jugoton]
• Baschet, Marc (Producer) &. Mancevski, Milcho (Director). (1994). Before the Rain. [Motion Picture]. Italy: Mikado Film, US: Gramercy Pictures, UK: Electric Film, Germany: Pandora, Japan: Daiei, Brazi: Lumiere (Brazil), Macedonia:Vardar Film.
• Altanaj, Erbil (Producer) & Mihajlovski, Jovica (Director). (1996). Suicide Guide. [Motion picture]. Macedonia: Vardar Film.
• Kamberski, Jovo (Producer), Mimica, Vatroslav (Director). (1971). Makedonskiot del od pekolot [Macedonian Part of Hell]. [Motion picture]. Yugoslavija: Vardar Film.