Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter Type 2 Inhibitors: New Option in The Treatment of Diabetes

Yıl 2018, Cilt: 6 Sayı: 3, 122 - 139, 13.12.2018

Uğur Alp Göksu

Öz

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic progressive

disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality.

Although there are many treatment options for diabetes

treatment, but only about half of the individuals can reach

the target glucose values. Some of the antidiabetic drugs

have side effects like hypoglicemia and weight gain. In

some of the antidiabetic drug side effect of hypoglycemia

and weight gain is observed. Due to such unwanted side

effects; there is a increasing interest in new drugs that act

independently of insülin, and also tolerated compared to

conventional treatment modalities. The renal sodum

glucose co-transporter type 2 (SGLT2) is responsible for

reabsorption of most of the glucose filtered by the kidney.

SGLT2 ihbitors such as dapagliflozin, canagliflozin and

empagliflozin, decrease renal glucose reabsorption,

enhanced urinary glucose excretion. As a result of these,

plasma glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin values are

decrease. Also reductions in weight and blood pressure

have been observed. Recent studies have shown

beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases. SGLT2

inhibitors are generally well tolerated and safety drugs.

Used as monotherapy or in combination with other

antidiabetic and insülin. The risk of developing

hypoglycemia is low during use of the SGLT2 inhibitors.

Due to increased glucose excretion in the urine, genital

fungal infections and urinary tract infections can ocur,

especially in women. The evidence obtained in clinical

trials; shoved that the SGLT2 inhibitors is a new option for

the treatment of T2DM.

Key words: type 2 diabetes mellitus, sodyum glucose cotransporter

type 2 inhibitors, renal, efficacy.

Sodyum Glukoz Ko-Transporter Tip 2 İnhibitörleri: Diyabet Tedavisinde Yeni Seçenek

Öz

Tip
2 Diyabetes Mellitus(T2DM) önemli oranda mortalite ve morbiditiye neden olan
kronik ilerleyici bir hastalıktır. Diyabet tedavisinde çok sayıda tedavi
seçeneği olmasına rağmen, bireylerin ancak yarısında hedef glukoz değerlerine
ulaşılabilmektedir. Antidiyabetik ilaçların bir kısmında yan etki olarak
hipoglisemi ve kilo alımı görülmektedir. Bu gibi istenmeyen yan etkilerden
dolayı; insülinden bağımsız etki edebilecek ve aynı zamanda klasik tedavi
yöntemleriyle karşılaştırıldığında tolere edilebilecek yeni ilaçlara ilgi
artmaktadır. Sodyum glukoz ko-transporter tip 2(SGLT2) böbreklerde filtre
edilen glukozun çoğunun reabsorbe edilmesinden sorumludur. SGLT2 inhibitörleri,
dapagliflozin, canagliflozin ve empagliflozin, böbrek glukoz reabsorbsiyonu
azaltarak, idrarla glukoz atılımını artırırılar. Sonuçta, plazma glukoz ve
glikolize hemoglobin değerlerinde azalmaya neden olurlar. Ayrıca kilo kaybı ve
kan basıncında azalma görülür. SGLT2 inhibitörleri genelde iyi tolere edilen ve
güvenli ilaçlardır. Monoterapi veya diğer oral antidiyabetik ilaçlar ve
insülinle kombine kullanılabilirler. SGLT2 inhibitörlerin kullanımı sırasında
hipoglisemi gelişme riski düşüktür. İdrarda glukoz atılımın artmasına bağlı
olarak, kadınlarda daha fazla olmak üzere, genital mantar enfeksiyonu ile
üriner sistem enfeksiyonu görülebilir. Klinik çalışmalarda elde edilen
kanıtlar; SGLT2 inhibitörlerinin T2DM için yeni bir seçenek olduğunu
göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

diyabetes mellitus tip 2, sodyum glukoz ko- transporter tip 2 inhibitörleri, böbrek

Kaynakça

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