Variköz Ven Hastalarında Doku Eser Element Düzeylerinin Atomik Absorbsiyon Spektrometresi ile Tayini

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 7, 22.04.2019

Devrim Sarıbal Eyüp Murat Kanber

Öz

Amaç: Alt ekstremite variköz
ven varlığı dünyada çok sayıda kişiyi etkileyen bir patolojidir. Etyolojisinde
mekanik ve intrinsik faktörlerin varlığı ileri sürülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile,
variköz ven dokularında eser elementler Zn, Cu ve Fe düzeyinin ölçümüyle lokal
etkenler konusunda bir değerlendirme yapmayı amaçladık.

Materyal ve Metod:
Çalışmamız alt ekstremitede primer varis tanısı nedeniyle opere edilecek 40 kişi
ve koroner arter bypass greft operasyonu geçirecek, sağlıklı Vena safena
magnaya sahip 40 kişi olmak üzere 80 birey üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Alınan
ven doku örneklerinde eser elementlerden Zn, Cu ve Fe ölçümleri yapıldı.

Bulgular: Kontrol
grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında Zn düzeyleri çalışma grubunda istatistiksel
olarak anlamı seviyede düşük, Fe düzeyleri ise anlamlı olarak yüksek
saptanmıştır. Cu düzeyleri çalışma grubunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla yüksek
olmasına rağmen, bu fark anlamlı değildir. Çalışma grubunda, eser elementler
açısından herhangi bir korelasyon gözlenmemiştir.

Sonuç: Variköz
ven grubu doku örneklerinde düşük saptanan Zn düzeylerinin azalmış antioksidan
aktivite ile ilişkili olduğu düşünülmüştür. Artan Cu düzeyi ise, artmış
kollajen ve elastin yapımı nedenli olabilir. Çalışma grubunda dokularda artmış
Fe birikiminin, hasarlı dokuya çökerek oksidatif stresi tetiklediğini de
düşünmekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler

variköz ven, eser element, demir, bakır

Determination of Tissue Trace Element Levels with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry in Varicose Vein Patients

Öz

Objective: The
presence of varicose veins in the lower extremities is a pathology affecting
many people in the world. In the etiology, presence of mechanical and intrinsic
factors is suggested. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the local factors by
measuring trace elements, Zn, Cu and Fe levels in varicose vein tissue samples.

Materials and Methods: Our
study was carried out on 40 subjects, 40 of whom were operated for coronary
artery bypass graft having healthy saphenous vein, and 40 with primary varicose
veins in lower extremity. Zn, Cu and Fe were measured in venous tissue samples.

Results: Zn
levels were significantly lower in the study group whereas Fe levels were
significantly higher in the study group compared to the control group. Although
Cu levels were higher in the study group compared to the control group, this
difference was not significant. In the study group, no correlation was observed
in terms of trace element levels.

Conclusion: Low
levels of Zn in tissue samples were thought to be associated with decreased
antioxidant activity. Increased Cu level may be due to increased collagen and
elastin production. We assume that increased Fe accumulation in tissues in the
study group was triggered oxidative stress by adsorbing on the damaged tissue.

Anahtar Kelimeler

varicose vein, trace elements, iron, copper, zinc

Kaynakça

• Referans1. O'Flynn N, Vaughan M, Kelley K. Diagnosis and management of varicose veins in the legs: NICE guideline. Br J Gen Pract. 2014;64(623):314-5.
• Referans2. Hamdan A. Management of varicose veins and venous insufficiency.JAMA. 2012; 308:2612–2621.
• Referans3. Callam MJ. Epidemiology of varicose veins. Br J Surg. 1994;81(2):167-73. Referans4. Jacobs BN, Andraska EA, Obi AT, Wakefield TW. Pathophysiology of varicose veins. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2017;5(3):460-467.
• Referans5. Chen Y, Peng W, Raffetto JD, Khalil RA. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Remodeling of Lower Extremity Veins and Chronic Venous Disease. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci. 2017;147:267-299.
• Referans6. Singh AV, Subhashree L, Milani P, Gemmati D, Zamboni P. Interplay of iron metallobiology, metalloproteinases, and FXIII, and role of their gene variants in venous leg ulcer. Int J Low Extrem Wounds. 2010;9(4):166-79. Referans7. Rusak A, Karuga-Kuźniewska E, Wiatrak B, Szymonowicz M, Stolarski M, Radwan-Oczko M, Wiglusz RJ, Pohl P, Rybak Z. Venous insufficiency: Differences in the content of trace elements. A preliminary report. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2018;27(5):695-701.
• Referans8. Szauter KM, Cao T, Boyd CD, et al. Lysyl oxidase in development, aging and pathologies of the skin. Pathol Biol (Paris) 2005; 53: 448–456.
• Referans9. Kubaszewski Ł, Zioła-Frankowska A, Frankowski M, et al. Atomic absorption spectrometry analysis of trace elements in degenerated intervertebral disc tissue. Med Sci Monit. 2014;20:2157-64.
• Referans10. Krzyściak W, Kowalska J, Kózka M, Papież MA, Kwiatek WM. Iron content (PIXE) in competent and incompetent veins is related to the vein wall morphology and tissue antioxidant enzymes. Bioelectrochemistry. 2012;87:114-23.
• Referans11. Poredos P, Spirkoska A, Rucigaj T, Fareed J, Jezovnik MK. Do Blood Constituents in Varicose Veins Differ From the Systemic Blood Constituents? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2015;50(2):250-6.
• Referans12. Zamboni P, Scapoli G, Lanzara V, Izzo M, Fortini P, Legnaro R, Palazzo A, Tognazzo S, Gemmati D. Serum Iron and Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 Variations in Limbs Affected by Chronic Venous Disease and Venous Leg Ulcers. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31(6):644-9.
• Referans13. Nanami M, Ookawara T, Otaki Y, Ito K, Moriguchi R, Miyagawa K, Hasuike Y, Izumi M, Eguchi H, Suzuki K, Nakanishi T. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced iron sequestration and oxidative stress in human endothelial cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2005;25(12):2495-501.
• Referans14. Zamboni P, Lanzara S, Mascoli F, Caggiati A, Liboni A. Inflammation in venous disease.Int Angiol. 2008;27(5):361-9.
• Referans15. Osredkar J, Sustar N. Copper and zinc, biological role and significance of copper/zinc imbalance. J Clinic Toxicol. 2011;S3:001.
• Referans16. Takase S, Pascarella L, Lerond L, Bergan JJ, Schmid-Shönbein GW. Venous hypertension, inflammation and valve remodeling. Eur J Endovasc Surg. 2004;28:484-493.
• Referans17. MacColl E, Khalil RA. Matrix Metalloproteinases as Regulators of Vein Structure and Function: Implications in Chronic Venous Disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2015;355(3):410-28.
• Referans18. Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Azizollahi GH, Baneshi MR, Safari Z, Azizollahi S. Effect of folic acid and zinc sulphate on endocrine parameters and seminal antioxidant level after varicocelectomy. Andrologia. 2014;46(3):240-5. Referans19. Bonham M, O'Connor JM, Hannigan BM, Strain JJ. The immune system as a physiological indicator of marginal copper status? Br J Nutr. 2002;87(5):393-403.
• Referans20. Raffetto JD, Khalil RA. Mechanisms of varicose vein formation: valve dysfunction and wall dilation. Phlebology. 2008;23(2):85-98.
• Referans21. Zamboni P. The big idea: iron-dependent inflammation in venous disease and proposed parallels in multiple sclerosis. J R Soc Med. 2006;99(11):589-93.