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The Effect of Supplemental Irrigation on the Yield and Quality of Barley in Semi-arid Conditions

Yıl 2018, 1. Uluslararası Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 435 - 443, 31.12.2018

Öz

This research was carried out aim to assess the most appropriate supplementary irrigation program (TS) for barley in Harran Plain conditions during the 2012-2013 production season. In the study, effects of applied irrigation on consideration of the different phenological development periods of the plant were evaluated on yield, quality, yield components, water consumption (ET) and water use efficiency. For this purpose, 9 different irrigation programs were applied considering three different growth stages of barley (stem elongation, heading and milk stage). As a result of the research, complementary irrigation made up stem elongation, heading, milk stage gave the highest yield. The irrigation water requirement of this treatment was 289 mm, the water consumption was 514 mm and the yield was 569 kg da-1. Through the growth season of the one-time irrigated treatments, maximum yield was obtained from irrigated during the heading period, through the two times irrigated treatments, maximum yield was obtained from irrigated during the heading and milk stage periods. The thousand kernel-weights of experimental treatments varied between  38.3 g and 48.2 g, water use efficiencies were between 0.18 kg m-3 and 0.93 kg m-3 and irrigation water use efficiencies were between is 0.38 kg m-3 and 1.63 kg m-3. Protein ratios of the treatments were between %9.4 and %11.1, cellulose ratios were between %6.1 and %7.2. 

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Awwad, M. and Kharabsheh, A. 2000. Influence of supplemental irrigation and soil surface furrowing on barley yield in arid areas affected by surface crust. Journal of Arid Environments, 46:227-237.
  • Alikhasi, M., Kouchakzadeh, M., Tavakoli, A., Tahmasebi, R. and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. 2014. Evaluation of rainwater harvesting system and supplemental irrigation effect on yield and yield components in barley. Ecology Environment and Conservation; 20, 3; 887-897
  • Cossani, C.M., Slafer, G.A. and Savin, R. 2009. Yield and biomass in wheat and barleyunder a range of conditions in a Mediterranean site. Field Crops Res. 112,205–213.
  • Day, W., Lawlor, D.W. and Day, A.T. 1987. The Effect of drought on barley yield andwater use in two contrasting years. Irrig. Sci. 8, 115–130.
  • Francia, E., Tondelli, A., Rizza, F., Badeck, F.W., Nicosia, O.L.D., Akar, T., Grando, S., Al-Yassin, A., Benbelkacem, A., Thomas, W.T.B., van Eeuwijk, F., Romagosa, I., Stanca, A.M. and Pecchioni, N. 2011. Determinants of barley grain yield in a wide range of Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Res. 120, 169–178.
  • Gençtan, T. ve Sağlam, N. 1987. Ekim zamanı ve ekim sıklığının üç ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde verim ve verim unsurlarına etkisi. Türkiye Tahıl Sempozyumu, 6-9 Ekim. Bursa. s. 171-183.
  • Howell, T.A., Hiler, E.A., Redel and D.L, 1975. Optimization of water use efficiency under high frequency irrigation. II. System simulation and dynamic programming: evapotranspiration and yield relationship. Trans. ASAE 18 (5), 8793–8887.
  • Howell, T.A., Cuenca, R.H. and Solomon, K.H. 1990. Crop Yield Response. Manegement of Farm Irrigation Systems, Edit. G.J. Hoffman., T.A. Howell., K.H. Solomon. Chap. 5. An ASAE Monograph, s. 93-116, St. Joseph, MI.
  • İlbeyi, A., Üstün, H., Oweis, T., Pala, M. and Benli, B. 2006. Wheat water productivity and yield in a cool highland environment: effect of early sowing with supplemental irrigation. Agric. Water Manage. 82, 399–410.
  • Garrity, P.D., Watts, D.G., Sullivnan,C.Y. and Gilley,J.R. 1982. Moisture Deficits and Grain Sorghum Performance; Evapotranspiration-Yield Relation Ships. Agrom.J.77: 815-820.
  • Kijne, J.W., Barker, R. and Molden, D. 2003. Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
  • Korkut, K. Z., Sağlam, N. ve Başer, İ. 1993. Ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdaylarda verimi etkileyen bazı özellikler üzerine araştırmalar. Trakya Üniv. Zir. Fak. Der. 2 (2):111-118.
  • Mueller, N., Gerber, J.S., Johnston, M. ve Ray, D.K., Ramankutty, N. ve Foley, J.A. 2012. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature 490, 254–257.
  • Mahmood, A., Oweis, T., Ashraf M., Majid, A., Aftab, M., Aadal, N.K. and Ahmad, I. 2015. Performance of improved practices in farmers’ fields under rainfed and supplemental irrigation systems in a semi-arid area of Pakistan. Agri. Water Manag. 155: 1–10.
  • Oweis, T., Ziedan H., and Taimeh A. 1992. Modeling approach for optimizing supplemental irrigation management. Proc. Int. Conf. on Supplementary Irrigation and Drought Water Management, Valenzano, Italy. 27 Sept.–2 Oct. 1992. Inst. Medit. Agron., Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
  • Oweis, T. 1994. Supplemental irrigation: An option for improved water use efficiency. p. 115–131. In Proc. Regional Seminar on the Optimization of Irrigation in Agriculture, Amman, Jordan. 21–24 Nov. 1994.
  • Oweis, T.Y., Pala, M. and Ryan, J. 1999. Management alternatives for improved durum wheat production under supplemental irrigation in Syria. Eur. J. Agron. 11, 255–266.
  • Oweis T., Zhang, H. and Pala, M. 2000. Water use efficiency of rainfed and ırrigated bread wheat in a Mediterranean Environment. Agron. J. 92:231–238.
  • Oweis, T. and Hachum, A. 2006. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agric. Water Manag. 80, 57–73.
  • Perrier, E.R. and Salkini A.B. 1991. Supplemental irrigation in the Near East and North Africa. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Netherlands.
  • Passioura, J. 2006. Increasing crop productivity when water is scarce – from breeding to field management. Agric. Water Manage. 80, 176–196.
  • Rijsberman, F.R. 2006. Water scarcity: fact or fiction? Agric. Water Manage. 80, 5–22.
  • Rockstrom, J., Habtibu, N., Oweis, T., Wani, S. and Farahani, F. 2007. Managing water in rainfed agriculture. In: Molden, D. (Ed.), Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water.
  • Sharma K.R. and Sharma, V. 2015. Supplemental irrigation from harvested rainwater to enhance yield and economic returns from wheat in sub-montane region of Jammu, India. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 14(3): 219-226.
  • Szira, F., Bálint, A.F., Börner, A. and Galiba, G. 2008. Evaluation of drought-relatedtraits and screening methods at different developmental stages in springbarley. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 194, 334–342.
  • Thameur, A., Lachihe, B. and Ferchichi, A. 2012. Drought effect on growth, gasexchange and yield, in two strains of local barley Ardhaoui, under water deficitconditions in southern Tunisia. J. Environ. Manag. 113, 495–500.
  • Yau, S.K. and Ryan, J. 2013. Differential impacts of climate variability on yields ofrainfed barley and legumes in semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. Arch.Acker. Pfl. Boden. 59, 1659–1674.
  • Zhang, H., T. Oweis, S. Garabet, and Pala, M. 1998. Water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency of wheat under rainfed and irrigation conditions in a Mediterranean environment. Plant Soil 201:295–305.

Yarı Kurak Koşullarda Tamamlayıcı Sulamanın Arpada Verim ve Kaliteye Etkisi

Yıl 2018, 1. Uluslararası Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Kongresi Özel Sayısı, 435 - 443, 31.12.2018

Öz

Bu
araştırma, 2012-2013 üretim sezonunda Harran Ovası koşullarında arpa için en
uygun tamamlayıcı sulama (TS) programını belirlemek amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Araştırmada,
yetişme mevsimi boyunca bitkinin fenolojik gelişme dönemleri göz önüne alınarak,
uygulanan tamamlayıcı sulamaların arpada verim, kalite, verim bileşenleri,
bitki su tüketimi, (ET) ve su kullanım randımanı üzerine etkileri
irdelenmiştir. Bu amaçla bitkinin üç farklı büyüme dönemi dikkate alınarak
(sapa kalkma, başaklanma ve süt olum) 9 farklı sulama programı uygulanmıştır.
Araştırma en yüksek verim, sapa kalkma, başaklanma ve süt olum dönemlerinde üç
kez sulanan konudan elde edilmiştir. Bu konuya 289 mm sulama suyu uygulanırken su
tüketimi 514 mm ve verimi 569 kg da-1 olmuştur. Yetişme dönemi boyunca
bir defa sulanan konulardan en yüksek verim başaklanma dönemi sulanan konudan,
iki defa sulanan konulardan ise en yüksek verim başaklanma ve süt olum
dönemleri sulanan konulardan elde edilmiştir. Deneme konularının bin dane
ağırlıkları 38.3 g ile 48.2 g arasında, su kullanım randımanları 0.91 kg m-3
ile 2.64 kg m-3 arasında sulama suyu kullanım randımanları ise 0.30
kg m-3 ile 1.63 kg m-3 arasında değişirken, protein
içerikleri %9.4 ile %11.1 arasında selüloz oranları %6.1 ile %7.2 arasında değişmiştir.

Kaynakça

  • Abu-Awwad, M. and Kharabsheh, A. 2000. Influence of supplemental irrigation and soil surface furrowing on barley yield in arid areas affected by surface crust. Journal of Arid Environments, 46:227-237.
  • Alikhasi, M., Kouchakzadeh, M., Tavakoli, A., Tahmasebi, R. and Mokhtassi-Bidgoli, A. 2014. Evaluation of rainwater harvesting system and supplemental irrigation effect on yield and yield components in barley. Ecology Environment and Conservation; 20, 3; 887-897
  • Cossani, C.M., Slafer, G.A. and Savin, R. 2009. Yield and biomass in wheat and barleyunder a range of conditions in a Mediterranean site. Field Crops Res. 112,205–213.
  • Day, W., Lawlor, D.W. and Day, A.T. 1987. The Effect of drought on barley yield andwater use in two contrasting years. Irrig. Sci. 8, 115–130.
  • Francia, E., Tondelli, A., Rizza, F., Badeck, F.W., Nicosia, O.L.D., Akar, T., Grando, S., Al-Yassin, A., Benbelkacem, A., Thomas, W.T.B., van Eeuwijk, F., Romagosa, I., Stanca, A.M. and Pecchioni, N. 2011. Determinants of barley grain yield in a wide range of Mediterranean environments. Field Crops Res. 120, 169–178.
  • Gençtan, T. ve Sağlam, N. 1987. Ekim zamanı ve ekim sıklığının üç ekmeklik buğday çeşidinde verim ve verim unsurlarına etkisi. Türkiye Tahıl Sempozyumu, 6-9 Ekim. Bursa. s. 171-183.
  • Howell, T.A., Hiler, E.A., Redel and D.L, 1975. Optimization of water use efficiency under high frequency irrigation. II. System simulation and dynamic programming: evapotranspiration and yield relationship. Trans. ASAE 18 (5), 8793–8887.
  • Howell, T.A., Cuenca, R.H. and Solomon, K.H. 1990. Crop Yield Response. Manegement of Farm Irrigation Systems, Edit. G.J. Hoffman., T.A. Howell., K.H. Solomon. Chap. 5. An ASAE Monograph, s. 93-116, St. Joseph, MI.
  • İlbeyi, A., Üstün, H., Oweis, T., Pala, M. and Benli, B. 2006. Wheat water productivity and yield in a cool highland environment: effect of early sowing with supplemental irrigation. Agric. Water Manage. 82, 399–410.
  • Garrity, P.D., Watts, D.G., Sullivnan,C.Y. and Gilley,J.R. 1982. Moisture Deficits and Grain Sorghum Performance; Evapotranspiration-Yield Relation Ships. Agrom.J.77: 815-820.
  • Kijne, J.W., Barker, R. and Molden, D. 2003. Water productivity in agriculture: limits and opportunities for improvement. CAB International, Wallingford, UK.
  • Korkut, K. Z., Sağlam, N. ve Başer, İ. 1993. Ekmeklik ve makarnalık buğdaylarda verimi etkileyen bazı özellikler üzerine araştırmalar. Trakya Üniv. Zir. Fak. Der. 2 (2):111-118.
  • Mueller, N., Gerber, J.S., Johnston, M. ve Ray, D.K., Ramankutty, N. ve Foley, J.A. 2012. Closing yield gaps through nutrient and water management. Nature 490, 254–257.
  • Mahmood, A., Oweis, T., Ashraf M., Majid, A., Aftab, M., Aadal, N.K. and Ahmad, I. 2015. Performance of improved practices in farmers’ fields under rainfed and supplemental irrigation systems in a semi-arid area of Pakistan. Agri. Water Manag. 155: 1–10.
  • Oweis, T., Ziedan H., and Taimeh A. 1992. Modeling approach for optimizing supplemental irrigation management. Proc. Int. Conf. on Supplementary Irrigation and Drought Water Management, Valenzano, Italy. 27 Sept.–2 Oct. 1992. Inst. Medit. Agron., Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
  • Oweis, T. 1994. Supplemental irrigation: An option for improved water use efficiency. p. 115–131. In Proc. Regional Seminar on the Optimization of Irrigation in Agriculture, Amman, Jordan. 21–24 Nov. 1994.
  • Oweis, T.Y., Pala, M. and Ryan, J. 1999. Management alternatives for improved durum wheat production under supplemental irrigation in Syria. Eur. J. Agron. 11, 255–266.
  • Oweis T., Zhang, H. and Pala, M. 2000. Water use efficiency of rainfed and ırrigated bread wheat in a Mediterranean Environment. Agron. J. 92:231–238.
  • Oweis, T. and Hachum, A. 2006. Water harvesting and supplemental irrigation for improved water productivity of dry farming systems in West Asia and North Africa. Agric. Water Manag. 80, 57–73.
  • Perrier, E.R. and Salkini A.B. 1991. Supplemental irrigation in the Near East and North Africa. Kluwer Acad. Publ., Netherlands.
  • Passioura, J. 2006. Increasing crop productivity when water is scarce – from breeding to field management. Agric. Water Manage. 80, 176–196.
  • Rijsberman, F.R. 2006. Water scarcity: fact or fiction? Agric. Water Manage. 80, 5–22.
  • Rockstrom, J., Habtibu, N., Oweis, T., Wani, S. and Farahani, F. 2007. Managing water in rainfed agriculture. In: Molden, D. (Ed.), Water for Food, Water for Life: A Comprehensive Assessment of Water.
  • Sharma K.R. and Sharma, V. 2015. Supplemental irrigation from harvested rainwater to enhance yield and economic returns from wheat in sub-montane region of Jammu, India. Journal of Soil & Water Conservation 14(3): 219-226.
  • Szira, F., Bálint, A.F., Börner, A. and Galiba, G. 2008. Evaluation of drought-relatedtraits and screening methods at different developmental stages in springbarley. J. Agron. Crop Sci. 194, 334–342.
  • Thameur, A., Lachihe, B. and Ferchichi, A. 2012. Drought effect on growth, gasexchange and yield, in two strains of local barley Ardhaoui, under water deficitconditions in southern Tunisia. J. Environ. Manag. 113, 495–500.
  • Yau, S.K. and Ryan, J. 2013. Differential impacts of climate variability on yields ofrainfed barley and legumes in semi-arid Mediterranean conditions. Arch.Acker. Pfl. Boden. 59, 1659–1674.
  • Zhang, H., T. Oweis, S. Garabet, and Pala, M. 1998. Water use efficiency and transpiration efficiency of wheat under rainfed and irrigation conditions in a Mediterranean environment. Plant Soil 201:295–305.
Toplam 28 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Ziraat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Araştıma
Yazarlar

Nida Yıldız Bu kişi benim

Ali Fuat Tarı

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2018
Gönderilme Tarihi 7 Aralık 2018
Kabul Tarihi 15 Aralık 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2018 1. Uluslararası Tarımsal Yapılar ve Sulama Kongresi Özel Sayısı

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldız, N., & Tarı, A. F. (2018). Yarı Kurak Koşullarda Tamamlayıcı Sulamanın Arpada Verim ve Kaliteye Etkisi. Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi435-443.