Araştırma Makalesi
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İZLEK BAĞIMLILIĞI TEORİSİ VE YAPAY ZEKÂ TEKNOLOJİSİNE GEÇİŞ: HİZMET ENDÜSTRİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 36, 165 - 190, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.443051

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, yapay zekâ teknolojisinin
getireceği değişim, yenilik ve dönüşüm süreçlerinin ilk evrelerinde ortaya
çıkan tedirginliğin oluşturucu dinamiklerini, sebeplerini ve aynı zamanda
beklentileri, algıları ve kısıtları araştırmaktır. Bu teknolojinin henüz
tarihsel bir geçmişi olmadığından, bu makale izlek bağımlılığı teorisinin
evrimsel ve dizileme analizlerinden ziyade, artan geri dönüşler analizine
odaklanmaktadır. Bu çalışma araştırma bulgularını üç açıdan analiz etmektedir:
(1) Teknoloji, yenilikler ve teknolojik değişim; (2) Geçmiş bilgi ve bilgi
tabanı, geçmiş tecrübeler, izlenimler, kültür, algılar, tercihler ve yetiler;
(3) Rutinler ve rutinler bütünü ile düzenli işleyen ve kurumu mevcut izlekte
tutan işler ve süreçler. Çalışma şu sorun alanları ortaya tanımlamaktadır: (1)
Sanayi 4.0 hakkında bilgi eksikliğinin söz konusu olması, (2) Değişimin nasıl
ve ne biçimde olacağının öngörülememesi, (3) Uyum problemleri, (4) Altyapısal
problemler, (5) Yeni teknolojinin maliyeti, (6) Aktörlerin yeni teknolojiye
geçişte istek ve niyetleri, (7) Çalışanları yapay zeka ve büyük veri üzerine
eğitime ihtiyacı.

Kaynakça

  • Amenta, Edwin (2016). “Historical Institutionalism”. Ed. A. Edwin, K. Nash, & A. Scott, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Aminzade, Ronald (1992). “Historical Sociology and Time”. Sociological Methods & Research, S. 20, s. 456-480.
  • Arthur, W. Brian (1994). Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. University of Michigan Press.
  • Business Insider (2015). “8 Industries Robots Will Completely Transform by 2025”, https://www.businessinsider.com/robot-ai-industries-2015-12, (Erişim: 13 Eylül 2018)
  • Crouch, Colin ve Henry Farrell (2004). “Breaking the Path of Institutional Development? Alternatives to the New Determinism”. Rationality and Society, S. 16, s. 5-43.
  • Economist (2017). Hoteliers Would Like to Employ More Robots: Science Friction. https://0-search-proquest-com.seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr/docview/1866360099?accountid=9645, (Erişim: 13 Eylül 2018).
  • Greener, Ian (2004). “Theorising Path Dependence: How Does History Come to Matter in Organisations, and What Can We Do About It?” Working Paper. Department of Management Studies, University of York, York.
  • Hacker, Jacob S. (2002). The Divided Welfare State: The Battle Over Public and Private Social Benefits in The United States. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hall, Peter ve David Soskice (2001) (ed.). Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hathaway, Oona (2001). “Path Dependency in the Law: The Courts and Pattern of Legal Change in a Common Law System”. Iowa L Rev, S. 86, s. 601-665.
  • Karl, Terry Lynn (1999). “The Perils of the Petro-State: Reflections on the Paradox of Plenty”. Journal of International Affairs, S. 53, s. 31-48.
  • Mahoney, James (2000). “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology”. Theory and Society, S. 29, s. 507-548.
  • Pierson, Paul (2011). Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton University Press.
  • Makridakis, Spyros (2017). “The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms”. Futures, s. 90, s. 46-60.
  • Nooteboom, Bart (1997). “Path Dependence of Knowledge: Implications for the Theory of the Firm”. L Magnusson and J Ottoson (eds), Evolutionary Economics and Path-dependence. Edward Elgar Publishing, s. 57 - 78.
  • North, Douglas C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Peters, B. Guys vd. (2005). “The Politics of Path Dependency: Political Conflict in Historical Institutionalism”. The Journal of Politics, S. 67, s. 1275-1300.
  • Pierson, Paul (2000). “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics”. American Political Science Review, S. 94, s. 251-267.
  • Pfiffer, Sabine (2017). “The Vision of “Industrie 4.0” in the Making—a Case of Future Told, Tamed, and Traded”. Nanoethics, S. 11, s. 107-121.
  • Sewell, William (1996). “Three Temporalities: Toward an Eventful Sociology”. The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, S. 98, s. 245-280.
  • Shelton, Brett ve Çiğdem Uz (2014). “Immersive Technology and the Elderly: A Mini-Review”. Gerontology, S. 61, s. 175-185.
  • Somers, R. Margaret (1998). “`We’re No Angels: Realism, Rational Choice, and Relationality in Social Science’. American Journal of Sociology, S. 104, s. 768-769.
  • Tilly, Charles (1994). “The Time of States”. Social Research, S. 61, s. 270.

Path Dependency Theory and the Shift to Artificial Intelligences: An Analysis on the Service Industry

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 36, 165 - 190, 31.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.443051

Öz

Based on the path-dependency theory, this
article provides an increasing return analysis on the artificial intelligence
technology. Since this new technology has yet lacked a historical background,
this article focuses on increasing returns analysis rather than the
evolutionary and sequence analyses of the path dependency theory. This article
aims to analyze the constitutive dynamics and reasons of anxiety; as well as,
expectations, perceptions and constraints emerged during the early phases of
innovation and change. Therefore, this article enables us to understand the
reasons of path dependency, by focusing on constraints, concerns and anxieties
towards innovation and change. This article analyzes the research data with the
following three aspects: (1) Technology, innovations and technological change;
(2) Past knowledge and knowledge base, past experiences, impressions, culture,
perceptions, preferences, and abilities; (3) Operations and processes that
operate regularly with routines. This article is based on the document analysis
and qualitative analysis qualified with 10 face-to-face interviews with service
industry professionals. This article reveals the following problem areas: (1)
The lack of information about Industry 4.0, (2) That the change is unforeseeable
and unpredictable, (3) Adaptation problems and (4) Infrastructural problems,
(5) The cost of new technology, (6) The desire and will of the actors to new
technology, (7) The need for training of employees in the field of artificial
intelligence and big data.

Kaynakça

  • Amenta, Edwin (2016). “Historical Institutionalism”. Ed. A. Edwin, K. Nash, & A. Scott, The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Political Sociology, John Wiley & Sons.
  • Aminzade, Ronald (1992). “Historical Sociology and Time”. Sociological Methods & Research, S. 20, s. 456-480.
  • Arthur, W. Brian (1994). Increasing Returns and Path Dependence in the Economy. University of Michigan Press.
  • Business Insider (2015). “8 Industries Robots Will Completely Transform by 2025”, https://www.businessinsider.com/robot-ai-industries-2015-12, (Erişim: 13 Eylül 2018)
  • Crouch, Colin ve Henry Farrell (2004). “Breaking the Path of Institutional Development? Alternatives to the New Determinism”. Rationality and Society, S. 16, s. 5-43.
  • Economist (2017). Hoteliers Would Like to Employ More Robots: Science Friction. https://0-search-proquest-com.seyhan.library.boun.edu.tr/docview/1866360099?accountid=9645, (Erişim: 13 Eylül 2018).
  • Greener, Ian (2004). “Theorising Path Dependence: How Does History Come to Matter in Organisations, and What Can We Do About It?” Working Paper. Department of Management Studies, University of York, York.
  • Hacker, Jacob S. (2002). The Divided Welfare State: The Battle Over Public and Private Social Benefits in The United States. Cambridge University Press.
  • Hall, Peter ve David Soskice (2001) (ed.). Varieties of Capitalism: The Institutional Foundations of Comparative Advantage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Hathaway, Oona (2001). “Path Dependency in the Law: The Courts and Pattern of Legal Change in a Common Law System”. Iowa L Rev, S. 86, s. 601-665.
  • Karl, Terry Lynn (1999). “The Perils of the Petro-State: Reflections on the Paradox of Plenty”. Journal of International Affairs, S. 53, s. 31-48.
  • Mahoney, James (2000). “Path Dependence in Historical Sociology”. Theory and Society, S. 29, s. 507-548.
  • Pierson, Paul (2011). Politics in Time: History, Institutions, and Social Analysis. Princeton University Press.
  • Makridakis, Spyros (2017). “The Forthcoming Artificial Intelligence (AI) Revolution: Its Impact on Society and Firms”. Futures, s. 90, s. 46-60.
  • Nooteboom, Bart (1997). “Path Dependence of Knowledge: Implications for the Theory of the Firm”. L Magnusson and J Ottoson (eds), Evolutionary Economics and Path-dependence. Edward Elgar Publishing, s. 57 - 78.
  • North, Douglas C. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Peters, B. Guys vd. (2005). “The Politics of Path Dependency: Political Conflict in Historical Institutionalism”. The Journal of Politics, S. 67, s. 1275-1300.
  • Pierson, Paul (2000). “Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics”. American Political Science Review, S. 94, s. 251-267.
  • Pfiffer, Sabine (2017). “The Vision of “Industrie 4.0” in the Making—a Case of Future Told, Tamed, and Traded”. Nanoethics, S. 11, s. 107-121.
  • Sewell, William (1996). “Three Temporalities: Toward an Eventful Sociology”. The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, S. 98, s. 245-280.
  • Shelton, Brett ve Çiğdem Uz (2014). “Immersive Technology and the Elderly: A Mini-Review”. Gerontology, S. 61, s. 175-185.
  • Somers, R. Margaret (1998). “`We’re No Angels: Realism, Rational Choice, and Relationality in Social Science’. American Journal of Sociology, S. 104, s. 768-769.
  • Tilly, Charles (1994). “The Time of States”. Social Research, S. 61, s. 270.
Toplam 23 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Siyaset Bilimi, İşletme
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Ebru Tekin Bilbil 0000-0001-9916-1047

Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Ocak 2019
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 20 Sayı: 36

Kaynak Göster

APA Tekin Bilbil, E. (2019). İZLEK BAĞIMLILIĞI TEORİSİ VE YAPAY ZEKÂ TEKNOLOJİSİNE GEÇİŞ: HİZMET ENDÜSTRİSİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ. Uludağ Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(36), 165-190. https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.443051