Positive Attitudes of Low-Status Groups towards High-Status Groups

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 20 Sayı: 37, 711 - 737, 31.07.2019

Nuri Akdoğan

https://doi.org/10.21550/sosbilder.469991

Öz

The main goal of this study is to compile
research findings that explain the attitude of low-status groups towards high
status group, conceptualized as out-group favoritism, and to discuss the
findings on the basis of self-esteem, efficacy and continuity identity
motivations. The research findings gathered within the scope of the study were
handled in the context of the Fundamental Correspondence Bias (FCB) and Terror
Management Theory (TMT). Findings of studies on the tendency towards FCB show
that the reason of the positive attitude of low-status groups toward high
status group may be related to the sense of control, which is a basic
motivation, and related to anticipating the possible threats from them and
being cautious against those threats. Findings of studies examined in the
context of TMT show that the reason of low-status groups’ supportive attitude
towards the system may be related to that the system fulfills various identity
motives.

Anahtar Kelimeler

outgroup favoritism, identity motivation, self-evaluation motivation, fundamental correspondence bias, terror management theory

DÜŞÜK STATÜLÜ GRUPLARIN YÜKSEK STATÜLÜ GRUPLARA YÖNELİK OLUMLU TUTUMU

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amaçlarından biri toplumsal yapı
içerisinde düşük sosyal konumda bulunan grupların üyelerinin yüksek sosyal
konumdaki gruplara yönelik dış grup tarafgirliği olarak kavramlaştırılan
tutumuna farklı açıklama getiren araştırma bulgularını derlemek ve bu bulguları
özsaygı, kontrol algısı, süreklilik kimlik motivasyonları temelinde
tartışmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında derlenen araştırma bulguları Temel Uyuşma
Yanlılığı (TUY) ve Terör Yönetimi Kuramı (TYK) bağlamında ele alınmıştır. TUY
eğilimi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmaların bulguları düşük statülü grupların
içinde bulunduğu dezavantajlı konumun sorumluluğunu kendilerine yüklemelerinin
nedeninin temel bir motivasyon olan kontrol algısı ile ilgili olabileceğini;
üst statülü grupların konumlarıyla ilgili başarılarını onların içsel
özelliklerine atfetmelerinin ise onlardan gelebilecek olası tehditleri öngörme
ve bunlara karşı tedbirli olmayla alakalı olabileceğini göstermektedir. TYK
bağlamında incelenen çalışma bulguları da düşük statülü grupların sosyal
eşitsizlik üreten sistemi (toplumsal yapıyı) destekleme sebebinin bu yapının
kendilerinin hayatına bir düzen, süreklilik ve anlam getirerek başta özsaygı
olmak üzere çeşitli ihtiyaçlarını tatmin etmesi ile ilgili olabileceğini
göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

dış grup tarafgirliği, kimlik motivasyonları, benlik değerlendirme motivasyonu, temel uyuşma yanlılığı, terör yönetimi kuramı

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