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Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4, 9261 - 9288, 01.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.408857

Öz

The trend of renewing old masonry buildings and provision
of new housing, public and other areas without using new building lots is
becoming increasingly important to ensure the conformity of the renovated
buildings with the current technical regulations. One compliance aspect is the
load-bearing function, which in a large degree depends on the floor structures.
As old masonry buildings often have timber floors, the purpose of this article is
to provide an insight into the field of timber floor strengthening. Thus, the evolution
of floor structures is compactly presented, and common types of timber floors are
given. Furthermore, the weight of different timber floor fillings is studied in
relation to the prescribed imposed loads. Measures for strengthening old timber
floors are introduced separately for vertical and horizontal strengthening. Additionally,
a classic timber floor and a timber-concrete composite floor are analyzed
according to the current building standards in the European Union, the
Eurocodes. 

Kaynakça

  • Arnuga, I., Mehanska odpornost lesno-betonskega sovprežnega stropu [Mechanical resistance of a timber-concrete composite deck], Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, 2010.
  • Riggio, M., Tomasi, R., Piazza, M., Refurbishment of a traditional timber floor with a reversible technique: Importance of the investigation campaign for design and control of the intervention. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 8, 74–93, 2014.
  • Gubana, A., State-of-the-Art Report on high reversible timber to timber strengthening interventions on wooden floors. Construction and Building Materials. 97, 25–33, 2015.
  • Yeoh, D., Fragiacomo, M., De Franceschi, M., Heng Boon, K., State of the art on timber-concrete composite structures: Literature review. Journal of structural engineering. 137, 1085–1095, 2010.
  • Soriano, F.M., Pericot, N.G., Sierra, E.M., Comparative analysis of the reinforcement of a traditional wood floor in collective housing. In depth development with cross laminated timber and concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 4, 125–145, 2016.
  • Branco, J.M., Descamps, T., Tsakanika, E., Repair and Strengthening of Traditional Timber Roof and Floor Structures. In: Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures. pp. 113–138. Springer, 2018.
  • Pech, A., Kolbitsch, A., Zach, F., Decken. Springer Science & Business, 2007.
  • Graf, I.J., Integrale Holz-Beton-Verbundbrücken für die Landesgartenschau 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Proceedings of Internationales Holzbau-Forum 2012, 2012.
  • Brunner, M., Romer, M., Schnüriger, M., Timber-concrete-composite with an adhesive connector (wet on wet process). Materials and structures. 40, 119–126, 2007.
  • Kolbitsch, A., Altbaukonstruktionen: Charakteristika Rechenwerte Sanierungsansätze. Springer Vienna, 1989.
  • Lißner, K., Rug, W., Holzbausanierung: Grundlagen und Praxis der sicheren Ausführung. Springer-Verlag, 2013.
  • Furundžić, B., Zbirka tehnickih propisa u gradevinarstvu [Collection of technical regulations in civil engineering]. Građevinska Knjiga, Beograd, 1965.
  • International Organization for Standardization, ISO 2103:1986 – Loads due to use and occupancy in residential and public buildings, 1986.
  • European Committee for Standardization., EN 1991-1-1: Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities,self-weight, imposed loads for buildings. CEN, Brussels, 2002.
  • Branco, J.M., Kekeliak, M., Lourenço, P.B., In-plane stiffness of traditional timber floors strengthened with CLT. In: Materials and Joints in Timber Structures. pp. 725–737. Springer, 2014.
  • Tajnik, M., Premrov, M., Dobrila, P., Bedenik, B., Parametric study of composite T-beam. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings. 164, 345–353, 2011.
  • Premrov, M., Dobrila, P., Experimental analysis of timber–concrete composite beam strengthened with carbon fibres. Construction and Building Materials. 37, 499–506, 2012.
  • Costa, A., Guedes, J.M., Varum, H., Structural rehabilitation of old buildings. Springer, 2013.
  • Piazza, M., Baldessari, C., Tomasi, R., Acler, E., Behaviour of refurbished timber floors characterized by different in-plane stiffness. Structural Analysis of Historic Construction – D’Ayala & Fodde (eds), 2008.
  • Tomazevic, M., Stavbe kulturne dediscine in potresna odpornost : kaj smo se naucili? = Heritage masonry buildings and seismic resistance : what did we learn? Gradbeni vestnik. 2009.
  • Tomaževič, M., Weiss, P., Velechovsky, T., The influence of rigidity of floors on the seismic behaviour of old stone-masonry buildings, European earthquake engineering, 1991.
  • Tomaževič, M., Lutman, M., Velechovsky, T., Aseismic strengthening of old stone-masonry buildings: is the replacement of wooden floors with RC slabs always necessary?, European earthquake engineering, 1993.
  • Gattesco, N., Macorini, L., In-plane stiffening techniques with nail plates or CFRP strips for timber floors in historical masonry buildings. Construction and Building Materials. 58, 64–76, 2014.
  • Brezar, V., Pragmatično graditeljstvo ali sindrom 4 metrov/Pragmatic construction or a 4-meter syndrome. Arhitektura, Raziskave. 2011, 85, 2011.
  • European Committee for Standardization., EN 1995-1-1: Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules for buildings. CEN, Brussels, 2004.
  • European Committee for Standardization.: EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, 2004.
  • Tajnik, M., Dobrila, P., Premrov, M., Analysis of composite T beam composed of timber, concrete and carbon strip. In: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical and computational methods in science and engineering. pp. 223–229. World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, 2007.

Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example)

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4, 9261 - 9288, 01.07.2019
https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.408857

Öz

The trend of renewing old masonry buildings and provision
of new housing, public and other areas without using new building lots is
becoming increasingly important to ensure the conformity of the renovated
buildings with the current technical regulations. One compliance aspect is the
load-bearing function, which in a large degree depends on the floor structures.
As old masonry buildings often have timber floors, the purpose of this article is
to provide an insight into the field of timber floor strengthening. Thus, the evolution
of floor structures is compactly presented, and common types of timber floors are
given. Furthermore, the weight of different timber floor fillings is studied in
relation to the prescribed imposed loads. Measures for strengthening old timber
floors are introduced separately for vertical and horizontal strengthening. Additionally,
a classic timber floor and a timber-concrete composite floor are analyzed
according to the current building standards in the European Union, the
Eurocodes. 

Kaynakça

  • Arnuga, I., Mehanska odpornost lesno-betonskega sovprežnega stropu [Mechanical resistance of a timber-concrete composite deck], Univerza v Mariboru, Fakulteta za gradbeništvo, 2010.
  • Riggio, M., Tomasi, R., Piazza, M., Refurbishment of a traditional timber floor with a reversible technique: Importance of the investigation campaign for design and control of the intervention. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 8, 74–93, 2014.
  • Gubana, A., State-of-the-Art Report on high reversible timber to timber strengthening interventions on wooden floors. Construction and Building Materials. 97, 25–33, 2015.
  • Yeoh, D., Fragiacomo, M., De Franceschi, M., Heng Boon, K., State of the art on timber-concrete composite structures: Literature review. Journal of structural engineering. 137, 1085–1095, 2010.
  • Soriano, F.M., Pericot, N.G., Sierra, E.M., Comparative analysis of the reinforcement of a traditional wood floor in collective housing. In depth development with cross laminated timber and concrete. Case Studies in Construction Materials. 4, 125–145, 2016.
  • Branco, J.M., Descamps, T., Tsakanika, E., Repair and Strengthening of Traditional Timber Roof and Floor Structures. In: Strengthening and Retrofitting of Existing Structures. pp. 113–138. Springer, 2018.
  • Pech, A., Kolbitsch, A., Zach, F., Decken. Springer Science & Business, 2007.
  • Graf, I.J., Integrale Holz-Beton-Verbundbrücken für die Landesgartenschau 2014 in Schwäbisch Gmünd, Proceedings of Internationales Holzbau-Forum 2012, 2012.
  • Brunner, M., Romer, M., Schnüriger, M., Timber-concrete-composite with an adhesive connector (wet on wet process). Materials and structures. 40, 119–126, 2007.
  • Kolbitsch, A., Altbaukonstruktionen: Charakteristika Rechenwerte Sanierungsansätze. Springer Vienna, 1989.
  • Lißner, K., Rug, W., Holzbausanierung: Grundlagen und Praxis der sicheren Ausführung. Springer-Verlag, 2013.
  • Furundžić, B., Zbirka tehnickih propisa u gradevinarstvu [Collection of technical regulations in civil engineering]. Građevinska Knjiga, Beograd, 1965.
  • International Organization for Standardization, ISO 2103:1986 – Loads due to use and occupancy in residential and public buildings, 1986.
  • European Committee for Standardization., EN 1991-1-1: Eurocode 1: Actions on structures - Part 1-1: General actions - Densities,self-weight, imposed loads for buildings. CEN, Brussels, 2002.
  • Branco, J.M., Kekeliak, M., Lourenço, P.B., In-plane stiffness of traditional timber floors strengthened with CLT. In: Materials and Joints in Timber Structures. pp. 725–737. Springer, 2014.
  • Tajnik, M., Premrov, M., Dobrila, P., Bedenik, B., Parametric study of composite T-beam. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings. 164, 345–353, 2011.
  • Premrov, M., Dobrila, P., Experimental analysis of timber–concrete composite beam strengthened with carbon fibres. Construction and Building Materials. 37, 499–506, 2012.
  • Costa, A., Guedes, J.M., Varum, H., Structural rehabilitation of old buildings. Springer, 2013.
  • Piazza, M., Baldessari, C., Tomasi, R., Acler, E., Behaviour of refurbished timber floors characterized by different in-plane stiffness. Structural Analysis of Historic Construction – D’Ayala & Fodde (eds), 2008.
  • Tomazevic, M., Stavbe kulturne dediscine in potresna odpornost : kaj smo se naucili? = Heritage masonry buildings and seismic resistance : what did we learn? Gradbeni vestnik. 2009.
  • Tomaževič, M., Weiss, P., Velechovsky, T., The influence of rigidity of floors on the seismic behaviour of old stone-masonry buildings, European earthquake engineering, 1991.
  • Tomaževič, M., Lutman, M., Velechovsky, T., Aseismic strengthening of old stone-masonry buildings: is the replacement of wooden floors with RC slabs always necessary?, European earthquake engineering, 1993.
  • Gattesco, N., Macorini, L., In-plane stiffening techniques with nail plates or CFRP strips for timber floors in historical masonry buildings. Construction and Building Materials. 58, 64–76, 2014.
  • Brezar, V., Pragmatično graditeljstvo ali sindrom 4 metrov/Pragmatic construction or a 4-meter syndrome. Arhitektura, Raziskave. 2011, 85, 2011.
  • European Committee for Standardization., EN 1995-1-1: Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 1-1: General - Common rules and rules for buildings. CEN, Brussels, 2004.
  • European Committee for Standardization.: EN 1992-1-1: Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures - Part 1-1: General rules and rules for buildings, 2004.
  • Tajnik, M., Dobrila, P., Premrov, M., Analysis of composite T beam composed of timber, concrete and carbon strip. In: Proceedings of the 9th WSEAS international conference on Mathematical and computational methods in science and engineering. pp. 223–229. World Scientific and Engineering Academy and Society, 2007.
Toplam 27 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İnşaat Mühendisliği
Bölüm Makale
Yazarlar

žiga Unuk 0000-0001-6143-2569

Vesna žegarac Leskovar Bu kişi benim 0000-0002-0774-0920

Miroslav Premrov Bu kişi benim 0000-0003-3717-8235

Yayımlanma Tarihi 1 Temmuz 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 22 Mart 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 30 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Unuk, ž., žegarac Leskovar, V., & Premrov, M. (2019). Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example). Teknik Dergi, 30(4), 9261-9288. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.408857
AMA Unuk ž, žegarac Leskovar V, Premrov M. Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example). Teknik Dergi. Temmuz 2019;30(4):9261-9288. doi:10.18400/tekderg.408857
Chicago Unuk, žiga, Vesna žegarac Leskovar, ve Miroslav Premrov. “Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated With a Numerical Example)”. Teknik Dergi 30, sy. 4 (Temmuz 2019): 9261-88. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.408857.
EndNote Unuk ž, žegarac Leskovar V, Premrov M (01 Temmuz 2019) Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example). Teknik Dergi 30 4 9261–9288.
IEEE ž. Unuk, V. žegarac Leskovar, ve M. Premrov, “Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example)”, Teknik Dergi, c. 30, sy. 4, ss. 9261–9288, 2019, doi: 10.18400/tekderg.408857.
ISNAD Unuk, žiga vd. “Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated With a Numerical Example)”. Teknik Dergi 30/4 (Temmuz 2019), 9261-9288. https://doi.org/10.18400/tekderg.408857.
JAMA Unuk ž, žegarac Leskovar V, Premrov M. Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example). Teknik Dergi. 2019;30:9261–9288.
MLA Unuk, žiga vd. “Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated With a Numerical Example)”. Teknik Dergi, c. 30, sy. 4, 2019, ss. 9261-88, doi:10.18400/tekderg.408857.
Vancouver Unuk ž, žegarac Leskovar V, Premrov M. Timber Floors and Strengthening Techniques (Illustrated with a Numerical Example). Teknik Dergi. 2019;30(4):9261-88.