Lefkoşa’daki bir üniversitenin İngilizce programındaki tıp öğrencilerinin sigara içme durumu

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 17 Sayı: 1, 50 - 64, 30.04.2019

Özen Aşut Songül Vaizoğlu Rami Y Sadeh Bashar Alaber Mariam Jabaly Mohammad Laila Ahmed Al Zuwawi Mohammad Fs Shatnawi Wadee Js Mezher Sanda Cali

Öz

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın
amacı tıp öğrencilerinin sigara içme durumunu ve ilişkili etmenleri
belirlemektir. Yöntem: Lefkoşa, Kuzey
Kıbrıs’ta bulunanYakın Doğu Üniversitesi İngilizce Tıp programında kayıtlı 566
tıp öğrencisi arasında kesitsel bir araştırma yürütülmüştür. Öğrencilere 20
soruluk bir anket uygulanarak yaşam boyu ve halen sigara içme durumu ve
ilişkili etmenler araştırıldı. Veriler SPSS 18.0.0. programı ile
değerlendirildi. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler hesaplanarak marjinal ve çapraz
tablolar hazırlandı. Önemli kabul edilen p değeri <0.05 idi. Bulgular: Ankete yanıt hızı %80.6 (566 öğrencinin 456’sı) bulundu.
Yaşam boyu sigara içme hızı %47.7%, (erkeklerde %60.3, kadınlarda %35.6) ve
halen sigara içme hızı %32.7% (erkeklerde %42.4, kadınlarda %23.4) olarak saptanmıştır;
sigara içenlerin %41.3’ü sigaraya tıp fakültesine girdikten sonra
başlamışlardır. Sonuç: Tıp
öğrencilerindeki sigara içme prevalansı yüksektir. Tıp eğitiminin İngilizce tıp
öğrencilerinin sigara içme durumuna etkili olmadığı izlenimi edinilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Sigara içme, tıp öğrencileri, tıp eğitimi

Smoking status of medical students in the English program of a university in Nicosia

Öz

Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the
status of smoking among medical students and related factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted
among the total 566 medical students enrolled in the English program of the
Near East University, Faculty of Medicine in Nicosia, Northern Cyprus. A
questionnaire of 20 questions was handed out to the students to find out about
their smoking status (lifetime and current smoking), and related factors. The
data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0.0. For the analyzed parameters, descriptive
statistics were calculated and marginal and cross tables were prepared. The p
value accepted as significant was p<0.05. Results: The response rate was 80.6% (456 of 566 students).
Lifetime smoking rate was 47.7%, (60.3% of for male students, 35.6% for female
students) and current smoking rate was 32.7% (42.4 % for male students, 23.4%
for female students); 41.3% of the smokers had started smoking after admission
to medical school. Conclusions: The
smoking prevalence among medical students was high. Medical education did not
seem to be influential on the smoking status among students of the English
program of the medical school.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Smoking, Medical students, Medical education

Kaynakça

• 1. World Health Organization. WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic 2017. Available at: http://www.who.int/tobacco/global_report/2017/en/ Accessed 4 Dec 2017.2. Law M, Tang JL. An analysis of the effectiveness of interventions intended to help people stop smoking. Arch Intern Med 1995;155(18):1933-41.3. Smith DR, Leggat PA. An international review of tobacco smoking in the medical profession:1974–2004. BMC Public Health 2007Jun20;7(1):115.4. Smith DR, Leggat PA. An international review of tobacco smoking among medical students. Journal of postgraduate medicine 2007Jan1;53(1):55.5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Physician and other health-care professional counseling of smokers to quit – United States, 1991. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1993:42:854-7. 6. The Health Consequences of Smoking. A Report of the Surgeon General. Office of the Surgeon General (US). Atlanta (GA): Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US);2004. ISBN-10:0-16-051576-2. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK44695/ Accessed 20 Feb 2108.7. Schmitz N, Kruse J, Kugler J. Disabilities, quality of life, and mental disorders associated with smoking and nicotine dependence. Am J Psychiatry 2003Sep ;160(9):1670-6. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/129443448. US Department of Health and Human Services. The Health Consequences of Smoking—50 Years of Progress: A Report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2014. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK179276/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3908632/ Accessed 10 Dec 2017.9. US Department of Health and Human Services. How tobacco smoke causes disease: The Biologic and Behavioral Basis for Smoking Attributable Disease. Atlanta: US Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, Office on Smoking and Health, 2010. Available at:https://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/sgr/2010/consumer.../consumer.pdf10. National Cancer Institute. Harms of Cigarette Smoking and Health Benefits of Quitting. 2017. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/cessation-fact-sheet. Accessed 5 Dec 2017.11. Martin, T. 599 Ingredients and additives in cigarettes. Available at: https://www.verywell.com/big-tobaccos-list-of-599-cigarette-additives-2824422. Accessed 26 Feb 2018.12. Boutrel B, Koob GF. What keeps us awake: The neuro-pharmacology of stimulants and wakefulness promoting medications. Sleep 2004;27(6)Sep1:1181-94.13. .Pomerleau OF. Nicotine and the central nervous system: biobehavioral effects of cigarette smoking. AJM 1992 Jul15;93(1):S2-7.14. Fowler G. Educating doctors in smoking cessation. Tob Control 1993;2:5-6.15. Nett LM. The physician's role in smoking cessation: A present and future agenda. Chest 1990;97(Suppl 2):28S-32S.16. Garfinkel L: Cigarette smoking among physicians and other health professionals, 1959–1972. CA Cancer J Clin 1976, 26:373-375. PMID: 825202. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/82520 Accessed 28 Feb 201817. Cakici E, Cakici M, Es A, Ergun D. The prevalence and risk factors of substance use among university students in Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry (Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg) 2014;15(2):108-15. Available at: http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=1&sid=728d750c-796d-4cde-9899-c09f7177970f%40sessionmgr400918. Akvardar Y, Demiral Y, Ergor G, Ergor A. Substance use among medical students and physicians in a medical school in Turkey. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 2004Jun1;39(6):502-6.19. Metintas S, Sariboyaci MA, Nuhoglu S et al. Smoking patterns of university students in Eskisehir, Turkey. Public health 1998Jul 1;112(4):261-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0033-3506(98)00243-1. Available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S003335069800243120. Guleç M, Bakir B, Ozer M, Ucar M, Kilic S, Hasde M. Association between cigarette smoking and depressive symptoms among military medical students in Turkey. Psychiatry research 2005Apr30;134(3):281-6.21. Ogus C, Ozdemir T, Kara A, Senol Y, Cilli A. Smoking habits of grade I and VI medical students at Akdeniz University Medical Faculty. Turkiye Klinikleri Arch Lung 2004;5(3):139-42. (In Turkish) Available at: http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com/article/en-akdeniz-universitesi-tip-fakultesi-donem-i-ve-vi-ogrencilerinin-sigara-icme-aliskanliklari-54904.html22. Makanjuola AB, Daramola TO, Obembe AO. Psychoactive substance use among medical students in a Nigerian university. World Psychiatry 2007Jun;6(2):112.23. Dania MG, Ozoh OB, Bandele EO. Smoking habits, awareness of risks, and attitude towards tobacco control policies among medical students in Lagos, Nigeria. Annalsafrmed 2015Jan1;14(1):1.24. Maziak W, Hammal F, Rastam S et al. Characteristics of cigarette smoking and quitting among university students in Syria. Preventive medicine 2004Aug31;39(2):330-6. 25. Almerie MQ, Matar HE, Salam M et al. Cigarettes and water pipe smoking among medical students in Syria: a cross-sectional study. IJTLD 2008Sep1;12(9):1085-91.26. Haddad LG, Malak MZ. Smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Jordan. IJNS 2002Nov30;39(8):793-802.27. Khader YS, Alsadi AA. Smoking habits among university students in Jordan: prevalence and associated factors. EMHJ 2008;14: 897-904.28. Merrill RM, Madanat HN, Cox E, Merrill JM. Perceived effectiveness of counseling patients about smoking among medical students in Amman, Jordan. EMHJ 2009Sep-Oct;15(5):1180-91. 29. Senol Y, Donmez L, Turkay M, Aktekin M. The incidence of smoking and risk factors for smoking initiation in medical faculty students: Cohort study. BMC Public Health 2006May10;6(1):128.30. Tessier JF, Freour P, Crofton J, Kombou L. Smoking habits and attitudes of medical, students towards smoking and antismoking campaigns in fourteen European countries. Eur J Epidemiol 1989Sep1;5(3):311.31. Tyas SL, Pederson LL. Psychosocial factors related to adolescent smoking: a critical review of the literature. Tobacco control 1998Dec1;7(4):409-20.32. Maziak W. The global epidemic of water pipe smoking. Addict Behav 2011Feb28;36(1):1-5.33. Akl EA, Gunukula SK, Aleem S, Obeid R, Jaoude PA, Honeine R, Irani J. The prevalence of water pipe tobacco smoking among the general and specific populations:a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2011Apr19;11(1):244.34. Poyrazoglu S, Sarli S, Gencer Z, Gunay O. Water pipe (narghile) smoking among medical and non-medical university students in Turkey. Upsala journal of medical sciences 2010Aug1;115(3):210-6.35. Alvur MT, Cinar N, Akduran F, Dede C. Fallacies about water-pipe use in Turkish university students-what might be the consequences. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2014Jan1;15:1977-80.36. Iribarren C, Tekawa IS, Sidney S, Friedman GD. Effect of cigar smoking on the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer in men. NEJM 1999Jun10;340(23):1773-80.37. Vupputuri S, Hajat C, Al-Houqani et al. Midwakh/dokha tobacco use in the Middle East: Much to learn. Tobacco control 2016Mar1;25(2):236-41.38. Nelson DE, Davis RM, Chrismon JH, Giovino GA. Pipe smoking in the United States, 1965–1991: Prevalence and attributable mortality. Preventive medicine 1996Apr1;25(2):91-9.39. Farsalinos KE, Polosa R. Safety evaluation and risk assessment of electronic cigarettes as tobacco cigarette substitutes: a systematic review. Ther Adv Drug Saf 2014Apr;5(2):67-86.40. Chapman SL, Wu LT. E-cigarette prevalence and correlates of use among adolescents versus adults: a review and comparison. J Psychiatr Res 2014 Jul 31;54:43-54.41. The Data Blog. New country classifications by income level: 2017-2018. Available at: https://blogs.worldbank.org/opendata/new-country-classifications-income-level-2017-2018. Accessed 25 Dec 2017.42. World Health Organization (2017). WHO regional offices. [online] Available at: http://www.who.int/about/regions/en/ Accessed 24 Dec 2017.43. Hitchman SC, Fong GT. Gender empowerment and female-to-male smoking prevalence ratios. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2011Mar;89(3):195-202.44. Apps.who.int. (2015). GHO|By category|Tobacco use-Data by World Bank Income Group. Available at: http://apps.who.int/gho/data/view.main.1805WB?lang=en Accessed 25 Dec 2017.45. Casetta B, Videla AJ, Bardach A et al. Association between cigarette smoking prevalence and income level: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res 2017Nov 7;19(12):1401-1407. doi:10.1093/ntr/ntw266. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27679607 Accessed 20 Feb2018.46. Bobak M, Jha P, Nguyen S, Jarvis M, Mundial B. Poverty and Smoking. In: Tobacco Control in Developing Countries. Oxford University Press; Sep2000. pp.41-61.47. Near East University. Tuition Fees for the Academic Year of 2017-2018. Available at: https://neu.edu.tr/tuition-fees-for-the-academic-year-of-2017-2018/ Accessed 25 Dec 2017.48. Townsend J, Roderick P, Cooper J. Cigarette smoking by socioeconomic group, sex, and age: Effects of price, income, and health publicity. BMJ 1994Oct 8;309(6959):923-7.49. De Walque D. Does education affect smoking behaviors? Evidence using the Vietnam draft as an instrument for college education. J Health Econ 2007Sep1;26(5):877-95. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1727593850. Giskes K, Kunst AE, Benach J et al. Trends in smoking behavior between 1985 and 2000 in nine European countries by education. J Epidemiol Community Health 2005May1;59(5):395-401.51. Zhu T, Feng B, Wong S, Choi W, Zhu SH. A comparison of smoking behaviors among medical and other college students in China. Health Promot Int 2004Jun 1;19(2):189-96.52. Alexopoulos EC, Jelastopulu E, Aronis K, Dougenis D. Cigarette smoking among university students in Greece:a comparison between medical and other students. Environ Health Prev Med 2010Mar;15(2):115.53. Filippidis FT, Vardavas CI, Loukopoulou A, Behrakis P, Connolly GN, Tountas Y. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adults in Greece:4 year trends. Eur J Public Health 2012Oct 31;23(5):772-6.54. Richmond R, Zwar N, Taylor R, Hunnisett J, Hyslop F. Teaching about tobacco in medical schools:a worldwide study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2009Sep;28(5):484-97. doi:10.1111/j.1465-3362.2009.00105.x. PMID:19737207. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19737207. Accessed 20 Feb 2018.
• 55. Springer CM, Tannert Niang KM, Matte TD, Miller N, Bassett MT, Frieden TR. Do medical students know enough about smoking to help their future patients? Assessment of New York City fourth-year medical students' knowledge of tobacco cessation and treatment for nicotine addiction. Acad Med. 2000Oct;83(10):982-9. PMID:18820533 DOI: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181850b68 Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820533. Accessed 20 Feb 2018.
• 56. Pederson LL, Blumenthal DS, Dever A, McGrady G. A web-based smoking cessation and prevention curriculum for medical students: why, how, what, and what next. Drug Alcohol Rev 2006 Jan;25(1):39-47. PMID:16492576 DOI:10.1080/09595230500459503 [Indexed for MEDLINE] Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16492576 Accessed 20 Feb 2018.
• 57. Ockene JK, Hayes RB, Churchill LC, Crawford SL, Jolicoeur DG, Murray DM, et al. Teaching medical students to help patients quit smoking:Outcomes of a 10-school randomized controlled trial. J Gen Intern Med 2016 Feb;31(2):172-81. doi: 10.1007/s11606-015-3508-y. Available at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26391030 Accessed 20 Feb 2018.
• 58. Hayes RB, Geller A, Churchill L et al. Teaching tobacco dependence treatment and counseling skills during medical school: rationale and design of the Medical Students helping patients Quit tobacco (MSQuit) group randomized controlled trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2014Mar;37(2): 284–293. Published online 2014 Jan 31. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2014.01.008, PMCID: PMC4048818, NIHMSID: NIHMS569966 Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048818/ Accessed 20 Feb 2018.