Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 102 - 129, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.884649

Öz

Toplumda bireylerin materyalist eğiliminin bilinmesi, devlet politikalarını veya pazarlama stratejilerini geliştirenlerden sosyal bilim araştırmacılarına kadar farklı kesimleri yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Sahip olduğu özellikler itibariyle birbirinden ayrılan kuşaklarda materyalist eğilimin ve konu ile ilgili olduğu düşünülen marka bilinci ve paraya verilen önemin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığı, eski kuşaklardan yeni kuşaklara doğru bahsi geçen konularda belirgin bir yükseliş ve azalmanın olup olmadığı bilgisi bu nedenle önem taşımaktadır. Söz konusu sorulara cevap bulmak amacıyla gerçekleştirilen bu çalışmada, X, Y ve Z kuşağı temsilcisi 463 katılımcıdan toplanan veriler ANOVA ve frekans analizlerine tabi tutulmuş; bulgular, Z kuşağının diğer kuşaklara göre anlamlı derecede daha materyalist, paraya daha fazla önem veren, anlamlı çıkmasa da marka bilinci daha yüksek kuşak olduğunu ortaya koymuş, X ve Y kuşakları arasında değişkene göre farklılıklar bulunmuştur. Her üç kuşakta da paraya verilen önem, materyalist eğilimin boyutları arasında da mutluluk boyutu diğerlerinden yüksek çıkmıştır. Bulguların, kamu ve özel sektörde geliştirilecek stratejilerde ve gelecek araştırmalarda faydalı olacağı düşünülmektedir.

Kaynakça

  • Ahuvia, A. ve Wong, N. (1995)“Materialism: Origins and Implications for Personal Well-Being”, European Conference Proceedings for the Association for Consumer Research. Copenhagen, 14-17.
  • Ailawadi, K.L., Neslin, S.A. ve Gedenk, K. (2001)“Pursuing the Value-Conscious Consumer: Store Brands versus National Brand Promotions”, Journal of Marketing, 65, 71-89.
  • Alden, D.L., Steenkamp, J.B.EM. ve Batra, R. (2006)“Consumer attitudes toward marketplace globalization: Structure, antecedents and consequences”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3), 227-239.
  • Arndt, J., Solomon, M., Kasser, T. ve Sheldon, K. M. (2004)“The urge to splurge: A Terror Management account of materialism and consumer behaviour”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(3), 198–212.
  • Beaudoin, P., Goldsmith, R. ve Moore, M.A. (1998)“Consumers’ Ethnocentrism and Fashion Leadership”, Psychological Reports, 83, 1239-1247.
  • Belk, R.W. (1984)“Three Scales to Measure Constructs Related to Materialism: Reliability, Validity, and Relationships to Measures of Happiness”, Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 291-297.
  • Belk, R.W. (1985)“Materialism: Trait Aspects of Living in the Material World”, Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 265-280.
  • Belk, R.W. ve Wallendorf, M. (1990)“The sacred meanings of money”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 11(1), 35-67.
  • Bencsik, A., Gabriella, HC. ve Timea, J. (2016)“Y and Z Generations at Workplaces”, Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3), 90-106.
  • Bible, 1 Timothy, 6:10, Yeni Uluslararası Versiyon. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search= 1%20Timothy%206%3A10&version=NIV
  • Bozyiğit, S. (2015)“Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Tüketim Sürecine Etki Eden Sosyalleşme Aracılarının Öğrencilerin Materyalist Eğilimi ve Marka Bilinci Üzerindeki Etkisine Yönelik Bir Pilot Çalışma”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 295-302.
  • Burroughs, Rindfleisch (2002)“Materialism and Well-Being: A Conflicting Values Perspective”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.29, 348-369.
  • Campbell, C. (1987)“The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism”. Basil Blackwell, New York, USA.
  • Chen, J., Tang, T.LP. ve Tang, N. (2014) “Temptation, Monetary Intelligence (Love of Money), and Environmental Context on Unethical Intentions and Cheating”, Journal of Business Ethics, 123, 197-219.
  • Christopher, Andrew N., Marek, P. ve Carroll, Stephen M. (2004)“Materialism and Attitudes Toward Money: An Exploratory Investigation”, Individual Differences Research, 2(2), 109-117.
  • Cushman, P. (1990) "Why the Self Is Empty", American Psychologist, 45 (May), 599-611.
  • Deci E.L. ve Ryan R.M. (1995) “Human Autonomy. In: Kernis M.H. (eds) Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem”, The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Dimofte, C.V., Johansson, J.K., ve Ronkainen, I.A. (2008)“Cognitive and Affective Reactions of U.S. Consumers To Global Brands”, Journal of International Marketing, 16(4), 113–135.
  • Dittmar, H. ve Hurst, M. (2018). “The Impact of a Materialistic Value Orientation on Well-Being, içindeSubjective Well-being and Life Satisfaction”, Ed. James E. Maddux, ISBN 9781138282087, Routlegde, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/223211177.pdf.
  • Donnelly, G. E., Ksendzova, M., Howell, R. T., Vohs, K. D., ve Baumeister, R. F. (2016)“Buying to blunt negative feelings: Materialistic escape from the self”, Review of General Psychology, 20(3), 272–316.
  • Du, L. ve Tang, T.LP. (2005)“Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Major: The Love of Money Among University Students in People’s Republic of China”, Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 281-293.
  • Eastman, J. K., Fredenberger, B., Campbell, D. ve Calvert, S. (1997)“The Relationship between Status Consumption and Materialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Chinese”, Mexican, and American Student. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 5(1), 52-66.
  • Eom, H.J., Seock, Y.K., ve Hunt-Hurst, P. (2019)“Purchase Intention toward Luxury Brands among Young Adult Consumers from Social Comparison Perspective”, Journal of Marketing Management and Consumer Behavior, 2, 1-16.
  • Ersoy-Quadir, S. (2012)“Materyalist Değer Eğiliminin Gelişiminde Tüketici Sosyalizasyonunun Rolü”, Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama, 3(6), 31-50.
  • Fah, B.C.Y., Foon, Y.S. ve Osman, S. (2011)“An Exploratory Study of the Relationships between Advertising Appeals, Spending Tendency, Perceived Social Status and Materialism on Perfume Purchasing Behavior”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(10), 202-208.
  • Gasiorowska, A. (2013) “Money Attitudes Questionnaire MAQ: Development and validation of measurement scale”, MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper No. 46515.
  • Ghazali, Z. (2010)“The Influence of Socialization Agents and Demographic Profiles on Brand Consciousness”, International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(1), 19-29.
  • Goldsmith, R.E. ve Clark, R.A. (2012)“Materialism,Status Consumption, and Consumer Independence”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(1), 43-60
  • Gomez, K., Mawhinney, T. ve Betts, K. (2020)“Welcome to Generation Z”, Deloitte Report, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/welcome-to-gen-z.pdf, (03.01.2021).
  • Gu, F.F. ve Hung, K.H. (2009)“Materialism among Adolescents in China: A Historical Generation Perspective”, Journal of Asia Business Studies, 3(2), 56-64.
  • Handa, M. ve Khare, A. (2013)“Gender as a moderator of the relationship between materialism and fashion clothing involvement among Indian youth”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(1), 112–120.
  • Hasdiansa, I.W. ve Balqiah, T.E. (2018)“Understanding the Influence of Brand Jealousy, Brand Love and Materialism Towards Willingness to Pay Premium: Study on Coach’s Handbag”, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 348, 283-289.
  • Heaney, J.G., Goldsmith, R.E. ve Jusoh, W.J.W. (2005) “Status Consumption Among Malaysian Consumers, Journal of International Consumer Marketing”, 17(4), 83-98. Jianjuri, J. (2011). “The Y Factor: Managing The New Generation of Soldiers”, Journal of The Singapore Armed Forces, 39(4), 53-59.
  • Kamineni Rajeev (2005)“Influence of materialism, gender and nationality on consumer brand perceptions, Journal of Targeting”, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 14, 1, 25–32.
  • Kamineni, R. ve O’Cass, A. (2000) “The Effect Of Materialism, Gender and Nationality on Consumer Perception of a High Priced Brand”, Proceedings of the ANZMAC 2000 Conference: Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challenge, 614-618.
  • Kasser, T. (2002). “The High Price of Materialism”, The MIT Press, London, England.
  • Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., ve Sameroff, A. J. (1995)“The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents’ materialistic and prosocial values”, Developmental Psychology, 31, 907–914.
  • Kasser, T. (2016)“Materialistic values and goals”, Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 489–514.
  • Kavkani, S.A.M., Seyedjavadain, S. ve Sadeghvaziri, F. (2011) “Decision-making styles of young Iranian consumers”, Business Strategy Series, 12(5), 235-241.
  • Kim, D. ve Jang, S.S. (2014)“Motivational drivers for status consumption: A study of Generation Y consumers”, International Journal of Hospitality Management 38, 39–47.
  • Kiper, O. (2020)“Lüks tüketim ürünlerinde satın alma niyetine etki eden faktörler "Mersin ili örneği", Doktora Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Mersin.
  • Lea, S.E.G. ve Webley, P. (2006)“Money as tool, money as drug: The biological psychology of a strong incentive”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(2), 161-209.
  • Levickaite, R. (2010)“Generations X, Y, Z: How social networks form the concept of the world without borders (the case of Lithuania)”, Limes Cultural Regionalistics, 3(2), 170-183.
  • Liao, J. ve Wang, L. (2009)“Face as a Mediator of the Relationship between Material Value and Brand Consciousness”,Psychology and Marketing, 26(11), 987-1001.
  • Ling I.L.ve Shieh C.H. (2016)“The Effect of Mortality Sailence on Hedonic Consumption and Utilitarian Consumption, In: Campbell C., Ma J. (eds) Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Springer, Cham.
  • Manchanda, R. (2019)“Materialism – A Conceptualization for Contemporary Research” Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, 10(1), 47-53.
  • McClelland, D.C. (1967) “Money as a motivator: some research insights”, The McKinsey Quarterly, 10-21.
  • Mishra, J.K., Tatzel M., Arun B.K. ve Abidi, N. (2014)“Money attitudes as predictors of materialism and compulsive buying, and gender demographics, in the 'new India”, International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 9(3), 301-315.
  • Mitchell, T.R. ve Mickel, A.E. (1999)“The Meaning of Money: An Individual-Difference Perspective”, The Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 568-578.
  • Moschis, G.P. ve Churcill, G.A. (1978)“Consumer Socialization: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”, Journal of Marketing Research, 15(4), 599-609.
  • Mueller, A., Mitchell, J.E., Mertens, C., Mueller, U., Silbermann, A., Burgard, M. ve de Zwaan, M. (2007)“Comparison of treatment seeking compulsive buyers in Germany and the United States”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(7), 1629–1638.
  • Nelissen, R.M.A. ve Meijers, M.H.C. (2011)“Social benefits of luxury brands as costly signals of wealth and status”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 32(5), 343–355.
  • Neuner, M., Raab, G. ve Reisch, L.A. (2005)“Compulsive buying in maturing consumer societies: An empirical re-inquiry”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(4), 509–522.
  • Noble, S.M., Haytko, D.L. ve Philips, J. (2009)“What drives college-age Generation Y consumers?”, Journal of Business Research, 62(6), 617-628.
  • O’Cass, A. ve Muller, T.E. (1999)“A study of Australian materialistic values, product involvement and self-image/product-image congruency relationships for fashion clothing”, Academy of Marketing Science, 3(4), 113-125.
  • O’Cass, A. (2001)“Consumer Self-monitoring, Materialism and Involvement in Fashion Clothing”, Australasian Marketing Journal, 9(1), 46-60.
  • O’Cass, A. (2004)“Fashion clothing consumption: antecedents and consequences of fashion clothing involvement”, European Journal of Marketing, 38(7), 869-882.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (2003)“Tüketim Kültürü Yetinen Toplumdan Tüketen Toplumdan”, Sistem Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (2019)“Postmodern Pazarlamayı Anlamak”, The Kitap: İstanbul.
  • Ordun, G. (2015)“Millennial (Gen Y) “Consumer Behavior, Their Shopping Preferences and Perceptual Maps Associated With Brand Loyalty”, Canadian Social Science 11(4), 40-55.
  • Podoshen, J.S., Li, L. ve Zhang, J. (2011) “Materialism and conspicuous consumption in China: a cross‐cultural examination”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(1), 17-25.
  • Ponchio, M.C. ve Aranha, F. (2008)“Materialism as a predictor variable of low income consumer behavior when entering into installment plan agreements”, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7(1), 21-34.
  • Prendergast, G. ve Wong, C. (2003)“Parental Influence on the Purchase of Luxury Brands of Infant Apparel: An Exploratory Study in Hong Kong”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(2), 157-169.
  • Reeves, R.A., Baker, G.A. ve Truluck, C.S. (2012)“Celebrity Worship, Materialism, Compulsive Buying, and the Empty Self”, Psychology & Marketing, 29(9), 674-679.
  • Richins, M.L. ve Dawson, S. (1992)“A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation”, Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 303-316.
  • Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E. ve Denton, F. (1997)“Family structure, materialism, andcompulsive consumption”, Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 312–325.
  • Roberts, J.A., Tsang, J.A. ve Manolis, C. (2015)“Looking for happiness in all the wrong places: The moderating role of gratitude and affect in the materialism–life satisfaction relationship”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(6), 489-498.
  • Rose, P. ve DeJesus, S.P. (2007)“A Model of motivated cognition to account for the link between self‐monitoring and materialism”, Psychology & Marketing, 24(2), 93-115.
  • Santini , Fernando de Oliveira; Ladeira, Wagner Júnior; Sampaio; Cláudio Hoffmann, Araújo ve Clécio Falcão (2017)“Meta-analysis of the antecedent and consequent constructs of materialism”, Review of Business Management, 19(66), 538-556.
  • Sharda, N. ve Bhat, A.K. (2018)“Austerity to materialism and brand consciousness: luxury consumption in India”, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 22(2), 223-239.
  • Sharpe, J.P. ve Ramanaiah, N.V. (1999)“Materialism and the five-factor model of personality”, Psychological Reports, 85(1), 327–330.
  • Shrum L. J., Lowrey Tina M, Pandelaere Mario ve Ruvio Ayalla A. (2014)“Materialism : The good, the bad and the ugly”, Journal of Marketing Management, 30, 1858-1881.
  • Siahtiri, V.ve Lee, W. (2019)“How do materialists choose prominent brands in emerging markets?”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 46, 133-138.
  • Siddique, S. ve Rashidi, M.Z. (2015)“Influence of Social Media on Brand Consciousness: A Study of Apparel in Karachi”, Global Journal of Management and Business, 15(6), 8-24.
  • Smith, A. (1776)“Milletlerin Zenginliği”, Hasan Ali Yücel Klasikler Dizisi, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, Çev. Haldun Derin, 2006.
  • Solomon, M.R., Gamossy, G., Askegaard, S. ve Hogg, M.K. (2006)“Consumer Behaviour; A European Perspective”. Pearson Education.https://books.mec.biz/tmp/books/NXHQRTHBQ2L87NIU6YVN.pdf, (15.11.2020).
  • Sproles, G.B. ve Kendall, E.L. (1986)“A Methodology for Profiling Consumers' Decision‐Making Styles”, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 20(2), 267-279.
  • Tang, T.L.P. (1992)“The Meaning of Money Revisited”,Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 197-202.
  • Tang, T.L.P. ve Chiu, R.K.K. (2003)“Income, Money Ethic, Pay Satisfaction, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior: Is the Love of Money the Root of Evil for Hong Kong Employees?”, Journal of Business Ethics, 46, 13-30.
  • Tang, T. LP. (2007)“Income and Quality of Life: Does the Love of Money Make a Difference?”, Journal of Business Ethics, 72(4), 375-393.
  • Tang, T.LP. ve Chen, YJ. (2008)“Intelligence vs. Wisdom: The Love of Money”, Machiavellianism, and Unethical Behavior across College Major and Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 1–26.
  • Tatzel, M. (2002) “Money worlds’’ and well-being: An integration of money dispositions, materialism and price-related behavior”, Journal of Economic Psychology 23, 103-126.
  • Tiltay, M.A. ve Torlak, Ö. (2011)“Materyalist Eğilim, Dinî Değerler, Marka Bağlılığı ve Tüketici Ahlakı Arasındaki İlişkiler”, İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 4(7), 93-130.
  • Troisi, J.D., Christopher, A.N. ve Marek, P. (2006). Materialism and Money Spending Disposition as Predictors of Economic and Personality Variables”,North American Journal of Psychology, 8(3), 421-436.
  • TÜİK (2020)“İl, tek yaş ve cinsiyete göre nüfus”, 2007-2020, TÜİK Haber Bülteni Sayı: 37210, Yayım tarihi: 4 Şubat 2021, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2020-37210, (19.12.2020).
  • Türk, A. (2017)“Y Kuşağı”, 3. Baskı, Kafekültür Yayıncılık, İstanbul. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=7KnoDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=T%C3%BCrk+2013+ku%C5%9Fak&ots=V4biB53DSr&sig=6JdS0Q5XSUVfbDw8phrqJ8O3Q&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=T%C3%BCrk%202013%20ku%C5%9Fak&f=false, (23.12.2020).
  • Türk, B. ve Erciş, A. (2017)“Materialism and Its Associated Concepts”, International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6(4), 444-455.
  • Twenge; J.M. ve Kasser; T. (2013)“Generational Changes in Materialism and Work Centrality, 1976-2007: Associations With Temporal Changes in Societal Insecurity and Materialistic Role Modeling”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(7), 883-897.
  • Van Wessel, M. (2004)“Talking about consumption: How an Indian middle class dissociates from middleclass life”, Cultural Dynamics, 16(1), 93-116.
  • Wang, J. ve Wang, X. (2012)“Structural Equation Modeling: Applications using Mplus”, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Wąsowicz-Kiryło, G. (2013)“Attitudes towards money: Measurement-structure-determinants. Warszawa: Difin. içinde, A. Gasiorowska (2013).Money Attitudes Questionnaire MAQ: Development and validation of measurement scale”, MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper No. 46515.
  • Watson, J.J. (2003)“The relationship of materialism to spending tendencies, saving, and debt”, Journal of economic psychology, 24(6), 723-739.
  • Yamauchi, K.T. ve Templer, D.I. (1982)“The development of a Money Attitude Scale”, Journal of Personality Assessment, 46(5), 522–528.
  • Yang, C., De Wang, Y., ve Niu, H. J. (2008)“The effects of idolatry and personality traits on impulse buying: An empirical study”, International Journal of Management, 25(4), 633-640.
  • Yoon, K. (1995)“Comparison of beliefs about advertising, attitude toward advertising, and materialism held by African Americans and Caucasians”, Psychological Reports, 77(2), 455–466.
  • Zhang, B. ve Kim, JH. (2013)“Luxury fashion consumption in China: Factors affecting attitude and purchase intent”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(1), 68-79.
  • Zhang, Y. ve Hawk, S.T. (2019)“Considering the Self in the Link Between Self-Esteem and Materialistic Values: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal”, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 10, Article 1375, 1-13.

X, Y, Z OF MATERIALISM! A COMPARATIVE STUDY AMONG GENERATIONS ON MATERIALIST TENDENCY, BRAND AWARENESS AND IMPORTANCE OF MONEY

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 102 - 129, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.884649

Öz

Knowledge about materialist tendencies of individuals in societies concern different parties like state policy makers, marketing strategy developers or social science researchers. For this reason, knowing whether the materialist tendency, brand awareness and the importance of money differentiates or not among various generations as well as a presence of a general ascent or descent tendency from the old generations to the new generations regarding mentioned topics is crucial. In this research answering these questions, the data taken from 463 Gen X, Y and Z participants were analyzed through ANOVA and frequency tests. The results revealed that Gen Z has significantly higher materialist tendencies and gives more importance to the money than the other generations. There are differences between Gen X and Gen Y according to the variable. Importance of money was of the first rank among all three topics for all generations and the happiness has the highest score among three generations. Results are hoped to be useful for the strategies developed in public and private sectors and also for the future research.

Kaynakça

  • Ahuvia, A. ve Wong, N. (1995)“Materialism: Origins and Implications for Personal Well-Being”, European Conference Proceedings for the Association for Consumer Research. Copenhagen, 14-17.
  • Ailawadi, K.L., Neslin, S.A. ve Gedenk, K. (2001)“Pursuing the Value-Conscious Consumer: Store Brands versus National Brand Promotions”, Journal of Marketing, 65, 71-89.
  • Alden, D.L., Steenkamp, J.B.EM. ve Batra, R. (2006)“Consumer attitudes toward marketplace globalization: Structure, antecedents and consequences”, International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(3), 227-239.
  • Arndt, J., Solomon, M., Kasser, T. ve Sheldon, K. M. (2004)“The urge to splurge: A Terror Management account of materialism and consumer behaviour”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 14(3), 198–212.
  • Beaudoin, P., Goldsmith, R. ve Moore, M.A. (1998)“Consumers’ Ethnocentrism and Fashion Leadership”, Psychological Reports, 83, 1239-1247.
  • Belk, R.W. (1984)“Three Scales to Measure Constructs Related to Materialism: Reliability, Validity, and Relationships to Measures of Happiness”, Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 291-297.
  • Belk, R.W. (1985)“Materialism: Trait Aspects of Living in the Material World”, Journal of Consumer Research, 12, 265-280.
  • Belk, R.W. ve Wallendorf, M. (1990)“The sacred meanings of money”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 11(1), 35-67.
  • Bencsik, A., Gabriella, HC. ve Timea, J. (2016)“Y and Z Generations at Workplaces”, Journal of Competitiveness, 8(3), 90-106.
  • Bible, 1 Timothy, 6:10, Yeni Uluslararası Versiyon. https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search= 1%20Timothy%206%3A10&version=NIV
  • Bozyiğit, S. (2015)“Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Tüketim Sürecine Etki Eden Sosyalleşme Aracılarının Öğrencilerin Materyalist Eğilimi ve Marka Bilinci Üzerindeki Etkisine Yönelik Bir Pilot Çalışma”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 24(2), 295-302.
  • Burroughs, Rindfleisch (2002)“Materialism and Well-Being: A Conflicting Values Perspective”, Journal of Consumer Research, Vol.29, 348-369.
  • Campbell, C. (1987)“The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism”. Basil Blackwell, New York, USA.
  • Chen, J., Tang, T.LP. ve Tang, N. (2014) “Temptation, Monetary Intelligence (Love of Money), and Environmental Context on Unethical Intentions and Cheating”, Journal of Business Ethics, 123, 197-219.
  • Christopher, Andrew N., Marek, P. ve Carroll, Stephen M. (2004)“Materialism and Attitudes Toward Money: An Exploratory Investigation”, Individual Differences Research, 2(2), 109-117.
  • Cushman, P. (1990) "Why the Self Is Empty", American Psychologist, 45 (May), 599-611.
  • Deci E.L. ve Ryan R.M. (1995) “Human Autonomy. In: Kernis M.H. (eds) Efficacy, Agency, and Self-Esteem”, The Springer Series in Social Clinical Psychology. Springer, Boston, MA.
  • Dimofte, C.V., Johansson, J.K., ve Ronkainen, I.A. (2008)“Cognitive and Affective Reactions of U.S. Consumers To Global Brands”, Journal of International Marketing, 16(4), 113–135.
  • Dittmar, H. ve Hurst, M. (2018). “The Impact of a Materialistic Value Orientation on Well-Being, içindeSubjective Well-being and Life Satisfaction”, Ed. James E. Maddux, ISBN 9781138282087, Routlegde, https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/223211177.pdf.
  • Donnelly, G. E., Ksendzova, M., Howell, R. T., Vohs, K. D., ve Baumeister, R. F. (2016)“Buying to blunt negative feelings: Materialistic escape from the self”, Review of General Psychology, 20(3), 272–316.
  • Du, L. ve Tang, T.LP. (2005)“Measurement Invariance Across Gender and Major: The Love of Money Among University Students in People’s Republic of China”, Journal of Business Ethics, 59, 281-293.
  • Eastman, J. K., Fredenberger, B., Campbell, D. ve Calvert, S. (1997)“The Relationship between Status Consumption and Materialism: A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Chinese”, Mexican, and American Student. Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice, 5(1), 52-66.
  • Eom, H.J., Seock, Y.K., ve Hunt-Hurst, P. (2019)“Purchase Intention toward Luxury Brands among Young Adult Consumers from Social Comparison Perspective”, Journal of Marketing Management and Consumer Behavior, 2, 1-16.
  • Ersoy-Quadir, S. (2012)“Materyalist Değer Eğiliminin Gelişiminde Tüketici Sosyalizasyonunun Rolü”, Eğitim ve İnsani Bilimler Dergisi: Teori ve Uygulama, 3(6), 31-50.
  • Fah, B.C.Y., Foon, Y.S. ve Osman, S. (2011)“An Exploratory Study of the Relationships between Advertising Appeals, Spending Tendency, Perceived Social Status and Materialism on Perfume Purchasing Behavior”, International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(10), 202-208.
  • Gasiorowska, A. (2013) “Money Attitudes Questionnaire MAQ: Development and validation of measurement scale”, MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper No. 46515.
  • Ghazali, Z. (2010)“The Influence of Socialization Agents and Demographic Profiles on Brand Consciousness”, International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(1), 19-29.
  • Goldsmith, R.E. ve Clark, R.A. (2012)“Materialism,Status Consumption, and Consumer Independence”, The Journal of Social Psychology, 152(1), 43-60
  • Gomez, K., Mawhinney, T. ve Betts, K. (2020)“Welcome to Generation Z”, Deloitte Report, https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/us/Documents/consumer-business/welcome-to-gen-z.pdf, (03.01.2021).
  • Gu, F.F. ve Hung, K.H. (2009)“Materialism among Adolescents in China: A Historical Generation Perspective”, Journal of Asia Business Studies, 3(2), 56-64.
  • Handa, M. ve Khare, A. (2013)“Gender as a moderator of the relationship between materialism and fashion clothing involvement among Indian youth”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 37(1), 112–120.
  • Hasdiansa, I.W. ve Balqiah, T.E. (2018)“Understanding the Influence of Brand Jealousy, Brand Love and Materialism Towards Willingness to Pay Premium: Study on Coach’s Handbag”, Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 348, 283-289.
  • Heaney, J.G., Goldsmith, R.E. ve Jusoh, W.J.W. (2005) “Status Consumption Among Malaysian Consumers, Journal of International Consumer Marketing”, 17(4), 83-98. Jianjuri, J. (2011). “The Y Factor: Managing The New Generation of Soldiers”, Journal of The Singapore Armed Forces, 39(4), 53-59.
  • Kamineni Rajeev (2005)“Influence of materialism, gender and nationality on consumer brand perceptions, Journal of Targeting”, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 14, 1, 25–32.
  • Kamineni, R. ve O’Cass, A. (2000) “The Effect Of Materialism, Gender and Nationality on Consumer Perception of a High Priced Brand”, Proceedings of the ANZMAC 2000 Conference: Visionary Marketing for the 21st Century: Facing the Challenge, 614-618.
  • Kasser, T. (2002). “The High Price of Materialism”, The MIT Press, London, England.
  • Kasser, T., Ryan, R. M., Zax, M., ve Sameroff, A. J. (1995)“The relations of maternal and social environments to late adolescents’ materialistic and prosocial values”, Developmental Psychology, 31, 907–914.
  • Kasser, T. (2016)“Materialistic values and goals”, Annual Review of Psychology, 67, 489–514.
  • Kavkani, S.A.M., Seyedjavadain, S. ve Sadeghvaziri, F. (2011) “Decision-making styles of young Iranian consumers”, Business Strategy Series, 12(5), 235-241.
  • Kim, D. ve Jang, S.S. (2014)“Motivational drivers for status consumption: A study of Generation Y consumers”, International Journal of Hospitality Management 38, 39–47.
  • Kiper, O. (2020)“Lüks tüketim ürünlerinde satın alma niyetine etki eden faktörler "Mersin ili örneği", Doktora Tezi, Mersin Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İşletme Anabilim Dalı, Mersin.
  • Lea, S.E.G. ve Webley, P. (2006)“Money as tool, money as drug: The biological psychology of a strong incentive”, Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 29(2), 161-209.
  • Levickaite, R. (2010)“Generations X, Y, Z: How social networks form the concept of the world without borders (the case of Lithuania)”, Limes Cultural Regionalistics, 3(2), 170-183.
  • Liao, J. ve Wang, L. (2009)“Face as a Mediator of the Relationship between Material Value and Brand Consciousness”,Psychology and Marketing, 26(11), 987-1001.
  • Ling I.L.ve Shieh C.H. (2016)“The Effect of Mortality Sailence on Hedonic Consumption and Utilitarian Consumption, In: Campbell C., Ma J. (eds) Looking Forward, Looking Back: Drawing on the Past to Shape the Future of Marketing. Developments in Marketing Science: Proceedings of the Academy of Marketing Science. Springer, Cham.
  • Manchanda, R. (2019)“Materialism – A Conceptualization for Contemporary Research” Indian Journal of Commerce & Management Studies, 10(1), 47-53.
  • McClelland, D.C. (1967) “Money as a motivator: some research insights”, The McKinsey Quarterly, 10-21.
  • Mishra, J.K., Tatzel M., Arun B.K. ve Abidi, N. (2014)“Money attitudes as predictors of materialism and compulsive buying, and gender demographics, in the 'new India”, International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 9(3), 301-315.
  • Mitchell, T.R. ve Mickel, A.E. (1999)“The Meaning of Money: An Individual-Difference Perspective”, The Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 568-578.
  • Moschis, G.P. ve Churcill, G.A. (1978)“Consumer Socialization: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis”, Journal of Marketing Research, 15(4), 599-609.
  • Mueller, A., Mitchell, J.E., Mertens, C., Mueller, U., Silbermann, A., Burgard, M. ve de Zwaan, M. (2007)“Comparison of treatment seeking compulsive buyers in Germany and the United States”, Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45(7), 1629–1638.
  • Nelissen, R.M.A. ve Meijers, M.H.C. (2011)“Social benefits of luxury brands as costly signals of wealth and status”, Evolution and Human Behavior, 32(5), 343–355.
  • Neuner, M., Raab, G. ve Reisch, L.A. (2005)“Compulsive buying in maturing consumer societies: An empirical re-inquiry”, Journal of Economic Psychology, 26(4), 509–522.
  • Noble, S.M., Haytko, D.L. ve Philips, J. (2009)“What drives college-age Generation Y consumers?”, Journal of Business Research, 62(6), 617-628.
  • O’Cass, A. ve Muller, T.E. (1999)“A study of Australian materialistic values, product involvement and self-image/product-image congruency relationships for fashion clothing”, Academy of Marketing Science, 3(4), 113-125.
  • O’Cass, A. (2001)“Consumer Self-monitoring, Materialism and Involvement in Fashion Clothing”, Australasian Marketing Journal, 9(1), 46-60.
  • O’Cass, A. (2004)“Fashion clothing consumption: antecedents and consequences of fashion clothing involvement”, European Journal of Marketing, 38(7), 869-882.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (2003)“Tüketim Kültürü Yetinen Toplumdan Tüketen Toplumdan”, Sistem Yayıncılık: İstanbul.
  • Odabaşı, Y. (2019)“Postmodern Pazarlamayı Anlamak”, The Kitap: İstanbul.
  • Ordun, G. (2015)“Millennial (Gen Y) “Consumer Behavior, Their Shopping Preferences and Perceptual Maps Associated With Brand Loyalty”, Canadian Social Science 11(4), 40-55.
  • Podoshen, J.S., Li, L. ve Zhang, J. (2011) “Materialism and conspicuous consumption in China: a cross‐cultural examination”, International Journal of Consumer Studies, 35(1), 17-25.
  • Ponchio, M.C. ve Aranha, F. (2008)“Materialism as a predictor variable of low income consumer behavior when entering into installment plan agreements”, Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 7(1), 21-34.
  • Prendergast, G. ve Wong, C. (2003)“Parental Influence on the Purchase of Luxury Brands of Infant Apparel: An Exploratory Study in Hong Kong”, Journal of Consumer Marketing, 20(2), 157-169.
  • Reeves, R.A., Baker, G.A. ve Truluck, C.S. (2012)“Celebrity Worship, Materialism, Compulsive Buying, and the Empty Self”, Psychology & Marketing, 29(9), 674-679.
  • Richins, M.L. ve Dawson, S. (1992)“A Consumer Values Orientation for Materialism and Its Measurement: Scale Development and Validation”, Journal of Consumer Research, 19, 303-316.
  • Rindfleisch, A., Burroughs, J. E. ve Denton, F. (1997)“Family structure, materialism, andcompulsive consumption”, Journal of Consumer Research, 23, 312–325.
  • Roberts, J.A., Tsang, J.A. ve Manolis, C. (2015)“Looking for happiness in all the wrong places: The moderating role of gratitude and affect in the materialism–life satisfaction relationship”, The Journal of Positive Psychology, 10(6), 489-498.
  • Rose, P. ve DeJesus, S.P. (2007)“A Model of motivated cognition to account for the link between self‐monitoring and materialism”, Psychology & Marketing, 24(2), 93-115.
  • Santini , Fernando de Oliveira; Ladeira, Wagner Júnior; Sampaio; Cláudio Hoffmann, Araújo ve Clécio Falcão (2017)“Meta-analysis of the antecedent and consequent constructs of materialism”, Review of Business Management, 19(66), 538-556.
  • Sharda, N. ve Bhat, A.K. (2018)“Austerity to materialism and brand consciousness: luxury consumption in India”, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 22(2), 223-239.
  • Sharpe, J.P. ve Ramanaiah, N.V. (1999)“Materialism and the five-factor model of personality”, Psychological Reports, 85(1), 327–330.
  • Shrum L. J., Lowrey Tina M, Pandelaere Mario ve Ruvio Ayalla A. (2014)“Materialism : The good, the bad and the ugly”, Journal of Marketing Management, 30, 1858-1881.
  • Siahtiri, V.ve Lee, W. (2019)“How do materialists choose prominent brands in emerging markets?”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 46, 133-138.
  • Siddique, S. ve Rashidi, M.Z. (2015)“Influence of Social Media on Brand Consciousness: A Study of Apparel in Karachi”, Global Journal of Management and Business, 15(6), 8-24.
  • Smith, A. (1776)“Milletlerin Zenginliği”, Hasan Ali Yücel Klasikler Dizisi, Türkiye İş Bankası Kültür Yayınları, Çev. Haldun Derin, 2006.
  • Solomon, M.R., Gamossy, G., Askegaard, S. ve Hogg, M.K. (2006)“Consumer Behaviour; A European Perspective”. Pearson Education.https://books.mec.biz/tmp/books/NXHQRTHBQ2L87NIU6YVN.pdf, (15.11.2020).
  • Sproles, G.B. ve Kendall, E.L. (1986)“A Methodology for Profiling Consumers' Decision‐Making Styles”, Journal of Consumer Affairs, 20(2), 267-279.
  • Tang, T.L.P. (1992)“The Meaning of Money Revisited”,Journal of Organizational Behavior, 13(2), 197-202.
  • Tang, T.L.P. ve Chiu, R.K.K. (2003)“Income, Money Ethic, Pay Satisfaction, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior: Is the Love of Money the Root of Evil for Hong Kong Employees?”, Journal of Business Ethics, 46, 13-30.
  • Tang, T. LP. (2007)“Income and Quality of Life: Does the Love of Money Make a Difference?”, Journal of Business Ethics, 72(4), 375-393.
  • Tang, T.LP. ve Chen, YJ. (2008)“Intelligence vs. Wisdom: The Love of Money”, Machiavellianism, and Unethical Behavior across College Major and Gender. Journal of Business Ethics, 82, 1–26.
  • Tatzel, M. (2002) “Money worlds’’ and well-being: An integration of money dispositions, materialism and price-related behavior”, Journal of Economic Psychology 23, 103-126.
  • Tiltay, M.A. ve Torlak, Ö. (2011)“Materyalist Eğilim, Dinî Değerler, Marka Bağlılığı ve Tüketici Ahlakı Arasındaki İlişkiler”, İş Ahlakı Dergisi, 4(7), 93-130.
  • Troisi, J.D., Christopher, A.N. ve Marek, P. (2006). Materialism and Money Spending Disposition as Predictors of Economic and Personality Variables”,North American Journal of Psychology, 8(3), 421-436.
  • TÜİK (2020)“İl, tek yaş ve cinsiyete göre nüfus”, 2007-2020, TÜİK Haber Bülteni Sayı: 37210, Yayım tarihi: 4 Şubat 2021, https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2020-37210, (19.12.2020).
  • Türk, A. (2017)“Y Kuşağı”, 3. Baskı, Kafekültür Yayıncılık, İstanbul. https://books.google.com.tr/books?hl=tr&lr=&id=7KnoDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA5&dq=T%C3%BCrk+2013+ku%C5%9Fak&ots=V4biB53DSr&sig=6JdS0Q5XSUVfbDw8phrqJ8O3Q&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=T%C3%BCrk%202013%20ku%C5%9Fak&f=false, (23.12.2020).
  • Türk, B. ve Erciş, A. (2017)“Materialism and Its Associated Concepts”, International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6(4), 444-455.
  • Twenge; J.M. ve Kasser; T. (2013)“Generational Changes in Materialism and Work Centrality, 1976-2007: Associations With Temporal Changes in Societal Insecurity and Materialistic Role Modeling”, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 39(7), 883-897.
  • Van Wessel, M. (2004)“Talking about consumption: How an Indian middle class dissociates from middleclass life”, Cultural Dynamics, 16(1), 93-116.
  • Wang, J. ve Wang, X. (2012)“Structural Equation Modeling: Applications using Mplus”, Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Wąsowicz-Kiryło, G. (2013)“Attitudes towards money: Measurement-structure-determinants. Warszawa: Difin. içinde, A. Gasiorowska (2013).Money Attitudes Questionnaire MAQ: Development and validation of measurement scale”, MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive Paper No. 46515.
  • Watson, J.J. (2003)“The relationship of materialism to spending tendencies, saving, and debt”, Journal of economic psychology, 24(6), 723-739.
  • Yamauchi, K.T. ve Templer, D.I. (1982)“The development of a Money Attitude Scale”, Journal of Personality Assessment, 46(5), 522–528.
  • Yang, C., De Wang, Y., ve Niu, H. J. (2008)“The effects of idolatry and personality traits on impulse buying: An empirical study”, International Journal of Management, 25(4), 633-640.
  • Yoon, K. (1995)“Comparison of beliefs about advertising, attitude toward advertising, and materialism held by African Americans and Caucasians”, Psychological Reports, 77(2), 455–466.
  • Zhang, B. ve Kim, JH. (2013)“Luxury fashion consumption in China: Factors affecting attitude and purchase intent”, Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 20(1), 68-79.
  • Zhang, Y. ve Hawk, S.T. (2019)“Considering the Self in the Link Between Self-Esteem and Materialistic Values: The Moderating Role of Self-Construal”, Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 10, Article 1375, 1-13.
Toplam 97 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Filiz Eroğlu 0000-0002-3223-953X

Figen Kılıç 0000-0002-4578-4131

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2021
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Eroğlu, F., & Kılıç, F. (2021). MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Journal of Management and Economics Research, 19(2), 102-129. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.884649
AMA Eroğlu F, Kılıç F. MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Journal of Management and Economics Research. Haziran 2021;19(2):102-129. doi:10.11611/yead.884649
Chicago Eroğlu, Filiz, ve Figen Kılıç. “MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 19, sy. 2 (Haziran 2021): 102-29. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.884649.
EndNote Eroğlu F, Kılıç F (01 Haziran 2021) MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Journal of Management and Economics Research 19 2 102–129.
IEEE F. Eroğlu ve F. Kılıç, “MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”, Journal of Management and Economics Research, c. 19, sy. 2, ss. 102–129, 2021, doi: 10.11611/yead.884649.
ISNAD Eroğlu, Filiz - Kılıç, Figen. “MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Journal of Management and Economics Research 19/2 (Haziran 2021), 102-129. https://doi.org/10.11611/yead.884649.
JAMA Eroğlu F, Kılıç F. MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2021;19:102–129.
MLA Eroğlu, Filiz ve Figen Kılıç. “MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA”. Journal of Management and Economics Research, c. 19, sy. 2, 2021, ss. 102-29, doi:10.11611/yead.884649.
Vancouver Eroğlu F, Kılıç F. MATERYALİST EĞİLİMİN X, Y, Z’Sİ! MATERYALİST EĞİLİM, MARKA BİLİNCİ VE PARAYA VERİLEN ÖNEM ÜSTÜNEKUŞAKLARARASI KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Journal of Management and Economics Research. 2021;19(2):102-29.