Öz
Efficiency is essential for the continuity of livestock enterprises. Ensuring productivity in the enterprises depends on the realization of ideal fertility parameters. Infertility can cause significant economic losses in enterprises because of inefficiency of fry in the desired time, decrease in milk production, unnecessary feeding of ineffective animals, removal from the herd, labor, extra expenses such as semen and medicine. Therefore, it is a primary objective to try to keep the fertility of animals at an optimum level in all livestock enterprises. Anoestrus problem is one of the factors that make it difficult to reach this target in large cattle breeding companies. Anoestrus is a reproductive problem, which is continuously ignored and causes serious economic losses in livestock enterprises. In addition to prolonging the postpartum period, anoestrus causes a decrease in the number of calves born during the year and a decrease in the income obtained from the sale of meat and milk. Anoestrus, one of the main causes of infertility in cows; malnutrition, environmental factors, ovarian and uterine pathologies and managerial deficiencies or errors. Accurate identification of anestrus and finding solutions to its causes is vital for productivity in cattle holdings. In this review, the factors that cause anoestrus in cows and the classification of physiological and pathological anoestrus are discussed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Peter A., Vos P., Ambrose D., 2009. Postpartum anestrus in dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 71, 1333-1342. 2. Kumar PR., Singh SK., Kharche SD., Govindaraju CS., Behera BK., Shukla SN., Kumar H., Agarwal SK., 2014. Anestrus in cattle and buffalo: Indian perspective. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2, 124-138. 3. Madhuri G., Rajashri M., Kesharwani S., 2017. Post-partum anoestrus in dairy cows: A review. Technology, 6, 1447-1452. 4. Pariza KF., Alam J., Islam MR., Hossain MM., Awal MA., 2013. Investigation of hematological and biochemical profiles of anoestrus zebu cows. Bang J Vet Med, 11, 57-60. 5. Kumar J., Srivastava S., Kumar R., 2018. Studies on efficacy of janova, sepia and GnRH-PG-GnRH regimen on induction of cyclicity in postpartum anoestrus Cows. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci, 7, 22-28. 6. Silva J., Figueiredo J., Van den Hurk R., 2009. Involvement of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in ovarian folliculogenesis. Theriogenology, 71, 1193-1208. 7. Roche JF., 2006. The effect of nutritional management of the dairy cow on reproductive efficiency. Anim Reprod Sci, 96, 282-296. 8. Canadas ER., Gobikrushanth M., Fernandez P., Kenneally J., Lonergan P., Butler ST., 2019. Evaluation of alternative strategies to treat anoestrous dairy cows and implications for reproductive performance in pasture-based seasonal calving herds: a pilot study. Theriogenology, 127, 130-136. 9. Hopper RM., 2014. Postpartum anestrus and its management in dairy cattle. In ''Bovine Reproduction'', Ed., M Richard, 1st ed., 456-464, Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India. 10. Santos J., Rutigliano HM., Sa Filho M., 2009. Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 110, 207-221. 11. Zhang J., Deng LX., Zhang HL., Hua GH., Han L., Zhu Y., Yang LG., 2010. Effects of parity on uterine involution and resumption of ovarian activities in postpartum Chinese Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 93, 1979-1986. 12. Şenünver A., Nak Y., 2015. İnfertilite. In ''Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji'', Ed., A Semacan, M Kaymaz, M Fındık, A Şirvanlı, A Köker, 2th ed., 448-450 Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, Türkiye. 13. Elmetwally MA., 2018. Uterine involution and ovarian activity in postpartum Holstein dairy cows. A review. J Vet Healt, 1, 29-40. 14. Buhecha KV., Dhami AJ., Hadiya KK., Patel MD., Parmar SC., Killedar A., 2016. Influence of different estrus synchronization protocols on fertility and plasma progesterone in anoestrus crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Sci, 36, 1-5. 15. Sakaguchi M., 2011. Practical aspects of the fertility of dairy cattle. J Reprod Dev, 57, 17-33. 16. Crowe M., 2008. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity in post‐partum beef and dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim, 43, 20-28. 17. Diskin MG., Mackey DR., Roche JF., Sreenan JM., 2003. Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 78, 345-370. 18. Hayırlı A., Çolak A., 2011. İneklerin kuru ve geçiş dönemlerinde sevk-idare ve besleme stratejileri: postpartum süreçte metabolik profil, sağlık durumu ve fertiliteye etkisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 2, 1-35. 19. Dutta LJ., Nath KC., Deka BC., Bhuyan D., Borah P., Saikia GK., Bharali CAD., 2019. Therapeutic management of true anestrous crossbred cows through nutritional and hormonal intervention. J Entomol Zool Stud, 7, 9-12. 20. Daşkın A., 2005. Sığırcılık işletmelerinde reprodüksiyon yönetimi ve suni tohumlama. 1st ed., 157-158, Uğurer Tarım, Ankara. 21. Yang MY., Fortune JE., 2015. Changes in the transcriptome of bovine ovarian cortex during follicle activation in vitro. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 47, 600-612. 22. Lucy MC., 2007. Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl, 64, 237-254. 23. Walsh RB., Kelton DF., Duffield TF., Leslie KE, Walton JS., Le Blanc SJ., 2007. Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum anovulatory condition in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 315-324. 24. Fındık M., Ay SS., 2011. İneklerde ovaryumun işlevsel bozuklukları. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 2, 66-73. 25. Mwaanga E., Janowski T., 2000. Anoestrus in dairy cows: causes, prevalence and clinical forms. Reprod Domest Anim, 35, 193-200. 26. Williams EJ., Sibley K., Miller AN., Lane EA., Fishwick J., Nash DM., Sheldon IM., 2008. The effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor alpha on ovarian function. Am J Reprod Immunol, 60, 462-473. 27. Suchitra BR., Renukardhya GJ., Sahadev A., Shivaraju MV., 2016. CIDR and PGF2α for induction of cyclicity in postpartum anestrus crossbred cows. Intas Polivet, 17, 49-52. 28. Whitfield L., 2018. Ovarian ultrasound for fertility management in dairy cattle. Livestock, 23, 54-160. 29. Mittal D., Garg UK., Jatav GP., Shukla S., Sharda R., 2010. Prevalence of different pathological affections of ovaries in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Buffalo Bulletin, 29, 39-42. 30. Wiltbank M., Gümen A., Sartori R., 2002. Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenology, 57, 21-52.
Öz
Hayvancılık işletmelerinin devamlılığı için verimlilik esastır. İşletmelerde verimliliğin sağlanması, ideal fertilite parametrelerinin gerçekleştirilebilmesine bağlıdır. İnfertilite; istenilen sürede yavru alınamaması, süt üretiminin düşmesi, verim alınamayan hayvanların gereksiz beslenmesi, sürüden çıkarılması, iş gücü, sperma ve ilaç gibi fazladan yapılan harcamalar sonucu işletmelerde önemli derecede ekonomik kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu nedenle tüm hayvancılık işletmelerinde hayvanların dölverimini optimum düzeyde tutmaya çalışmak öncelikli hedeftir. Sığır yetiştiriciliği yapılan büyük işletmelerde bu hedefe ulaşılmasını zorlaştıran faktörlerden bir tanesi de anöstrus problemidir. Anöstrus, hayvancılık işletmelerinde ciddi ekonomik kayıplara neden olan ve sürekli göz ardı edilen bir üreme problemidir. Anöstrus, postpartum süreyi uzatmasının yanı sıra yıl içinde doğan buzağı sayısının azalmasına, et ve süt satışından elde edilen gelirin düşmesine neden olur. İneklerde infertilitenin başlıca nedenlerinden biri olan anöstrusa; yetersiz beslenme, çevresel faktörler, ovaryum ve uterus patolojileri ile yönetimsel eksiklikler veya hatalar gibi birçok faktör neden olmaktadır. Anöstrusun doğru bir şekilde tanımlanması ve nedenlerine yönelik çözümlerin bulunması sığırcılık işletmelerinde verimlilik açısından hayati öneme sahiptir. Sunulan bu derlemede ise, ineklerde anöstrusa neden olan faktörler ile fizyolojik ve patolojik anöstrusun sınıflandırılmasına değinilmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Peter A., Vos P., Ambrose D., 2009. Postpartum anestrus in dairy cattle. Theriogenology, 71, 1333-1342. 2. Kumar PR., Singh SK., Kharche SD., Govindaraju CS., Behera BK., Shukla SN., Kumar H., Agarwal SK., 2014. Anestrus in cattle and buffalo: Indian perspective. Adv Anim Vet Sci, 2, 124-138. 3. Madhuri G., Rajashri M., Kesharwani S., 2017. Post-partum anoestrus in dairy cows: A review. Technology, 6, 1447-1452. 4. Pariza KF., Alam J., Islam MR., Hossain MM., Awal MA., 2013. Investigation of hematological and biochemical profiles of anoestrus zebu cows. Bang J Vet Med, 11, 57-60. 5. Kumar J., Srivastava S., Kumar R., 2018. Studies on efficacy of janova, sepia and GnRH-PG-GnRH regimen on induction of cyclicity in postpartum anoestrus Cows. Bull Env Pharmacol Life Sci, 7, 22-28. 6. Silva J., Figueiredo J., Van den Hurk R., 2009. Involvement of growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system in ovarian folliculogenesis. Theriogenology, 71, 1193-1208. 7. Roche JF., 2006. The effect of nutritional management of the dairy cow on reproductive efficiency. Anim Reprod Sci, 96, 282-296. 8. Canadas ER., Gobikrushanth M., Fernandez P., Kenneally J., Lonergan P., Butler ST., 2019. Evaluation of alternative strategies to treat anoestrous dairy cows and implications for reproductive performance in pasture-based seasonal calving herds: a pilot study. Theriogenology, 127, 130-136. 9. Hopper RM., 2014. Postpartum anestrus and its management in dairy cattle. In ''Bovine Reproduction'', Ed., M Richard, 1st ed., 456-464, Publisher Services, Pondicherry, India. 10. Santos J., Rutigliano HM., Sa Filho M., 2009. Risk factors for resumption of postpartum estrous cycles and embryonic survival in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 110, 207-221. 11. Zhang J., Deng LX., Zhang HL., Hua GH., Han L., Zhu Y., Yang LG., 2010. Effects of parity on uterine involution and resumption of ovarian activities in postpartum Chinese Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 93, 1979-1986. 12. Şenünver A., Nak Y., 2015. İnfertilite. In ''Çiftlik Hayvanlarında Doğum ve Jinekoloji'', Ed., A Semacan, M Kaymaz, M Fındık, A Şirvanlı, A Köker, 2th ed., 448-450 Medipres Matbaacılık, Malatya, Türkiye. 13. Elmetwally MA., 2018. Uterine involution and ovarian activity in postpartum Holstein dairy cows. A review. J Vet Healt, 1, 29-40. 14. Buhecha KV., Dhami AJ., Hadiya KK., Patel MD., Parmar SC., Killedar A., 2016. Influence of different estrus synchronization protocols on fertility and plasma progesterone in anoestrus crossbred cows. Indian J Anim Sci, 36, 1-5. 15. Sakaguchi M., 2011. Practical aspects of the fertility of dairy cattle. J Reprod Dev, 57, 17-33. 16. Crowe M., 2008. Resumption of ovarian cyclicity in post‐partum beef and dairy cows. Reprod Domest Anim, 43, 20-28. 17. Diskin MG., Mackey DR., Roche JF., Sreenan JM., 2003. Effects of nutrition and metabolic status on circulating hormones and ovarian follicle development in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 78, 345-370. 18. Hayırlı A., Çolak A., 2011. İneklerin kuru ve geçiş dönemlerinde sevk-idare ve besleme stratejileri: postpartum süreçte metabolik profil, sağlık durumu ve fertiliteye etkisi. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 2, 1-35. 19. Dutta LJ., Nath KC., Deka BC., Bhuyan D., Borah P., Saikia GK., Bharali CAD., 2019. Therapeutic management of true anestrous crossbred cows through nutritional and hormonal intervention. J Entomol Zool Stud, 7, 9-12. 20. Daşkın A., 2005. Sığırcılık işletmelerinde reprodüksiyon yönetimi ve suni tohumlama. 1st ed., 157-158, Uğurer Tarım, Ankara. 21. Yang MY., Fortune JE., 2015. Changes in the transcriptome of bovine ovarian cortex during follicle activation in vitro. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol, 47, 600-612. 22. Lucy MC., 2007. Fertility in high-producing dairy cows: reasons for decline and corrective strategies for sustainable improvement. Soc Reprod Fertil Suppl, 64, 237-254. 23. Walsh RB., Kelton DF., Duffield TF., Leslie KE, Walton JS., Le Blanc SJ., 2007. Prevalence and risk factors for postpartum anovulatory condition in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 315-324. 24. Fındık M., Ay SS., 2011. İneklerde ovaryumun işlevsel bozuklukları. Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci, 2, 66-73. 25. Mwaanga E., Janowski T., 2000. Anoestrus in dairy cows: causes, prevalence and clinical forms. Reprod Domest Anim, 35, 193-200. 26. Williams EJ., Sibley K., Miller AN., Lane EA., Fishwick J., Nash DM., Sheldon IM., 2008. The effect of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and tumour necrosis factor alpha on ovarian function. Am J Reprod Immunol, 60, 462-473. 27. Suchitra BR., Renukardhya GJ., Sahadev A., Shivaraju MV., 2016. CIDR and PGF2α for induction of cyclicity in postpartum anestrus crossbred cows. Intas Polivet, 17, 49-52. 28. Whitfield L., 2018. Ovarian ultrasound for fertility management in dairy cattle. Livestock, 23, 54-160. 29. Mittal D., Garg UK., Jatav GP., Shukla S., Sharda R., 2010. Prevalence of different pathological affections of ovaries in buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh. Buffalo Bulletin, 29, 39-42. 30. Wiltbank M., Gümen A., Sartori R., 2002. Physiological classification of anovulatory conditions in cattle. Theriogenology, 57, 21-52.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 25 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 14 Sayı: 3 |