Öz
This study introduces the design of a practical
three-stage operational amplifier (op-amp) using nested Miller compensation,
particularly for piezoelectric actuators. Driving a piezoelectric actuator
represents a challenge in amplifier design due to its large capacitive nature.
A stable piezo driver needs to be free of oscillations and phase lag. Direct
feedback compensation using a conventional Miller capacitor is an effective
method as long as the capacitance of the load is considerably close to the
value of the Miller capacitor. However, using a large capacitor causes a
decrease in the slew rate and gain bandwidth. To avoid this, our design focused
on the utilization of nested Miller compensation technique. A prototype of the
design working at 100V peak to peak voltage (Vpp) is implemented
using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) components. The measurements show the
successful driving capability and step-response of the op-amp design. In the
design, Widlar current source is also utilized for thermal stability and short
circuit protection. According to simulation results, the proposed op-amp has a
slew rate of 0.5 V/μs, an open loop gain of 90dB with 3MHz Gain Bandwidth
Product (GBP) and phase margin of 77°, and a common mode rejection ratio (CMRR)
of 62dB.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Operational Amplifier Stability Piezoelectric Actuator Piezo Driver
Destekleyen Kurum
Hacettepe University
Proje Numarası
FAY-2017-14008
Kaynakça
- 1. C. M. Dougherty, L. Xua, J. Pulskamp, S. Bedair, R. Polcawich, B. Morgan, and R. Bashirullah, "A 10V Fully-Integrated Switched-Mode Step-up Piezo Drive Stage in 0.13 μm CMOS Using Nested-Bootstrapped Switch Cells," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2016, vol. 51, pp. 1475-1486.
- 2. S. C. Doret, "Simple, low-noise piezo driver with feed-forward for broad tuning of external cavity diode lasers," Review of Scientific Instruments, 2018, vol. 89.
- 3. H. Ma, R. V. D. Zee, and B. Nauta, "A High-Voltage Class-D Power Amplifier With Switching Frequency Regulation for Improved High-Efficiency Output Power Range," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2015, vol. 50, pp. 1451-1462.
- 4. H. Tang and Y. Li, "Development and Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a Compliant Micro-/Nanopositioning Piezostage with Dual Mode," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, vol. 61, pp. 1475-1492.
- 5. S. Polit and J. Dong, "Development of a high-bandwidth XY nanopositioning stage for high-rate micro-/nanomanufacturing," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2011 vol. 16, pp. 724-733.
- 6. S. P. Wadikhaye, Y. K. Yong, and S. O. R. Moheimani, "A serial-kinematic nanopositioner for high-speed atomic force microscopy," Review of Scientific Instruments, 2014, vol. 85.
- 7. L. T. Creagh and M. McDonald, "Design and Performance of Inkjet Print Heads for Non-Graphic-Arts Applications," MRS Bulletin, 2003, vol. 28, pp. 807-811.
- 8. A. Michael and C. Y. Kwok, "Piezoelectric micro-lens actuator," Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, 2015, vol. 236, pp. 116-129.
- 9. B. Oh, S. Oh, K. Lee, and M. Sunwoo, "Development of an injector driver for piezo actuated common rail injectors," in SAE Technical Papers - 14th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference, Hollywood, CA, 2007.
- 10. S. Baglio, G. Muscato, and N. Savalli, "Tactile measuring systems for the recognition of unknown surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2002, vol. 51, pp. 522-531.
- 11. A. Robichaud, P.-V. Cicek, D. Deslandes, and F. Nabki, "Frequency Tuning Technique of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers for Ranging Applications," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2018, vol. 27, pp. 570-579.
- 12. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
- 13. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits: Oxford University Press, 2016.
- 14. K. N. Leung and P. K. T. Mok, "Analysis of multistage amplifier-frequency compensation," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 2001, vol. 48, pp. 1041-1056.
- 15. V. Saxena and R. J. Baker, "Indirect feedback compensation of CMOS op-amps," 2006 IEEE Workshop on Microelectronics and Electron Devices, 2006 (WMED '06), 14 April 2006.
- 16. D. Marano, G. Palumbo, and S. Pennisi, "Step-Response Optimisation Techniques for Low-Power, Three-stage operational Amplifiers Driving Large Capacitive Loads" IET Circuits, Devices and Systems, 2010, vol. 4(2), pp. 87-98.
- 17. R Mita, G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, “Design Guidelines for Reversed Nested Miller Compensation in Three-Stage Amplifiers”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 2003, vol. 50, pp. 227-233.
- 18. S. T. NGuyen and T. T. Bui, "A Design Procedure for Three-Stage Operational Amplifier Using Indirect Compensation Technique," presented at The 2014 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2014), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014.
- 19. S. Sengupta, K. Saurabh, and P. E. Allen, "A process, voltage, and temperature compensated CMOS constant current reference," in Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems-2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - Proceedings, Vancouver, 2004, pp. 1325-1328.
- 20. P. E. Allen and D. R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- 21. ON Semiconductor, "MPSA42 / MMBTA42 / PZTA42 NPN High-Voltage Amplifier," MMBTA42 Datasheet, Oct. 2014.
Öz
Proje Numarası
FAY-2017-14008
Kaynakça
- 1. C. M. Dougherty, L. Xua, J. Pulskamp, S. Bedair, R. Polcawich, B. Morgan, and R. Bashirullah, "A 10V Fully-Integrated Switched-Mode Step-up Piezo Drive Stage in 0.13 μm CMOS Using Nested-Bootstrapped Switch Cells," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2016, vol. 51, pp. 1475-1486.
- 2. S. C. Doret, "Simple, low-noise piezo driver with feed-forward for broad tuning of external cavity diode lasers," Review of Scientific Instruments, 2018, vol. 89.
- 3. H. Ma, R. V. D. Zee, and B. Nauta, "A High-Voltage Class-D Power Amplifier With Switching Frequency Regulation for Improved High-Efficiency Output Power Range," IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2015, vol. 50, pp. 1451-1462.
- 4. H. Tang and Y. Li, "Development and Active Disturbance Rejection Control of a Compliant Micro-/Nanopositioning Piezostage with Dual Mode," IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 2014, vol. 61, pp. 1475-1492.
- 5. S. Polit and J. Dong, "Development of a high-bandwidth XY nanopositioning stage for high-rate micro-/nanomanufacturing," IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics, 2011 vol. 16, pp. 724-733.
- 6. S. P. Wadikhaye, Y. K. Yong, and S. O. R. Moheimani, "A serial-kinematic nanopositioner for high-speed atomic force microscopy," Review of Scientific Instruments, 2014, vol. 85.
- 7. L. T. Creagh and M. McDonald, "Design and Performance of Inkjet Print Heads for Non-Graphic-Arts Applications," MRS Bulletin, 2003, vol. 28, pp. 807-811.
- 8. A. Michael and C. Y. Kwok, "Piezoelectric micro-lens actuator," Sensors and Actuators A-Physical, 2015, vol. 236, pp. 116-129.
- 9. B. Oh, S. Oh, K. Lee, and M. Sunwoo, "Development of an injector driver for piezo actuated common rail injectors," in SAE Technical Papers - 14th Asia Pacific Automotive Engineering Conference, Hollywood, CA, 2007.
- 10. S. Baglio, G. Muscato, and N. Savalli, "Tactile measuring systems for the recognition of unknown surfaces," IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, 2002, vol. 51, pp. 522-531.
- 11. A. Robichaud, P.-V. Cicek, D. Deslandes, and F. Nabki, "Frequency Tuning Technique of Piezoelectric Ultrasonic Transducers for Ranging Applications," Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, 2018, vol. 27, pp. 570-579.
- 12. B. Razavi, Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
- 13. A. S. Sedra and K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits: Oxford University Press, 2016.
- 14. K. N. Leung and P. K. T. Mok, "Analysis of multistage amplifier-frequency compensation," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, 2001, vol. 48, pp. 1041-1056.
- 15. V. Saxena and R. J. Baker, "Indirect feedback compensation of CMOS op-amps," 2006 IEEE Workshop on Microelectronics and Electron Devices, 2006 (WMED '06), 14 April 2006.
- 16. D. Marano, G. Palumbo, and S. Pennisi, "Step-Response Optimisation Techniques for Low-Power, Three-stage operational Amplifiers Driving Large Capacitive Loads" IET Circuits, Devices and Systems, 2010, vol. 4(2), pp. 87-98.
- 17. R Mita, G. Palumbo, S. Pennisi, “Design Guidelines for Reversed Nested Miller Compensation in Three-Stage Amplifiers”, IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Analog and Digital Signal Processing, 2003, vol. 50, pp. 227-233.
- 18. S. T. NGuyen and T. T. Bui, "A Design Procedure for Three-Stage Operational Amplifier Using Indirect Compensation Technique," presented at The 2014 International Conference on Advanced Technologies for Communications (ATC 2014), Hanoi, Vietnam, 2014.
- 19. S. Sengupta, K. Saurabh, and P. E. Allen, "A process, voltage, and temperature compensated CMOS constant current reference," in Proceedings - IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems-2004 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems - Proceedings, Vancouver, 2004, pp. 1325-1328.
- 20. P. E. Allen and D. R. Holberg, CMOS Analog Circuit Design, 3rd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
- 21. ON Semiconductor, "MPSA42 / MMBTA42 / PZTA42 NPN High-Voltage Amplifier," MMBTA42 Datasheet, Oct. 2014.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Elektrik Mühendisliği |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | FAY-2017-14008 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 30 Nisan 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 2 |
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