Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4, 1340 - 1345, 27.12.2020
Öz
Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı gebelerin yaşı, doğum sayısı, eğitim düzeyi ve göçmenlik durumu faktörlerinin doğum korkusu üzerine olan etkisini araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma 25.07.2019 – 01.11.2019 tarihleri arasında Kütahya Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Evliya Çelebi Eğitim Araştırma Hastanesi’ne başvuran, tamamı okuma yazma bilen, 32-36 hafta arasındaki araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılmayı kabul eden 444 gebe dahil edilerek yapıldı. Veriler Wijma Doğum Beklentisi/Deneyimi Ölçeği (W-DEQ) ile toplanmıştır ve Göçmen hastalara tercüman eşliğinde poliklinik doktoru tarafından anket soruları soruldu.
Bulgular: Çalışma grubunu oluşturan gebelerde ortalama yaş 31,65±6,83 yıl idi. Tüm katılımcıların %24.8’i (n=110) düşük doğum korkusuna, %21.8’i (n=97) orta düzey doğum korkusuna, %27.9’u (n=124) şiddetli doğum korkusuna ve %25’inde (n=113) çok şiddetli doğum korkusuna sahip olarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların eğitim düzeyi arttıkça W-DEQ skorununda arttığı görülürken, sadece üniversite mezunu ve lisansüstü mezunu gebeler arasında fark görülmemiştir. Göçmen gebelerde ise Türkiye vatandaşı ggebelere göre doğum korkusu anlamlı olarak az bulunmuştur.
Sonuç: Doğum korkusu yaştan, eğitim durumundan, göçmenlik durumundan etkilenmekte olup, bu koşullar toplumlara göre değişiklik göstermektedir. Doğum korkusunu arttıran koşulların önceden belirlenmesi ve seçilmiş hasta gruplarında sosyal destek programları uygulanması doğum korkusunu azaltıp, ülkemizde artan sezaryen oranlarını düşürebilir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Referans1. Phunyammalee M, Buayaem T, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Fear of childbirth and associated factors among low-risk pregnant women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2019:1-5.
- Referans2. Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1998;19(2):84-97.
- Referans3. Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, Wangel AM, Karro H, Kristjansdottir H, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth (Berkeley, Calif). 2015;42(1):48-55.
- Referans4. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho‐education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth. 2014;41(4):384-94.
- Referans5. O'Connell MA, Leahy‐Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2017;96(8):907-20.
- Referans6. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre‐and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women. Journal of clinical nursing. 2009;18(5):667-77.
- Referans7. Räisänen S, Lehto S, Nielsen H, Gissler M, Kramer M, Heinonen S. Fear of childbirth in nulliparous and multiparous women: a population‐based analysis of all singleton births in F inland in 1997–2010. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2014;121(8):965-70.
- Referans8. Rouhe H, Salmela‐Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2009;116(1):67-73.
- Referans9. Saimonka W, Anusornteerakul S, Ungpansattawong S. Factors Related to Fear of Childbirth during the First Stage of Labor (ปัจจัย ที่ มี ความ สัมพันธ์ กับ ความ กลัว การ คลอด ของ มารดา ใน ระยะ ที่ 1 ของ การ คลอด). Journal of Nursing Science and Health. 2012;35(2):34-42.
- Referans10. Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE, Halmesmaki E. Psychosocial characteristics of women and their partners fearing vaginal childbirth. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2001;108(5):492-8.
- Referans11. D. Güleç RÖ, Ü. Sevil, M. Kazandı,. The Relationship Between Fear of Birth and Perceived Social Support of Pregnant Woman. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst. 2014;24(1):36-41.
- Referans12. Fenwick J, Toohill J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, et al. Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women’s birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2015;15(1):284.
- Referans13. Klabbers GA, Wijma K, Paarlberg KM, Emons WH, Vingerhoets AJ. Haptotherapy as a new intervention for treating fear of childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019;40(1):38-47.
- Referans14. Deliktas A, Kukulu K. Pregnant Women in Turkey Experience Severe Fear of Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society. 2019;30(5):501-11.
- Referans15. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Basın açıklaması 2019, October. Available from: https://www.goc.gov.tr/uluslararasi-af-orgutunun-suriyelilerin-hukuka-aykiri-olarak-sinir-disi-edildigi-iddiasina-iliskin-basin-aciklamasi.
- Referans16. Phunyammalee M, Buayaem T, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Fear of childbirth and associated factors among low-risk pregnant women. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2019;39(6):763-7.
- Referans17. O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM, Khashan AS. The prevalence and risk factors of fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Ireland. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2019;98(8):1014-23.
- Referans18. Mortazavi F, Agah J. Childbirth Fear and Associated Factors in a Sample of Pregnant Iranian Women. Oman medical journal. 2018;33(6):497-505.
- Referans19. Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section--a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2009;88(7):807-13.
- Referans20. Salomonsson B, Bertero C, Alehagen S. Self-efficacy in pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN. 2013;42(2):191-202.
- Referans21. Henriksen L, Borgen A, Rislokken J, Lukasse M. Fear of birth: Prevalence, counselling and method of birth at five obstetrical units in Norway. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives. 2018.
- Referans22. Khwepeya M, Lee GT, Chen SR, Kuo SY. Childbirth fear and related factors among pregnant and postpartum women in Malawi. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18(1):391.
- Referans23. Waldenstrom U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2006;113(6):638-46.
- Referans24. Ternstrom E, Hildingsson I, Haines H, Rubertsson C. Higher prevalence of childbirth related fear in foreign born pregnant women--findings from a community sample in Sweden. Midwifery. 2015;31(4):445-50.
- Referans25. MoghaddamHosseini V, Makai A, Varga K, Acs P, Premusz V, Varnagy A. Assessing fear of childbirth and its predictors among Hungarian pregnant women using Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire subscales. Psychology, health & medicine. 2019;24(7):879-89.
- Referans26. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C, Danish National Birth C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2008;115(3):354-60.
Yıl 2020,
Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4, 1340 - 1345, 27.12.2020
Öz
Purpose: We aimed to investigate the level of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in terms of factors such as age, number of births, education level, and immigration status.
Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by including 444 pregnant women who have 32-36 weeks of pregnancy and voluntarily agree to participate in the research, all of them are literate and applied to Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital between 25.07.2019 - 01.11.2019. The data were collected using the Wijma Birth Expectation / Experience Scale (W-DEQ), and the questionnaire was administered to the immigrant patients by an outpatient doctor via an interpreter.
Results: The average age of the pregnant women was 31.65 ± 6.83 years. 24.8% (n = 110) of all the participants had low levels of fear of childbirth, 21.8% (n = 97) had moderate fear, 27.9% (n = 124) had severe fear, and 25% (n = 113) were identified as having very severe fear of childbirth. The W-DEQ score increased as the education level increased, but there was no difference between university graduates and postgraduate pregnant women. Fear of childbirth in migrant women was found to be significantly lower compared to Turkish women.
Conclusion: Fear of childbirth is affected by age, education, immigration, and these conditions vary among societies. Pre-determining conditions that can increase fear of childbirth and implementing social support programs in selected patient groups may decrease the fear of childbirth and lower the number of cesarean sections in Turkey.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Referans1. Phunyammalee M, Buayaem T, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Fear of childbirth and associated factors among low-risk pregnant women. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2019:1-5.
- Referans2. Wijma K, Wijma B, Zar M. Psychometric aspects of the W-DEQ; a new questionnaire for the measurement of fear of childbirth. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1998;19(2):84-97.
- Referans3. Ryding EL, Lukasse M, Parys AS, Wangel AM, Karro H, Kristjansdottir H, et al. Fear of childbirth and risk of cesarean delivery: a cohort study in six European countries. Birth (Berkeley, Calif). 2015;42(1):48-55.
- Referans4. Toohill J, Fenwick J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, et al. A randomized controlled trial of a psycho‐education intervention by midwives in reducing childbirth fear in pregnant women. Birth. 2014;41(4):384-94.
- Referans5. O'Connell MA, Leahy‐Warren P, Khashan AS, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM. Worldwide prevalence of tocophobia in pregnant women: systematic review and meta‐analysis. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2017;96(8):907-20.
- Referans6. Fenwick J, Gamble J, Nathan E, Bayes S, Hauck Y. Pre‐and postpartum levels of childbirth fear and the relationship to birth outcomes in a cohort of Australian women. Journal of clinical nursing. 2009;18(5):667-77.
- Referans7. Räisänen S, Lehto S, Nielsen H, Gissler M, Kramer M, Heinonen S. Fear of childbirth in nulliparous and multiparous women: a population‐based analysis of all singleton births in F inland in 1997–2010. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2014;121(8):965-70.
- Referans8. Rouhe H, Salmela‐Aro K, Halmesmäki E, Saisto T. Fear of childbirth according to parity, gestational age, and obstetric history. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2009;116(1):67-73.
- Referans9. Saimonka W, Anusornteerakul S, Ungpansattawong S. Factors Related to Fear of Childbirth during the First Stage of Labor (ปัจจัย ที่ มี ความ สัมพันธ์ กับ ความ กลัว การ คลอด ของ มารดา ใน ระยะ ที่ 1 ของ การ คลอด). Journal of Nursing Science and Health. 2012;35(2):34-42.
- Referans10. Saisto T, Salmela-Aro K, Nurmi JE, Halmesmaki E. Psychosocial characteristics of women and their partners fearing vaginal childbirth. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2001;108(5):492-8.
- Referans11. D. Güleç RÖ, Ü. Sevil, M. Kazandı,. The Relationship Between Fear of Birth and Perceived Social Support of Pregnant Woman. Turkiye Klinikleri J Gynecol Obst. 2014;24(1):36-41.
- Referans12. Fenwick J, Toohill J, Gamble J, Creedy DK, Buist A, Turkstra E, et al. Effects of a midwife psycho-education intervention to reduce childbirth fear on women’s birth outcomes and postpartum psychological wellbeing. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2015;15(1):284.
- Referans13. Klabbers GA, Wijma K, Paarlberg KM, Emons WH, Vingerhoets AJ. Haptotherapy as a new intervention for treating fear of childbirth: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2019;40(1):38-47.
- Referans14. Deliktas A, Kukulu K. Pregnant Women in Turkey Experience Severe Fear of Childbirth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society. 2019;30(5):501-11.
- Referans15. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti İçişleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü. Basın açıklaması 2019, October. Available from: https://www.goc.gov.tr/uluslararasi-af-orgutunun-suriyelilerin-hukuka-aykiri-olarak-sinir-disi-edildigi-iddiasina-iliskin-basin-aciklamasi.
- Referans16. Phunyammalee M, Buayaem T, Boriboonhirunsarn D. Fear of childbirth and associated factors among low-risk pregnant women. Journal of obstetrics and gynaecology : the journal of the Institute of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2019;39(6):763-7.
- Referans17. O'Connell MA, Leahy-Warren P, Kenny LC, O'Neill SM, Khashan AS. The prevalence and risk factors of fear of childbirth among pregnant women: A cross-sectional study in Ireland. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2019;98(8):1014-23.
- Referans18. Mortazavi F, Agah J. Childbirth Fear and Associated Factors in a Sample of Pregnant Iranian Women. Oman medical journal. 2018;33(6):497-505.
- Referans19. Nieminen K, Stephansson O, Ryding EL. Women's fear of childbirth and preference for cesarean section--a cross-sectional study at various stages of pregnancy in Sweden. Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica. 2009;88(7):807-13.
- Referans20. Salomonsson B, Bertero C, Alehagen S. Self-efficacy in pregnant women with severe fear of childbirth. Journal of obstetric, gynecologic, and neonatal nursing : JOGNN. 2013;42(2):191-202.
- Referans21. Henriksen L, Borgen A, Rislokken J, Lukasse M. Fear of birth: Prevalence, counselling and method of birth at five obstetrical units in Norway. Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives. 2018.
- Referans22. Khwepeya M, Lee GT, Chen SR, Kuo SY. Childbirth fear and related factors among pregnant and postpartum women in Malawi. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018;18(1):391.
- Referans23. Waldenstrom U, Hildingsson I, Ryding EL. Antenatal fear of childbirth and its association with subsequent caesarean section and experience of childbirth. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2006;113(6):638-46.
- Referans24. Ternstrom E, Hildingsson I, Haines H, Rubertsson C. Higher prevalence of childbirth related fear in foreign born pregnant women--findings from a community sample in Sweden. Midwifery. 2015;31(4):445-50.
- Referans25. MoghaddamHosseini V, Makai A, Varga K, Acs P, Premusz V, Varnagy A. Assessing fear of childbirth and its predictors among Hungarian pregnant women using Wijma Delivery Expectancy/Experience Questionnaire subscales. Psychology, health & medicine. 2019;24(7):879-89.
- Referans26. Laursen M, Hedegaard M, Johansen C, Danish National Birth C. Fear of childbirth: predictors and temporal changes among nulliparous women in the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology. 2008;115(3):354-60.
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum |
| Bölüm | Araştırma |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2020 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 10 Temmuz 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 45 Sayı: 4 |
