Öz
Purpose of this research is to compare provincial and
regional tourism master plans prepared by various institutions in Turkey.
Tourism master plans prepared under governorates coordinated by provincial
directorate of culture and tourism formed the data source. In data analysis,
content of master plans was analyzed by using descriptive analysis method
according to World Tourism Organization National and Regional Tourism Planning
criteria. According to data obtained, it was revealed that national tourism master
plans have had some omissions compared with international criteria. In
particular, it was determined that there have been many problems in such issues
as expert team, destination carrying capacity, economic depressive aspects of
the region to be planned, shelter opportunities of tourism sector employees, analysis
of global, domestic and regional tourism patterns and trends. Research results are
thought to contribute to future researches and master plans and the tourism
master planning process in order to adapt international criteria.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tourism Master Plans Descriptive Analysis Comparative Analysis Policy and Strategy
Kaynakça
- Alipour, H. ve Kilic, H. (2005). An institutional appraisal of tourism development and planning: the case of the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus (TRNC). Tourism Management, 26(1), 79-94.
- Baud-Bovy, M. (1982). New Concepts in Planning for Tourism and Recreation. Tourism Management, 3(4), 308-313.
- Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97–116.
- Edgell, D. E., Allen, M. D. M., Smith, G. and Swanson, J. R. (2008). Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Oxford: Elsevier.
- Goodrich, J. N. (1978). The Relationship Between Preferences For and Perceptions of Vacation Destinations: Application of a Choice Model. Journal of Travel Research, 17(2), 8-13.
- Gülüm, E. (2015). Yaratıcı Turizm-Halk Kültürü İlişkisi ve Yerelin Popülerleşmesi. Millî Folklor, 27(105), 87-98.
- Haugland, S. A., Ness, H., Grønseth, B. O., & Aarstad, J. (2011). Development of Tourism destinations: An Integrated Multilevel Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 268-290.
- Hu, Y. and Ritchie, J. B. (1993). Measuring destination attractiveness: A contextual approach. Journal of travel research, 32(2), 25-34.
- Inskeep, E. (1994). National and Regional Turizm Planning: Methodologies and Case Studies, World Tourism Organization: Routredge Series.
- Judd, D. R. (1999). Constructing the Tourist Bubble, Judd, Dennis R. and Fainstein, Susan S., The Tourist City pp. 35-53.
- Kruja, D. and Gjyrezi, A. (2011).” The Special Interest Tourism Development and The Small Regions”. Turizam, 15(2), 77-89.
- Kunzmann, K. R. (2004). “Culture, Creativity and Spatial Planning”. Town Planning Review, 383-404.
- North Lake Tahoe Resort Association (2015). North Lake Tahoe Tourism Master Plan, https://www.gotahoenorth.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/2015-North-Lake-Tahoe-Tourism-Master-Plan1.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2018).
- Olalı, H. (1990). Turizm Politikası ve Planlaması. İstanbul: İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları No: 228.
- Pearce, D. (1989). Tourist Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons
- Solimar International (2018). Tourism Master Plans. http://www.solimarinternational .com/strategic-planning/tourism-master-plans, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2018).
- T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, (2007). Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023, Eylem Planı 2007-2023, http://www.kultur.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.12.2018).
- Tosun, C. & Jenkins, C. L. (1996). Regional Planning Approaches to Tourism Development: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 17(7), 519-531.
- Tourism Develepment International , (2018). Strategic Tourism Master Planning, http://www.tourismdev.com/Strategic_Tourism_Master_Planning/Default.112.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2018).
- Tuna, M. ( 2007). Turizm, Çevre ve Toplum (Marmaris Örneği). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- UNWTO (2012). Tourism Towards 2030. http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/ all/files/pdf/point_ 4c_ final.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2018).
- UNTWO. (2017). “UNTWO Tourism Highlights 2017 Edition”. https://www.e unwto . org / doi/ pdf/10.18111/9789284419029 (Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2018).
- UNWTO. (2018). “UNTWO Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition”. https://www.e-unwto .org/ doi /pdf/10.18111/9789284419876 (Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2018). UNWTO. (2018a). “UNWTO Technical Product Portfolio”. http://cf.cdn.unwto.org /sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_technical_product_portfolio.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018). UNWTO. (2018b). “Tourism Development Master Plans and Strategic Development Plans” http://cooperation.unwto.org/technical-product/tourism-development-master-plans-and-strategic-development-plans (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018).
- Usta, Ö. (2008). Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Uysal, M. and J. L. Crompton (1985), "An Overview of Approaches Used to Forecast Tourism Demand," Journal of Travel Research 23 (Spring), 7-15.
- Van Niekerk, M. (2014). Advocating Community Participation and Integrated Tourism Development Planning In Local Destinations: The case of South Africa. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3(2), 82-84.
- WTTC, (2018). “Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2018”, https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2018/world2018.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2018).
- Yasarata, M., Altinay, L., Burns, P. and Okumus, F. (2010). “Politics and Sustainable Tourism Development–Can They Co-exist? Voices From North Cyprus”. Tourism Management, 31(3), 345-356.
Öz
Araştırmanın
amacı, Türkiye’de çeşitli kurum ve kuruluşlar tarafından hem il bazında hem de
bölgesel olarak hazırlanan turizm master planlarının karşılaştırılmasıdır. Doküman inceleme yönteminin kullanıldığı bu
araştırmanın veri kaynağını, Türkiye’deki Valilikler bünyesinde ve İl Kültür ve
Turizm Müdürlükleri koordinatörlüğünde hazırlanan turizm master planları
oluşturmaktadır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak
master planlarının içeriği Dünya Turizm Örgütü’nün Ulusal ve Bölgesel Turizm
Planlaması kriterleri çerçevesinde karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular
sonucunda ulusal çerçevede hazırlanan turizm master planlarının, uluslararası
kriterler karşısında bazı noktalarda eksiklerinin olduğu ortaya çıkarılmıştır. Özellikle,
master planlarının hazırlanmasında görev alacak uzman ekip, destinasyon taşıma
kapasitesi, planlama yapılacak bölgenin ekonomik açıdan depresif yönleri,
turizm sektöründe çalışacak personelin barınma olanakları, küresel, ülke içi ve
bölgesel turizm kalıplarının ve eğilimlerinin analizi gibi kriterlerde
sorunların mevcut olduğu belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarının gelecekte
yapılacak araştırmalara ve hazırlanacak turizm master planlarına örnek teşkil
etmesine ve master planlarının uluslararası standartlara uyum sağlamasına katkı
sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Turizm Master Planları Betimsel Analiz Yöntemi Karşılaştırmalı Analiz Karşılaştırmalı Analiz Politika ve Strateji
Kaynakça
- Alipour, H. ve Kilic, H. (2005). An institutional appraisal of tourism development and planning: the case of the Turkish Republic of North Cyprus (TRNC). Tourism Management, 26(1), 79-94.
- Baud-Bovy, M. (1982). New Concepts in Planning for Tourism and Recreation. Tourism Management, 3(4), 308-313.
- Buhalis, D. (2000). Marketing the competitive destination of the future. Tourism Management, 21, 97–116.
- Edgell, D. E., Allen, M. D. M., Smith, G. and Swanson, J. R. (2008). Tourism Policy and Planning: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow, Oxford: Elsevier.
- Goodrich, J. N. (1978). The Relationship Between Preferences For and Perceptions of Vacation Destinations: Application of a Choice Model. Journal of Travel Research, 17(2), 8-13.
- Gülüm, E. (2015). Yaratıcı Turizm-Halk Kültürü İlişkisi ve Yerelin Popülerleşmesi. Millî Folklor, 27(105), 87-98.
- Haugland, S. A., Ness, H., Grønseth, B. O., & Aarstad, J. (2011). Development of Tourism destinations: An Integrated Multilevel Perspective. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(1), 268-290.
- Hu, Y. and Ritchie, J. B. (1993). Measuring destination attractiveness: A contextual approach. Journal of travel research, 32(2), 25-34.
- Inskeep, E. (1994). National and Regional Turizm Planning: Methodologies and Case Studies, World Tourism Organization: Routredge Series.
- Judd, D. R. (1999). Constructing the Tourist Bubble, Judd, Dennis R. and Fainstein, Susan S., The Tourist City pp. 35-53.
- Kruja, D. and Gjyrezi, A. (2011).” The Special Interest Tourism Development and The Small Regions”. Turizam, 15(2), 77-89.
- Kunzmann, K. R. (2004). “Culture, Creativity and Spatial Planning”. Town Planning Review, 383-404.
- North Lake Tahoe Resort Association (2015). North Lake Tahoe Tourism Master Plan, https://www.gotahoenorth.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/2015-North-Lake-Tahoe-Tourism-Master-Plan1.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2018).
- Olalı, H. (1990). Turizm Politikası ve Planlaması. İstanbul: İşletme Fakültesi Yayınları No: 228.
- Pearce, D. (1989). Tourist Development. New York: John Wiley & Sons
- Solimar International (2018). Tourism Master Plans. http://www.solimarinternational .com/strategic-planning/tourism-master-plans, (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2018).
- T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı, (2007). Türkiye Turizm Stratejisi 2023, Eylem Planı 2007-2023, http://www.kultur.gov.tr/Eklenti/906,ttstratejisi2023pdf.pdf?0, (Erişim Tarihi: 08.12.2018).
- Tosun, C. & Jenkins, C. L. (1996). Regional Planning Approaches to Tourism Development: The case of Turkey. Tourism Management, 17(7), 519-531.
- Tourism Develepment International , (2018). Strategic Tourism Master Planning, http://www.tourismdev.com/Strategic_Tourism_Master_Planning/Default.112.html, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.12.2018).
- Tuna, M. ( 2007). Turizm, Çevre ve Toplum (Marmaris Örneği). Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- UNWTO (2012). Tourism Towards 2030. http://cf.cdn.unwto.org/sites/ all/files/pdf/point_ 4c_ final.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2018).
- UNTWO. (2017). “UNTWO Tourism Highlights 2017 Edition”. https://www.e unwto . org / doi/ pdf/10.18111/9789284419029 (Erişim Tarihi: 15.11.2018).
- UNWTO. (2018). “UNTWO Tourism Highlights 2018 Edition”. https://www.e-unwto .org/ doi /pdf/10.18111/9789284419876 (Erişim Tarihi: 19.11.2018). UNWTO. (2018a). “UNWTO Technical Product Portfolio”. http://cf.cdn.unwto.org /sites/all/files/pdf/unwto_technical_product_portfolio.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2018). UNWTO. (2018b). “Tourism Development Master Plans and Strategic Development Plans” http://cooperation.unwto.org/technical-product/tourism-development-master-plans-and-strategic-development-plans (Erişim Tarihi: 20.11.2018).
- Usta, Ö. (2008). Turizm. Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
- Uysal, M. and J. L. Crompton (1985), "An Overview of Approaches Used to Forecast Tourism Demand," Journal of Travel Research 23 (Spring), 7-15.
- Van Niekerk, M. (2014). Advocating Community Participation and Integrated Tourism Development Planning In Local Destinations: The case of South Africa. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 3(2), 82-84.
- WTTC, (2018). “Travel and Tourism Economic Impact 2018”, https://www.wttc.org/-/media/files/reports/economic-impact-research/regions-2018/world2018.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 10.11.2018).
- Yasarata, M., Altinay, L., Burns, P. and Okumus, F. (2010). “Politics and Sustainable Tourism Development–Can They Co-exist? Voices From North Cyprus”. Tourism Management, 31(3), 345-356.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 27 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 17 Sayı: 4 |
