Öz
Shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, is one of the commercially
and recreationally important shark species in the world. Still knowledge on its
biology and status is limited in the eastern Mediterranean. Three individuals
were caught from Turkish waters. Two individuals (one female and one male) stomach
contents, morphological measurements and female’ gonad histology were studied. According
to the results from macroscopic examination and gonad histology, the female was
a Stage 1-immature, and smallest female ever recorded from Turkish waters. In addition,
phylogenetic network of mitochondrial haplotypes was constructed for all three
individuals. The phylogenetic network analysis supported that the species
having a metapopulation as mentioned in previous studies. Since every
information is critical for development of conservation actions aiming
endangered species, we believe that our study will contribute to the limited
knowledge on I. oxyrinchus biology and reproduction habits in Eastern
Mediterranean.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Isurus oxyrinchus conservation biology ecology Eastern Mediterranean
Kaynakça
- Başusta, N. (2016). New records of neonate and juvenile sharks (Heptranchias perlo, Squatina aculeata, Etmopterus spinax) from the North-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Marine Biodiversity, 46(2), 525–527, doi: 10.1007/s12526-015-0391-z.
- Bengil EGT, & Başusta, N. (2018). Chondrichthyan species as by-catch: A review on species inhabiting Turkish waters. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 24(3).
- Bilecenoğlu, M., Kaya, M., Cihangir, B., & Çiçek, E. (2014). An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(6), 901-929.Conde-Moreno, M., & Galvan-Magaña, F. (2006). Reproductive biology of the mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus on the south-western coast of Baja California, Mexico. Cybium, 30(4), 75-83. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1405-60
- Dulvy, N.K., Fowler, S.L., Musick, J.A., Cavanagh, R.D., Kyne, P.M., Harrison, L.R., et al. (2014). Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays. eLife, 3, doi: 10.7554/eLife.00590.
- Dulvy, N.K., Allen, D.J., Ralph, G.M., & Walls, R.H.L. (2016). The conservation status of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras in the Mediterranean Sea [Brochure]. IUCN, Malaga, Spain.
- Ebert D.A., & Stehmann, M.F. (2013). Sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the North Atlantic. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- Ergüden, D., Gürlek, M., & Turan, C. (2013). A young Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Lamnidae) individual captured from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science ,14, 463–480. doi: 10.12681/mms.676
- Folmer, O., Hoeh, W.R., Black, M.B., & Vrjenhoek, R.C. (1994). Conserved primers for PCR amplification of mitochondrial DNA from different invertebrate phyla, Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
- Gilmore, R.G. (1993). Reproductive biology of lamnoid sharks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 38(1-3), 95-114.Hammerschlag, N., & Sulikowski, J. (2011). Killing for conservation: the need for alternatives to lethal sampling of apex predatory sharks. Endangered Species Research, 14(2), 135-140.
- ICES (2013). Report of the workshop on Sexual Maturity Staging of Elasmobranchs (WKMSEL), Lisbon, Portugal, 66 p.
- Kabasakal, H. (2015). Occurrence of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, off Turkey's coast. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8, e134.
- Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal Molecular Evolution, 16:111-120.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2015). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 27312739. Malak DA (2011). Overview of the conservation status of the marine fishes of the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN.
- Megalofonou, P., Yannopoulos, C., Damalas, D., De Metrio, G., Deflorio, M., de la Serna, J.M., & Macias D (2005). Incidental catch and estimated discards of pelagic sharks from the swordfish and tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. Fishery Bulletin, 103(4), 620-634.
- Mollet, H.F., Cliff, G., Pratt Jr, H.L., & Stevens, J. (2000). Reproductive biology of the female shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, with comments on the embryonic development of lamnoids. Fishery Bulletin, (2).
- Walls, R.H.L., & Soldo, A. (2016). Isurus oxyrinchus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39341A16527941. Downloaded on 30 September 2018.
- Ward, R.D., Costa, F.O., Holmes, B.H., & Steinke, D. (2008). DNA barcoding of shared fish species from the North Atlantic and Australasia: minimal divergence for most taxa, but Zeus faber and Lepidopus caudatus each probably constitute two species. Aquatic Biology, 3(1), 71-78.
Öz
Kısa yüzgeçli mako köpekbalığı, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, dünyadaki ticari ve sportif açıdan önemli olan
köpekbalığı türlerinden biridir. Türün, Doğu Akdeniz'deki biyolojisi ve durumu konusundaki bilgiler hala sınırlıdır.
Çalışmada, Türkiye kıyılarından üç birey yakalanmıştır. Yakalanan iki bireyin (bir dişi ve bir erkek) morfolojik ölçümleri
yapılmış, mide içeriği ve dişi gonad histolojisi incelenmiştir. Makroskopik inceleme ve gonad histolojisi sonuçlarına göre;
dişi birey, aşama-1 (olgunlaşmamış) safhasında ve şimdiye kadar Türk sularından kaydedilen en küçük dişi bireydir. Ayrıca,
her üç birey için filogenetik mitokondriyal haplotip ağ oluşturulmuştur. Yapılan bu filogenetik ağ analizi, önceki
çalışmalarda belirtildiği gibi bir metapopülasyona sahip türlerin desteklendiğini göstermektedir. Her bilgi, nesli tükenmekte
olan türlere yönelik koruma eylemlerinin geliştirilmesi için kritik öneme sahiptir. Çalışmamızın, Doğu Akdeniz'deki I.
oxyrinchus biyolojisi ve üreme alışkanlıkları hakkındaki sınırlı bilgiye katkı yapacağına inanmaktayız.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Başusta, N. (2016). New records of neonate and juvenile sharks (Heptranchias perlo, Squatina aculeata, Etmopterus spinax) from the North-eastern Mediterranean Sea, Marine Biodiversity, 46(2), 525–527, doi: 10.1007/s12526-015-0391-z.
- Bengil EGT, & Başusta, N. (2018). Chondrichthyan species as by-catch: A review on species inhabiting Turkish waters. Journal of the Black Sea/Mediterranean Environment, 24(3).
- Bilecenoğlu, M., Kaya, M., Cihangir, B., & Çiçek, E. (2014). An updated checklist of the marine fishes of Turkey. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 38(6), 901-929.Conde-Moreno, M., & Galvan-Magaña, F. (2006). Reproductive biology of the mako shark Isurus oxyrinchus on the south-western coast of Baja California, Mexico. Cybium, 30(4), 75-83. doi: 10.3906/zoo-1405-60
- Dulvy, N.K., Fowler, S.L., Musick, J.A., Cavanagh, R.D., Kyne, P.M., Harrison, L.R., et al. (2014). Extinction risk and conservation of the world’s sharks and rays. eLife, 3, doi: 10.7554/eLife.00590.
- Dulvy, N.K., Allen, D.J., Ralph, G.M., & Walls, R.H.L. (2016). The conservation status of Sharks, Rays and Chimaeras in the Mediterranean Sea [Brochure]. IUCN, Malaga, Spain.
- Ebert D.A., & Stehmann, M.F. (2013). Sharks, batoids and chimaeras of the North Atlantic. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
- Ergüden, D., Gürlek, M., & Turan, C. (2013). A young Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810 (Chondrichthyes: Lamnidae) individual captured from Iskenderun Bay, Turkey. Mediterranean Marine Science ,14, 463–480. doi: 10.12681/mms.676
- Folmer, O., Hoeh, W.R., Black, M.B., & Vrjenhoek, R.C. (1994). Conserved primers for PCR amplification of mitochondrial DNA from different invertebrate phyla, Molecular Marine Biology and Biotechnology, 3, 294–299.
- Gilmore, R.G. (1993). Reproductive biology of lamnoid sharks. Environmental Biology of Fishes, 38(1-3), 95-114.Hammerschlag, N., & Sulikowski, J. (2011). Killing for conservation: the need for alternatives to lethal sampling of apex predatory sharks. Endangered Species Research, 14(2), 135-140.
- ICES (2013). Report of the workshop on Sexual Maturity Staging of Elasmobranchs (WKMSEL), Lisbon, Portugal, 66 p.
- Kabasakal, H. (2015). Occurrence of shortfin mako shark, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, off Turkey's coast. Marine Biodiversity Records, 8, e134.
- Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. Journal Molecular Evolution, 16:111-120.
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2015). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis version 7.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 28, 27312739. Malak DA (2011). Overview of the conservation status of the marine fishes of the Mediterranean Sea. IUCN.
- Megalofonou, P., Yannopoulos, C., Damalas, D., De Metrio, G., Deflorio, M., de la Serna, J.M., & Macias D (2005). Incidental catch and estimated discards of pelagic sharks from the swordfish and tuna fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea. Fishery Bulletin, 103(4), 620-634.
- Mollet, H.F., Cliff, G., Pratt Jr, H.L., & Stevens, J. (2000). Reproductive biology of the female shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus Rafinesque, 1810, with comments on the embryonic development of lamnoids. Fishery Bulletin, (2).
- Walls, R.H.L., & Soldo, A. (2016). Isurus oxyrinchus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T39341A16527941. Downloaded on 30 September 2018.
- Ward, R.D., Costa, F.O., Holmes, B.H., & Steinke, D. (2008). DNA barcoding of shared fish species from the North Atlantic and Australasia: minimal divergence for most taxa, but Zeus faber and Lepidopus caudatus each probably constitute two species. Aquatic Biology, 3(1), 71-78.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 16 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 4 |