Öz
Krill oil is obtained from Euphausia superba, which lives in the oceans. Omega 3 fatty acids
in Krill oil are found in the form of phospholipids. Astaxanthin is a strong
antioxidant compound. Also, it is a food supplement containing astaxanthin,
Vitamin A, and Vitamin E. Omega 3 fatty acid supplements; It is known to be
important in mental development, hyperlipidemia, premenstrual syndromes,
inflammatory and cardiological diseases. In recent years, Krill oil has gained
more importance than fish oil. Also, because Krill lives on the surface in the
oceans, there is less risk of containing toxins and environmental pollution. In
studies, it is generally recommended to take 1-3 g daily for therapeutic effect
and 500 mg as a supplement. It is safe to use in pregnant women. Due to the
high content of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and the high
absorption rate, the new focus of researchers has been on Krill oil. In this
article, published scientific studies on the content, bioavailability, in vivo and clinical activity studies
and side effects of krill oil have been reviewed.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Burri L. The secrets of Krill [Adobe Digital Editions]. ISBN: 978-82-690452-0-8. Available from: https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4650115/E-Book%20-20The%20secrets%20of%20krill.pdf.
- 2. Singh J, Singh B, Kaur A. Krill oil - A novel food supplement for human health. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014; 3(6): 213-9.
- 3. Xie D, Gong M, Wei W, Jin J, Wang X, Wang X, et al. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) oil: a comprehensive review of chemical composition, extraction technologies, health benefits, and current applications. Compr Rev Food Sci F. 2019; 18(2): 514-34.
- 4. Krill oil. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2010; 15(1): 84-6.
- 5. Yurko-Mauro K, Kralovec J, Bailey-Hall E, Smeberg V, Stark JG, Salem N. Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or Krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015; 14(1): 99.
- 6. Ulven SM, Kirkhus B, Lamglait A, Basu S, Elind E, Haider, T, et al. Metabolic effects of Krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA in healthy volunteers. Lipids. 2011; 46(1): 37-46.
- 7. Vigerust NF, Bjørndal B, Bohov P, Brattelid T, Svardal A, Berge RK. Krill oil versus fish oil in modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in mice transgenic for TNF-α. Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(4): 1315-25.
- 8. Ierna M, Kerr A, Scales H, Berge K, Griinari M. Supplementation of diet with Krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010; 11(1): 136.
- 9. Parastoo MZA, Kianpour Rad S. Anti-pain and anti-inflammation like effects of Neptune Krill oil and fish oil against carrageenan induced inflammation in mice models: current statues and pilot study. Biotechnol Rep. 2019; 22(1): e00341.
- 10. Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effect of neptune Krill oil on chronic inflammation and arthritic symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007; 26(1): 39-48.
- 11. Bunea RE, Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of neptune Krill oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev. 2004; 9(4): 420-8.
- 12. Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res. 2014; 34(2): 126-33.
- 13. Zhu JJ, Shi JH, Qian WB, Cai ZZ, Li D. Effects of Krill oil on serum lipids of hyperlipidemic rats and human SW480 cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2008; 7(1): 30.
- 14. Ferramosca A, Conte A, Burri L, Berge K, De Nuccio F, Giudetti AM, et al. A Krill oil supplemented diet suppresses hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats. PloS one. 2012; 7(6): e38797.
- 15. Cicero AFG, Rosticci M, Morbini M, Cagnati M, Grandi E, Parini A, et al. Lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of omega 3 ethyl esters and Krill oil: a randomized, cross-over, clinical trial. Arch Med Sci. 2016; 12(3): 507-12.
- 16. Rundblad A, Holven KB, Bruheim I, Myhrstad MC, Ulven SM. Effects of Krill oil and lean and fatty fish on cardiovascular risk markers: A randomised controlled trial. J Nutr Sci. 2018; 7(e3): 1-11.
- 17. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, Kowalski O, Duguet N, Dupuis S. Evaluation of the effects of neptune Krill oil™ on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev. 2003; 8(2): 171-9.
- 18. Wibrand K, Berge K, Messaoudi M, Duffaud A, Panja D, Bramham CR, et al. Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after Krill oil supplementation in rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013; 12(1): 6.
- 19. Gamoh S, Hashimoto M, Yanagimoto K, Katakura M, Abdul HM, Shido O. Krill-derived phospholipids rich in n-3 fatty acid improve spatial memory in adult rats. J Agric Sci. 2011; 3(4): 1-12.
- 20. Fosshaug LE, Berge RK, Beitnes JO, Berge K, Vik H, Aukrust P, et al. Krill oil attenuates left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction in rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10(1): 245.
- 21. Braarud H, Markhus M, Skotheim S, Stormark K, Frøyland L, Graff I, et al. Maternal DHA status during pregnancy has a positive impact on infant problem solving: a Norwegian prospective observation study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(5): 529.
Öz
Krill
yağı, okyanuslarda yaşayan “Euphausia
superba” isimli deniz canlısından elde edilen bir maddedir. Krill yağında
yüksek oranda Omega 3 yağ asitleri bulunur ve bu yağ asitleri fosfolipitler
şeklindedir. Ayrıca, astaksantin, A vitamini ve E vitamini içeren bir besin
takviyesidir. Astaksantin kuvvetli antioksidan özelliğe sahip bir maddedir.
Omega 3 yağ asit takviyelerinin; zihinsel gelişimde, hiperlipidemide,
premenstrual sendromlarda, enflamatuvar ve kardiyolojik hastalıklarda önemli
olduğu bilinmektedir. Son yıllarda Krill yağı balık yağından daha fazla önem
kazanmıştır. Ayrıca, okyanuslarda yüzeyde yaşadıkları için toksin ve çevresel
kirlilik içerme riski de daha azdır. Çalışmalarda genellikle terapötik etki
için günlük doz 1-3 g olarak belirlenmiştir. Takviye edici olarak
kullanıldığında ise 500 mg dozda alınması önerilmektedir. Hamilelerde de
kullanımı güvenlidir. Dokosaheksanoik asit ve Eikosapentaenoik asit içeriğinin
yüksek olması Krill yağının önem kazanmasına sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca bu yağın
emiliminin fazla olmasından dolayı araştırmacıların yeni odak noktası Krill
yağı olmuştur. Bu makalede, Krill yağının içeriği, biyoyararlanımı, in vivo ve klinik aktivite çalışmaları,
yan etkileri ile ilgili yayınlanmış olan bilimsel çalışmalar derlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Burri L. The secrets of Krill [Adobe Digital Editions]. ISBN: 978-82-690452-0-8. Available from: https://cdn2.hubspot.net/hubfs/4650115/E-Book%20-20The%20secrets%20of%20krill.pdf.
- 2. Singh J, Singh B, Kaur A. Krill oil - A novel food supplement for human health. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2014; 3(6): 213-9.
- 3. Xie D, Gong M, Wei W, Jin J, Wang X, Wang X, et al. Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) oil: a comprehensive review of chemical composition, extraction technologies, health benefits, and current applications. Compr Rev Food Sci F. 2019; 18(2): 514-34.
- 4. Krill oil. Monograph. Altern Med Rev. 2010; 15(1): 84-6.
- 5. Yurko-Mauro K, Kralovec J, Bailey-Hall E, Smeberg V, Stark JG, Salem N. Similar eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid plasma levels achieved with fish oil or Krill oil in a randomized double-blind four-week bioavailability study. Lipids Health Dis. 2015; 14(1): 99.
- 6. Ulven SM, Kirkhus B, Lamglait A, Basu S, Elind E, Haider, T, et al. Metabolic effects of Krill oil are essentially similar to those of fish oil but at lower dose of EPA and DHA in healthy volunteers. Lipids. 2011; 46(1): 37-46.
- 7. Vigerust NF, Bjørndal B, Bohov P, Brattelid T, Svardal A, Berge RK. Krill oil versus fish oil in modulation of inflammation and lipid metabolism in mice transgenic for TNF-α. Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(4): 1315-25.
- 8. Ierna M, Kerr A, Scales H, Berge K, Griinari M. Supplementation of diet with Krill oil protects against experimental rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2010; 11(1): 136.
- 9. Parastoo MZA, Kianpour Rad S. Anti-pain and anti-inflammation like effects of Neptune Krill oil and fish oil against carrageenan induced inflammation in mice models: current statues and pilot study. Biotechnol Rep. 2019; 22(1): e00341.
- 10. Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effect of neptune Krill oil on chronic inflammation and arthritic symptoms. J Am Coll Nutr. 2007; 26(1): 39-48.
- 11. Bunea RE, Farrah K, Deutsch L. Evaluation of the effects of neptune Krill oil on the clinical course of hyperlipidemia. Altern Med Rev. 2004; 9(4): 420-8.
- 12. Berge K, Musa-Veloso K, Harwood M, Hoem N, Burri L. Krill oil supplementation lowers serum triglycerides without increasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in adults with borderline high or high triglyceride levels. Nutr Res. 2014; 34(2): 126-33.
- 13. Zhu JJ, Shi JH, Qian WB, Cai ZZ, Li D. Effects of Krill oil on serum lipids of hyperlipidemic rats and human SW480 cells. Lipids Health Dis. 2008; 7(1): 30.
- 14. Ferramosca A, Conte A, Burri L, Berge K, De Nuccio F, Giudetti AM, et al. A Krill oil supplemented diet suppresses hepatic steatosis in high-fat fed rats. PloS one. 2012; 7(6): e38797.
- 15. Cicero AFG, Rosticci M, Morbini M, Cagnati M, Grandi E, Parini A, et al. Lipid-lowering and anti-inflammatory effects of omega 3 ethyl esters and Krill oil: a randomized, cross-over, clinical trial. Arch Med Sci. 2016; 12(3): 507-12.
- 16. Rundblad A, Holven KB, Bruheim I, Myhrstad MC, Ulven SM. Effects of Krill oil and lean and fatty fish on cardiovascular risk markers: A randomised controlled trial. J Nutr Sci. 2018; 7(e3): 1-11.
- 17. Sampalis F, Bunea R, Pelland MF, Kowalski O, Duguet N, Dupuis S. Evaluation of the effects of neptune Krill oil™ on the management of premenstrual syndrome and dysmenorrhea. Altern Med Rev. 2003; 8(2): 171-9.
- 18. Wibrand K, Berge K, Messaoudi M, Duffaud A, Panja D, Bramham CR, et al. Enhanced cognitive function and antidepressant-like effects after Krill oil supplementation in rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2013; 12(1): 6.
- 19. Gamoh S, Hashimoto M, Yanagimoto K, Katakura M, Abdul HM, Shido O. Krill-derived phospholipids rich in n-3 fatty acid improve spatial memory in adult rats. J Agric Sci. 2011; 3(4): 1-12.
- 20. Fosshaug LE, Berge RK, Beitnes JO, Berge K, Vik H, Aukrust P, et al. Krill oil attenuates left ventricular dilatation after myocardial infarction in rats. Lipids Health Dis. 2011; 10(1): 245.
- 21. Braarud H, Markhus M, Skotheim S, Stormark K, Frøyland L, Graff I, et al. Maternal DHA status during pregnancy has a positive impact on infant problem solving: a Norwegian prospective observation study. Nutrients. 2018; 10(5): 529.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Derlemeler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Mayıs 2020 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 24 Ekim 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 10 Sayı: 2 |
