TY - JOUR T1 - Clinical, sonographical and cytological comparison of toxic and non-toxic thyroid nodules AU - Çetin, Zeynep AU - Köseoğlu, Derya AU - Özdemir Başer, Özden PY - 2022 DA - May DO - 10.32322/jhsm.1089028 JF - Journal of Health Sciences and Medicine JO - J Health Sci Med /JHSM /jhsm PB - MediHealth Academy Yayıncılık WT - DergiPark SN - 2636-8579 SP - 922 EP - 925 VL - 5 IS - 3 LA - en AB - Aim: To compare patients with toxic and non-toxic nodular/multinodular goiter in terms of clinical, sonographical and cytological features.Material and Method: The medical data of 326 patients were reviewed retrospectively. Clinical and sonographic features were examined. Four hundred and eighty-one nodules were compared sonographically and cytologically. One hundred twenty-four patients had toxic nodular goiter and 202 of them had non-toxic nodular goiter.Results: The toxic nodular goiter group was older, they had more male sex, more multi-nodularity, larger thyroid glands and nodules with more sonographically suspicious features (p 40 mm in 13.9% of the nodules in the toxic group and 5.4% of those in the non-toxic group (p= 0.003). Central vascularization (p KW - Thyroid nodule KW - toxic KW - sonography KW - biopsy KW - malignancy risk CR - Gilbert J. Thyrotoxicosis – investigation and management. Clin Med (Lond) 2017; 17: 274-7. CR - Bahn RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid 2011; 21: 593-646. CR - Fiore E, Rago T, Provenzale MA. Lower levels of TSH are associated with a lower risk of papillary thyroid cancer in patients with thyroid nodular disease: thyroid autonomy may play a protective role. Endocr Relat Cancer 2019; 16: 1251-60. CR - Mandel SJ. A 64-year-old woman with a thyroid nodule. JAMA 2004; 292: 2632-42. CR - Maia FFR, Zantut-Wittmann DE. Thyroid nodule management: clinical, ultrasound and cytopathological parameters for predicting malignancy. CLINICS 2012; 67: 945-54. CR - Eng CY, Quraishi MS, Bradley PJ. Management of thyroid nodules in adult patients. Head Neck Oncol 2010; 2: 1–5. CR - Tam AA, Ozdemir D, Alkan A, et al. Toxic nodular goiter and thyroid cancer: Is hyperthyroidism protective against thyroid cancer? Surgery 2019; 166: 356-61. CR - Baser H, Topaloglu O, Bilginer MC, et al. Are cytologic and histopathologic features of hot thyroid nodules different from cold thyroid nodules? Diagn Cytopathol 2019; 47: 898-903. CR - Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC, et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer: the American Thyroid Association guidelines task force on thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133. CR - Cibas E, Ali SZ. The 2017 Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology. Thyroid 2017; 27: 1341-6. CR - De Leo S, Lee SY, Braverman LE. Hyperthyroidism. Lancet 2016; 388: 906–18. CR - LiVolsi VA, Baloch ZW. The pathology of hyperthyroidism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9: 737. CR - Knobel M. Etiopathology, clinical features, and treatment of diffuse and multinodular nontoxic goiters. J Endocrinol Invest 2016; 39: 357. CR - Medeiros-Neto G. Multinodular goiter. Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, eds. In: Endotext [Internet]. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000–16. CR - Abraham-Nordling M, Torring O, et al. Graves’ disease: a long-term quality-of-life follow up of patients randomized to treatment with antithyroid drugs, radioiodine, or surgery. Thyroid 2005; 15:1279–86. CR - Rosario PW, Rocha TG, Mourão GF, Calsolari MR. Is radioiodine scintigraphy still of value in thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology?: a prospective study in an iodine-sufficient area [eng]. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39: 1059-60. CR - Mirfakhraee S, Mathews D, Peng L, Woodruff S, Zigman JM. A solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule harboring thyroid carcinoma: review of the literature. Thyroid Res 2013; 6: 7. UR - https://doi.org/10.32322/jhsm.1089028 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2314569 ER -