TY - JOUR T1 - Working Principles of CCD and CMOS Sensors and Their Place in Astronomy TT - CCD ve CMOS Sensörlerin Çalışma Prensipleri ve Astronomi Alanındaki Yeri AU - Polatoğlu, Ahmet AU - Özkesen, İmam Can PY - 2022 DA - June JF - Journal of Anatolian Physics and Astronomy JO - Journal of Anatolian Physics and Astronomy PB - Atatürk Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 2791-8718 SP - 51 EP - 59 VL - 2 IS - 1 LA - en AB - In this article, information about the properties, working principles and recent developments of CCD and CMOS sensors used in astronomy are given. Until the development of camera technology, sky observations were made using photographic plates in telescopes. With the development of CCD sensors in the 1960s, photographic plates were replaced by powerful cameras with CCD and CMOS sensors. Even today, all observations made in the optical field are made with the data taken by placing these cameras in the ocular part of the telescope. It is of great importance to understand the sensor technology in order to understand the observation techniques. This article has been prepared to fill this gap. KW - Astronomy KW - Telescope KW - Sensor KW - CCD KW - CMOS N2 - Kamera teknolojisinin gelişmesine kadar, teleskoplarda fotoğraf plakaları kullanılarak gökyüzü gözlemleri yapılmıştır. 1960'larda CCD sensörlerinin geliştirilmesiyle, fotoğraf plakalarının yerini CCD ve CMOS sensörlü güçlü kameralar aldı. Bugün bile optik alanda yapılan tüm gözlemler, bu kameraların teleskoplara monte edilerek alınan verilerle yapılmaktadır. Gözlem tekniklerini anlamak için sensör teknolojisini anlamak büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu makalede CCD ve CMOS sensörlerin özellikleri, çalışma prensipleri ve son gelişmeler hakkında bilgi verilmiş ve sensör teknolojisinin astronomide kullanımı incelenmiştir. CR - [1] Gourab Sen Gupta. Smart sensors and sensing technology. 1st ed. Springer; 2008 CR - [2] Jorden P.R., Jordan D., Jerram P.A., Pratlong J., Swindells I. e2v new CCD and CMOS technology developments for astronomical sensors. High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy VI, ed. by Andrew D. Holland, James Beletic. 2014;9154(91540) CR - [3] Bernhard Büttgen. CCD/CMOS Lock-In Pixel for Range Imaging: Challenges, Limitations and State-of-the-Art. Researchgate; 2005 CR - [4] Litwiller D. CCD vs CMOS: Facts and Fiction. (2001) CR - [5] CCD ve CMOS nedir? [Internet]. 2022 [25 February 2022]. Access Link: https://birkarefotograf.com/cmos-ve-ccd-nedir/ CR - [6] Hamamatsu [Internet]. 2022 [12 March 2022]. Access Link: https://hamamatsu.magnet.fsu.edu/articles/ccdanatomy.html CR - [7] Astro [Internet]. 2022 [05 February 2022]. Access Link: https://www.astro.rug.nl/~ndouglas/teaching/JAFFE/reduce.htm CR - [8] Aavso [Internet]. 2022 [2 March 2022]. Access Link: https://www.aavso.org/sites/default/files/publications_files/ccd_photometry_guide/CCDPhotometryGuide.pdf CR - [9] CCD nedir [Internet]. 2022 [1 January 2022]. Access Link: https://www.elektrikport.com/makale-detay/ccd-sensor-nedir/21967#ad-image-1 CR - [10] Lesser, M. A Summary of Charge-Coupled Devices for Astronomy, Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2015; (127)-957. CR - [11] CMOS Image Sensors, Moazalhosny [Internet] 2017. Access Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316986687_basic_description_of_CMOS_camera_sensor_and_color_precnible CR - [12] Astrophotography [Internet]. 2022 [3 January 2022]. Access Link: https://practicalastrophotography.com/a-brief-guide-to-calibration-frames/ CR - [13] Andor [Internet]. 2021 [25 December 2021]. Access Link: https://andor.oxinst.com/learning/view/article/ccd-sensor-architectures CR - [14] Observational Astronomy [Internet]. 2021 [24 February 2021]. Access Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_astronomy CR - [15] Petrov B. [Internet]. 2021 [16 December 2021]. Access Link: https://www.astro.bas.bg/~petrov/galaxies_files/astroinst.html CR - [16] Jorden P.R., Jordan D., Jerram P.A., Pratlong J., Swindells I. e2v new CCD and CMOS sensors and systems designed for astronomical applications. High Energy. 2016; 900-915. UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/japa/issue//1089423 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2316214 ER -