TY - JOUR T1 - Floral Differences of Conjunctiva in Patients with Renal Diseases AU - Aslan, Lokman AU - Kocturk, Sumeyra AU - Gül, Mustafa AU - Aslankurt, Murat AU - Altunoren, Orcun PY - 2022 DA - June DO - 10.5799/jmid.1130130 JF - Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases JO - J Microbil Infect Dis PB - Aydın ECE WT - DergiPark SN - 2146-3158 SP - 63 EP - 68 VL - 12 IS - 02 LA - en AB - Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate whether conjunctival flora is different in patients with chronic renal disease (CR) among its subgroups and healthy subjects.Methods: A total of 105 adult CR patients; 35 hemodialysis (HD), 35 diabetic hemodialysis (DHD), 35 renal transplantation (RT), and 40 healthy subjects were enrolled. After ophthalmologic examination, a swab was taken from the lower fornix of the right eye using a cotton-tipped applicator and directly sub-cultured on 5% sheep’s blood agar, chocolate agar, and eosin methylene blue agar. Differences in both bacterial growth and flora diversity of the groups were compared. Results: The order of bacterial growth rates in the groups are RT 65%), DHD (57%), HD (56%), and control (48%). The RT group had a statistically significant difference from the control group (p KW - Ocular flora KW - Chronic renal disease KW - Ocular surface; Diabetes KW - Renal Transplantation CR - 1. Miller D, Iovieno A. The role of microbial flora on the ocular surface. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol 2009; 9(5):466-470. CR - 2. Lee SH, Oh DH, Jung JY, Kim JC, Jeon CO. Comparative ocular microbial communities in humans with and without blepharitis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2012; 53 (9):5585-5593. CR - 3. el-Naggar AM, Abo-Shousha E. Seasonal variations of bacterial flora of the conjunctival sac and their relation to infection of intra-ocular operations. Bull Ophthalmol Soc Egypt 1971; 64(68):339-344. CR - 4. Valdez-Garcia JE, Climent A, Chavez-Mondragon E, Lozano-Ramirez JF. Anterior chamber bacterial contamination in cataract surgery. BMC Ophthalmol 2014; 30:14:57. CR - 5. Suto C, Morinaga M, Yagi T, Tsuji C, Toshida H. Conjunctival sac bacterial flora isolated prior to cataract surgery. Infect Drug Resist 2012; 5:37-41. CR - 6. Hsu HY, Lind JT, Tseng L, Miller D. Ocular flora and their antibiotic resistance patterns in the midwest: a prospective study of patients undergoing cataract surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2013;155(1):36-44.e2. CR - 7. Mino De Kaspar H, Ta CN, Froehlich SJ, et al. Prospective study of risk factors for conjunctival bacterial contamination in patients undergoing intraocular surgery. Eur J Ophthalmol 2009; 19:717-722. CR - 8. Mistlberger A1, Ruckhofer J, Raithel E, Muller M, Alzner E, Egger SF, Grabner G. Anterior chamber contamination during cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. J Cataract Refract Surg 1997; 23(7):1064-1069. CR - 9. Leong JK, Shah R, McCluskey PJ, Benn RA, Taylor RF. Bacterial contamination of the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification cataract surgery. J Cataract Refract Surg 2002; 28(5):826-833. CR - 10. Speaker MG, Milch FA, Shah MK, Eisner W, Kreiswirth BN. Role of external bacterial flora in the pathogenesis of acute postoperative endophthalmitis. Ophthalmology 1991; 98(5):639-649. CR - 11. Ozdemir M, Bakaris S, Ozdemir G, Buyukbese MA, Cetinkaya A. Ocular surface disorders and tear function changes in patients with chronic renal failure. Can J Ophthalmol 2004; 39(5):526-532. CR - 12. Hori Y, Maeda N, Sakamoto M, Koh S, Inoue T, Tano Y. Bacteriologic profile of the conjunctiva in the patients with dry eye. Am J Ophthalmol 2008; 146:729-734. CR - 13. Balbaba M, Ulas F, Toplu SA. Effect of hemodialysis duration on conjunctival bacterial flora and susceptibility of conjunctival bacterial isolates to fluoroquinolones. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2013; 21(3):197-200. CR - 14. Cockerill FR, Wikler MA, Alder J, Dudley MN, Eliopoulos GM, Ferraro MJ, et al. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards.2012. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved Standard 2H-2. CR - 15. Bakaris S, Ozdemir M, Isik IO, Buyukbese MA, Ozdemir G. Impression cytology changes and corneoconjunctival calcification in patients with chronic renal failure. Acta Cytol 2005;49(1):1-6. CR - 16. Graham JE, Moore JE, Jiru X, et al. Ocular pathogen or commensal: a PCR-based study of surface bacterial flora in normal and dry eyes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007;48(12):5616-5623. CR - 17. Martins EN, Alvarenga LS, Hofling-Lima AL, et al. Aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in diabetic patients. Cornea 2004;23(2):136-142. CR - 18. Yang C, Fei Y, Qin Y, et al. Bacterial Flora Changes in Conjunctiva of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Type I Diabetes. Zhou D, ed. PLoS ONE 2015; 10(7):e0133021. CR - 19. Gunduz G, Gunduz A, Polat N, Cumurcu BE, Yakupogulları Y. The Effect of Chronic Alcoholism on the Conjunctival Flora. Curr Eye Res 2015; 4:1-6. CR - 20. Ermis SS, Aktepe OC, Inan UU, Ozturk F, Altindis M. Effect of topical dexamethasone and ciprofloxacin on bacterial flora of healthy conjunctiva. Eye (Lond. 2004;18(3):249-52. CR - 21. Chen SY, Kuo MC, Wang PN, Lin TL, Ma DH. Study of conjunctival flora in patients after peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and its correlation with tear secretion. Biomed J 2012;35(6):493-499. CR - 22. Gritz DC, Scott TJ, Sedo SF, Cevallos AV, Margolis TP, Whitcher JP. Ocular flora of patients with AIDS compared with those of HIV-negative patients. Cornea1997;16(4):400-005. CR - 23. Basaglia G.,et al. Catheter-Related Bacteremia Due to Kocuria kristinae in a Patient with Ovarian Cancer. J Clin Microbiol 2002; 40(1): 311–313. CR - 24. Savini V,et al. Drug sensitivity and clinical impact of members of the genus Kocuria Journal of Medical Microbiology 2010; 59:1395–1402. CR - 25. Kaya KE, Kurtoglu Y, Cesur S, et al. [Peritonitis due to Kocuria rosea in a continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis case.] Mikrobiyol Bul 2009; 43: 335-337. Turkish CR - 26. Altuntas F, Yildiz O, Eser B, Gundogan K, Sumerkan B, Cetin M. Catheter-related bacteremia due to Kocuria rosea in a patient undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. BMC Infect Dis 2004; 4: 62. CR - 27. Purty S, Saranathan R, Prashanth K, et al.The expanding spectrum of human infections caused by Kocuria species:a case report and literature review. Emerg Microbes Infect 2013; 2(10):e71. CR - 28. Boudewijns M, Vandeven J, Verhaegen J, Ben-Ami R, Carmeli Y. Vitek 2 automated identification system and Kocuria kristinae. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43: 5832. CR - 29. Capriotti JA, Pelletier JS, Shah M, Caivano DM, Ritterband DC. Normal ocular flora in healthy eyes from a rural population in Sierra Leone. Int Ophthalmol 2009; 29(2):81-84. CR - 30. Aslan L. Prevention and Treatment of Bacterial Endophthalmitis After Cataract Surgery. Clin Anal Med 2014; 5(4): 353-357. UR - https://doi.org/10.5799/jmid.1130130 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2483882 ER -