TY  - JOUR
T1  - A Study for Scale Development: War Trauma Exposure Scale
TT  - Ölçek Geliştirme Çalışması: Savaş Travması Maruziyet Ölçeği
AU  - Özüorçun Küçükertan, Nurten
AU  - Karancı, Ayşe Nuray
PY  - 2023
DA  - May
Y2  - 2023
DO  - 10.31682/ayna.1202068
JF  - AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Dergisi
PB  - ODTÜ- AYNA Klinik Psikoloji Destek Ünitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2148-4376
SP  - 265
EP  - 293
VL  - 10
IS  - 2
LA  - en
AB  - Despite being widely studied, research only deals with consequences of war. While assessing war effects, the existing instruments take war as a general trauma, simply ask about its existence and skip to the consequences. Thus, there is a gap in assessing what experiences the survivor went through. Aim of the study is to develop a scale that will enable understanding war experiences qualitatively, and also evaluate the impact of them quantitatively, named as War Trauma Exposure Scale (WTES). This study was carried out as part of a thesis (Author), with Turkish Cypriot women in North Cyprus (N = 168) considering Cyprus War. Three phases were followed: interview, pilot study, and psychometric examination. At psychometric investigation, factor analysis revealed three-factor solution: “Negative Emotions”, “Exposure to Violence”, and “Loss”. The overall reliability of WTES was good (r = .91). Both, Impact of Events Scale (IES-R) and the scale were gathered under the same factor with 75.68% variance. Scale showed significant correlations with other related constructs. ANOVA supported that the scale was parallel to IES-R. Chi-square fit test (χ²) revealed a good fit. Consequently, the scale is relatively valid and reliable for measuring war-related exposure despite limitations. WTES, is a distinct one since (1) it directly focuses on war-trauma, (2) lists 23 real war-trauma exposures to be identified, (3) asks the survivor’s war experience and (4) assess its influence.  Therefore, unlike existing scales to assess war-trauma, WTES helps to understand unique exposure of the war-survivor and assess the psychological impact these exposures.
KW  - war assessment
KW  - war scale
KW  - war trauma exposure
N2  - Geniş çapta çalışılmasına rağmen, araştırmalar yalnızca savaşın sonuçlarıyla ilgilenir. Savaşın etkilerini değerlendirirken mevcut ölçekler savaşı genel bir travma olarak ele alır, sadece yaşanıp yaşanmadığını sorar ve doğrudan sonuçlarına atlar. Yani, savaştan sağ kurtulanların hangi deneyimleri yaşadıklarını değerlendirmede bir boşluk vardır. Bu nedenle, çalışmanın amacı, savaş deneyimlerinin nitel olarak anlaşılmasını sağlayacak ve etkilerini nicel olarak değerlendirebilecek bir ölçek geliştirmektir. Bu çalışma bir tez çalışmasının parçası olarak (Yazar), Kuzey Kıbrıs'taki Kıbrıslı Türk kadınlarla (N = 168) Kıbrıs Savaşı dikkate alınarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada üç aşama izlenmiştir: görüşme, pilot çalışma ve psikometrik inceleme. Psikometrik incelemede, faktör analizi “Olumsuz Duygular”, “Şiddete Maruz Kalma” ve “Kayıp” olmak üzere üç faktörlü çözüm ortaya koymuştur. Ölçeğin genel güvenilirliği iyidir (r = .91). Hem Olayların Etkisi Ölçeği (IES-R) hem de Savaş Travmasına Maruz Kalma Ölçeği (WTES) %75.68 varyans ile aynı faktör altında toplanmıştır. Ölçek, diğer ilgili yapılarla önemli korelasyonlar göstermiştir. ANOVA, ölçeğin IES-R ile paralel olduğunu desteklemiştir. Ki-kare uyum testi (χ²) iyi bir uyum göstermiştir. Sonuç olarak WTES’in, sınırlılıklarına rağmen, savaşa bağlı maruz kalmayı ölçmek için nispeten geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçek olduğu bulunmuştur. Savaş Travmasına Maruz Kalma Ölçeği (WTES), (1) doğrudan savaş travmasına odaklandığı, (2) savaş travmasının tanımlanabilmesi için 23 gerçek savaş deneyimini listelediği, (3) hayatta kalanın maruz kaldığı savaş deneyimi sorduğu ve (4) bu maruz kalmanın etkisini ölçtüğü için diğer ölçeklerden ayrılır. Dolayısıyla, savaş travmasını değerlendirmeye yönelik mevcut ölçeklerden farklı olarak, WTES, savaştan sağ kurtulanların savaş deneyimlerini anlamayı ve bu savaş deneyimlerinin psikolojik etkisini değerlendirmeyi mümkün kılan bir ölçektir.
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.31682/ayna.1202068
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2762362
ER  -