TY - JOUR T1 - Investigation of Mothers' Childhood Trauma and Their Relationships with Their Children TT - Annelerin Çocukluk Dönemi Örselenme Durumları ile Çocuklarıyla Olan İlişkilerinin İncelenmesi AU - Kishalı, Zeynep AU - Balcı, Aslı AU - Aksu, Fatime AU - Aydın Kılıç, Zeynep Nur PY - 2023 DA - March DO - 10.53568/yyusbed.1231882 JF - Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi PB - Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1302-6879 SP - 184 EP - 204 IS - 59 LA - en AB - This study aimed to examine mothers' childhood trauma situations and their relations with their children. A relational screening model was used in this research. The study group of the research consisted of 250 mothers. Personal Information Form, Childhood Trauma Questionnaire and Child‒Parent Relationship Scale were used as data collection tools. The data obtained were analyzed with Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis. As a result of the study, it was found that there was a significant negative relationship between the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse subdimensions and emotional neglect, physical neglect subdimensions and Child Parent Relationship Scale-positive relationship subdimensions. It was found that there were positive and significant relationships between the the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse subdimensions and emotional neglect, physical neglect subdimensions and Child‒Parent Relationship Scale conflict subdimensions. There was a positive and significant relationship between Childhood Trauma Questionnaire physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse subdimensions and emotional neglect, physical neglect subdimensions and Child‒Parent Relationship Scale attachment subdimensions. KW - adverse childhood experiences KW - mother-child relationships KW - preschool period N2 - Araştırmada, annelerin çocukluk dönemi örselenme durumları ile çocuklarıyla olan ilişkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu, 250 anne oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Çocukluk Dönemi Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği ve Çocuk Ebeveyn İlişki Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler Pearson Momentler Çarpımı Korelasyon Analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda Çocukluk Dönemi Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği fiziksel istismar, cinsel istismar, duygusal istismar alt boyutları ve duygusal ihmal, fiziksel ihmal alt boyutları ile Çocuk Ebeveyn İlişki Ölçeği olumlu ilişki alt boyutu arasında negatif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu; Çocukluk Dönemi Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği fiziksel istismar, cinsel istismar, duygusal istismar alt boyutları ve duygusal ihmal, fiziksel ihmal alt boyutları ile Çocuk Ebeveyn İlişki Ölçeği çatışma alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu; Çocukluk Dönemi Örselenme Yaşantıları Ölçeği fiziksel istismar, cinsel istismar, duygusal istismar alt boyutları ve duygusal ihmal, fiziksel ihmal alt boyutları ile Çocuk Ebeveyn İlişki Ölçeği bağlanma alt boyutu arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. CR - Anda, R. F., Brown, D. W., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., & Giles, W. H. (2008). Adverse childhood experiences and prescription drug use in a cohort study of adult HMO patients. BMC Public Health, 8(1), 1-9. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3232061/ CR - Bakırcıoğlu, R. (2015). Çocuk ve ergende ruh sağlığı. Anı Yayıncılık. CR - Balcı-Akpınar, R. Küçükoğlu, S., Ejder Apay, S., Karaca, N., & Balcı, A. (2019). Üniversite öğrencilerinin çocukluk çağı örselenme yaşantıları, toplumsal cinsiyet algıları, şiddet eğilimleri ve şiddetle karşılaşma durumları. Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 62, 409-430. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article- file/745985 CR - Barone, L., & Carone, N. (2021). Childhood abuse and neglect experiences, Hostile-Helpless attachment, and reflective functioning in mentally ill filicidal mothers. Attachment & Human Development, 23(6), 771-794. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/14616734.2020.1738510?journalCode=rahd20 CR - Bernstein, D. P., Stein, J. A., Newcomb, M. D., Walker, E., Pogge, D., Ahluvalia, T., Syokes, J., Handelsman, L., Medrano, M., Desmond, D., & Zule, W. (2003). Development and validation of a brief screening version of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Child Abuse & Neglect, 27(2), 169-190. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213402005410 CR - Bifulco, A., Kwon, J., Jacobs, C., Moran, P. M., Bunn, A., & Beer, N. (2006). Adult attachment style as mediator between childhood neglect/abuse and adult depression and anxiety. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 41(10), 796-805. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-006-0101-z CR - Brogden, L., & E. Gregory, D. (2019). Resilience in community college students with adverse childhood experiences. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 43(2), 94-108. https://eric.ed.gov/? id=EJ1199495 CR - Brown, J., Cohen, P., Johnson, J. G., & Smailes, E. M. (1999). Childhood abuse and neglect: specificity of effects on adolescent and young adult depression and suicidality. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(12), 1490-1496. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0890856709667125 CR - Chapple, C. L., Tyler, K. A., & Bersani, B. E. (2005). Child neglect and adolescent violence: Examining the effects of self-control and peer rejection. Violence and Victims, 20(1), 39- 53.https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1067&context=sociologyfacpub CR - Chung, E. K., Mathew, L., Rothkopf, A. C., Elo, I. T., Coyne, J. C., & Culhane, J. F. (2009). Parenting attitudes and infant spanking: The influence of childhood experiences. Pediatrics, 124(2), e278-e286. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-3247 CR - Cooke, J. E., Racine, N., Plamondon, A., Tough, S., & Madigan, S. (2019). Maternal adverse childhood experiences, attachment style, and mental health: pathways of transmission to child behavior problems. Child Abuse & Neglect, 93, 27-37. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213419301358 CR - Davies, E., Read, J., & Shevlin, M. (2021). The impact of adverse childhood experiences and recent life events on anxiety and quality of life in university students. Higher Education, 84(1), 211-224. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10734-021-00774-9 CR - Denham, S. A. (2007). Dealing with feelings: How children negotiate the worlds of emotions and social relationships. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 11(1), 1-48. https://eds.p.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? vid=0&sid=c1766f42-d55d-4765-8bab-4b9d8ce5c704%40redis CR - Dube, S. R., Felitti, V. J., Dong, M., Giles, W. H., & Anda, R. F. (2003). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on health problems: evidence from four birth cohorts dating back to 1900. Preventive Medicine, 37(3), 268- 277. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12914833/ CR - Ezen, M., & Açıkgöz, A. (2017). Çocukların örselenmesine annelerin örselenme yaşantısının etkisi. Kocaeli Tıp Dergisi, 6(3), 13-21. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/514071 CR - Frias-Armenta, M. (2002). Long-term effects of child punishment on Mexican women: A structural model. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(4), 371-386. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213402003149 CR - Gardner, M. J., Thomas, H. J., & Erskine, H. E. (2019). The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Child Abuse & Neglect, 96, 104082. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0145213419302595?via%3Dihub CR - Gelfand, D. M., & Teti, D. M. (1990). The effects of maternal depression on children. Clinical Psychology Review, 10(3), 329-353. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1990-28370-001 CR - Gibb, B. E., & Alloy, L. B. (2006). A prospective test of the hopelessness theory of depression in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 35(2), 264-274. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_10 CR - Greene, C. A., Haisley, L., Wallace, C., & Ford, J. D. (2020). Intergenerational effects of childhood maltreatment: A systematic review of the parenting practices of adult survivors of childhood abuse, neglect, and violence. Clinical Psychology Review, 80, 101891. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32745835/ CR - Guss, S. S., Morris, A. S., Bosler, C., Castle, S. L., Hays-Grudo, J., Horm, D. M., & Treat, A. (2020). Parents’ adverse childhood experiences and current relationships with their young children: The role of executive function. Early Child Development and Care, 190(7), 1042-1052. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03004430.2018.1513921 CR - Güler, N., Uzun, S., Boztaş, Z., & Aydoğan, S. (2002). Anneleri tarafından çocuklara uygulanan duygusal ve fiziksel istismar/ihmal davranışı ve bunu etkileyen faktörler. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 24(3), 128-134. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/344565 CR - Hardt, J., Herke, M., & Schier, K. (2011). Suicidal ideation, parent–child relationships, and adverse childhood experiences: a cross-validation study using a graphical markov model. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 42(2), 119-133. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20953830/ CR - Harris, M., MacMillan, H., Andrews, K., Atkinson, L., Kimber, M., England-Mason, G., & Gonzalez, A. (2020). Maternal adverse childhood experiences, executive function & emotional availability in mother-child dyads. Child Abuse & Neglect, 111, 104830. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33307519/ CR - Heyman, R. E., & Slep, A. M. S. (2002). Do child abuse and interparental violence lead to adulthood family violence?. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(4), 864-870. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-06586-004 CR - Jimenez, A. (2019). The effects of emotional abuse and neglect in adulthood. North Texas Journal of Undergraduate Research, 1(1), 1-4. https://journals.library.unt.edu/index.php/undergrad/article/view/74/44 CR - Kaplan, S. J., Pelcovitz, D., & Labruna, V. (1999). Child and adolescent abuse and neglect research: A review of the past 10 years. Part I: Physical and emotional abuse and neglect. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(10), 1214-1222. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10517053/ CR - Karasar, N. (2019). Bilimsel araştirma yöntemi. Nobel Yayıncılık. CR - Kaya, S. (2014). Çocukluk dönemi örselenme yaşantıları ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe'ye uyarlanması [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Muğla Sıtkı Koçman Üniversitesi. CR - Kazan, H., & Sarısoy, S. (2021). Anne-çocuk ilişkisi bağlamında okul öncesi dönemde iletişim becerileri üzerine bir araştırma. İstanbul Aydın Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(2), 441-472. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/1677490 CR - Khan, M., & Renk, K. (2019). Mothers’ adverse childhood experiences, depressive symptoms, parenting, and attachment as predictors of young children’s problems. Journal of Child Custody, 16(3), 268-290. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019-17440-001 CR - Kim, J. (2009). Type-specific intergenerational transmission of neglectful and physically abusive parenting behaviors among young parents. Children and Youth Services Review, 31(7), 761-767. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2009-08167-008 CR - Kluczniok, D., Boedeker, K., Fuchs, A., Hindi Attar, C., Fydrich, T., Fuehrer, D., Dittrich, K., Reck, C., Winter S., Heinz, A., Herpetz, S.C., Brunner, R. & Bermpohl, F. (2015). Emotional availability in mother–child interaction: The effects of maternal depression in remission and additional history of childhood abuse. Depression and Anxiety, 33(7), 648-657. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26697826/ CR - Madigan, S., Wade, M., Plamondon, A., Maguire, J. L., & Jenkins, J. M. (2017). Maternal adverse childhood experience and infant health: Biomedical and psychosocial risks as intermediary mechanisms. The Journal of Pediatrics, 187, 282-289. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28549634/ CR - Martins, C., & Gaffan, E. A. (2000). Effects of early maternal depression on patterns of infant–mother attachment: A meta-analytic investigation. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 41(6), 737-746. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11039686/ CR - McDonald, S. W., Madigan, S., Racine, N., Benzies, K., Tomfohr, L., & Tough, S. (2019). Maternal adverse childhood experiences, mental health, and child behavior at age 3: The all our families community cohort study. Preventive Medicine, 118, 286-294. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30468793/ CR - McDonnell, C. G., & Valentino, K. (2016). Intergenerational effects of childhood trauma: evaluating pathways among maternal ACEs, perinatal depressive symptoms, and infant outcomes. Child Maltreatment, 21(4), 317- 326. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27457410/ CR - Menon, M., Katz, R. C., & Easterbrooks, M. (2020). Linking attachment and executive function systems: Exploring associations in a sample of children of young mothers. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 29(8), 2314-2329. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-47190-001 CR - Meyerson, L. A., Long, P. J., Miranda Jr, R., & Marx, B. P. (2002). The influence of childhood sexual abuse, physical abuse, family environment, and gender on the psychological adjustment of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(4), 387-405. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12092805/ CR - Muller, R. T., Thornback, K., & Bedi, R. (2012). Attachment as a mediator between childhood maltreatment and adult symptomatology. Journal of Family Violence, 27(3), 243-255. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012- 09807-008 CR - Kesebir, S., Özdoğan-Kavzoğlu, S., & Üstündağ, M. F. (2011). Bağlanma ve psikopatoloji. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar, 3(2), 321-342. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/download/article-file/115119 CR - Nguyen, T. P., Karney, B. R., & Bradbury, T. N. (2017). Childhood abuse and later marital outcomes: Do partner characteristics moderate the association?. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(1), 82-92. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2016-17681-001 CR - Olcay, A. (2021). Olumsuz çocukluk yaşantıları: okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin, eğitim yöneticilerinin ve destek personelinin farkındalık ve müdahale stratejileri̇. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi. CR - Öner-Demirci, A. N. (2019). 4-6 yaş arası çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin istismar farkındalıklarının bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Selçuk Üniversitesi. CR - Özyürek, A., & Şahin, F. T. (2015). Anne-çocuk ilişkisinin ve baba tutumlarının çocukların ahlaki ve sosyal kural anlayışları üzerine etkisi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 40(177), 161-174. http://eb.ted.org.tr/index.php/EB/article/view/3672/955 CR - Özkan, T. (2014). Çocuğu okul öncesi eğitim kurumuna devam eden babalara uygulanan baba katılımı programının baba-çocuk ilişkisi üzerine etkisi. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Gazi Üniversitesi. CR - Öztop, B. D. (2003). Depresyonu olan annelerin bebeklerinde bilişsel duygusal gelişim ve anne bebek ilişkisi. [Tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. Ankara Üniversitesi. CR - Patton, M. Q. (2005). Qualitative research. John Wiley & Sons. CR - Roberts, R., O’Connor, T., Dunn, J., Golding, J., & ALSPAC Study Team. (2004). The effects of child sexual abuse in later family life; mental health, parenting and adjustment of offspring. Child Abuse & Neglect, 28(5), 525- 545. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15159068/ CR - Robinson, J. (2008) Empathy and prosocial behavior. In Benson, J. B., & Haith, M. M. (Eds.), Social and emotional development in infancy and early childhood (3.th ed., pp 333-343). Cambridge: Academic. CR - Salokangas, R. K., Schultze-Lutter, F., Schmidt, S. J., Pesonen, H., Luutonen, S., Patterson, P., von Reventlow H. G., Heinimaa, M., & Hietala, J. (2019). Childhood physical abuse and emotional neglect are specifically associated with adult mental disorders. Journal of Mental Health, 29(4), 376-384. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/09638237.2018.1521940?needAccess=true&role=button CR - Srivastav, A., Spencer, M., Thrasher, J. F., Strompolis, M., Crouch, E., & Davis, R. E. (2020). Addressing health and well-being through state policy: Understanding barriers and opportunities for policy-making to prevent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in South Carolina. American Journal of Health Promotion, 34(2), 189- 197. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31597439/ CR - Stepleton, K., Bosk, E. A., Duron, J. F., Greenfield, B., Ocasio, K., & MacKenzie, M. J. (2018). Exploring associations between maternal adverse childhood experiences and child behavior. Children and Youth Services Review, 95, 80-87. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-64496-010 CR - Sullivan, S. A., Kounali, D., Cannon, M., David, A. S., Fletcher, P. C., Holmans, P., Jones, H., Jones, P., B., Linden, D.E.J., Lewis, G., Owen, M.J., O’Donovan, M., Rammos, A., Thompson, A., Wolke, D., Heron, J., & Zammit, S. (2020). A population-based cohort study examining the incidence and impact of psychotic experiences from childhood to adulthood, and prediction of psychotic disorder. American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(4), 308-317. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31906710/ CR - Sun, J., Patel, F., Rose-Jacobs, R., Frank, D. A., Black, M. M., & Chilton, M. (2017). Mothers’ adverse childhood experiences and their young children’s development. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 53(6), 882- 891. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28919342/ CR - Şahin-İpek, K. & Tarlacı, S. (2021). Annelerin çocukluk örselenmelerinin çocuğa bakım verme davranışları üzerindeki etkisi ve çocuk için riskleri. Gelişim ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 2(4), 141-163. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/gpd/issue/66374/933772 CR - Thornberry, T. P., & Henry, K. L. (2013). Intergenerational continuity in maltreatment. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(4), 555-569. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3640695/ CR - Treat, A. E., Sheffield Morris, A., Williamson, A. C., Hays-Grudo, J., & Laurin, D. (2017). Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and child executive function. Early Child Development and Care, 189(6), 926-937. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03004430.2017.1353978 CR - Treat, A. E., Sheffield-Morris, A., Williamson, A. C., & Hays-Grudo, J. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences and young children’s social and emotional development: the role of maternal depression, self-efficacy, and social support. Early Child Development and Care, 190(15), 2422-2436. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2019- 11658-001 CR - Watt, T., Kim, S., Ceballos, N., & Norton, C. (2022). People who need people: the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and mental health among college students. Journal of American College Health, 70(4), 1265-1273. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32705935/ CR - Widom, C. S., Czaja, S. J., Kozakowski, S. S., & Chauhan, P. (2018). Does adult attachment style mediate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and mental and physical health outcomes?. Child Abuse & Neglect, 76, 533-545. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28522128/ CR - Wilkerson, D., Johnson, G., & Johnson, R. (2008). Children of neglect with attachment and time perception deficits: strategies and ınterventions. Education, 129(2), 343-352. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ871571 CR - Yaşar, F. (2009). İlköğretime devam eden öğrencilerin anne-çocuk ilişkisini kabul ve reddedici algılama düzeyinin annenin evlilik doyumu ve evlilik uyumu düzeyiyle ilişkisi. [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi]. Çukurova Üniversitesi. CR - Yavuzer, H. (2001). Ana-baba ve çocuk. Remzi Kitabevi. CR - Yeşilyaprak, B. (2004). Çalışan anne ve çocuk. Morpa Kültür Yayıncılık. CR - Yörükoğlu, A. (2014). Çocuk ruh sağlığı. Özgür Yayıncılık. UR - https://doi.org/10.53568/yyusbed.1231882 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/2881888 ER -