TY - JOUR T1 - The Attitudes of Parents Having Children of 5 to 11 Years on the Use of Painkillers TT - 5-11 Yaş Çocuğu olan Ebeveynlerin Ağrı Kesici İlaç Kullanımına İlişkin Tutumları AU - Sümen, Adem AU - Ünal, Aysun AU - Yavaş, Gamze PY - 2023 DA - August DO - 10.54061/jphn.1273844 JF - Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Dergisi JO - Halk Sag Hem Der PB - Halk Sağlığı Hemşireliği Derneği WT - DergiPark SN - 2667-8047 SP - 117 EP - 128 VL - 5 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Objective: A wide variety of pain experiences are experienced during childhood. Children and parents may be inadequate in managing these pains. Parents may not want to use painkillers because they are afraid of the side effects of analgesics or that they are addictive. Little is known about parental attitudes in this context in Turkey. This study was planned to determine the attitudes of parents who have 5-11 aged children to administer pain medication.Methods: This research was conducted in descriptive type and the purposeful sampling method, one of the nonprobability sampling methods, was used in this study. The study was carried out in a primary school located in a town in the south of Turkey. Sociodemographic Data Collection Form and The Medication Attitudes Questionnaire which was prepared by the researchers by examining the literature, was used to collect the data. The sample of the study consisted of 395 parents.Results: It was found that sociodemographic variables parents' did not affect the use of painkillers. It is seen that most of the parents have inadequate information and training about the use, effects, frequency of use, and side effects of analgesics. Conclusion: It was determined that parents used various non-pharmacological treatments to manage their children's pain. In this context, it is seen that everyone should be made aware, without making any distinction between parents. KW - Analgesic drugs KW - paediatric pain KW - pain relief belief KW - painkillers attitude KW - parents N2 - Amaç: Çocukluk döneminde çok çeşitli ağrı deneyimleri yaşanır. Çocuklar ve ebeveynler bu ağrılarla baş etmede yetersiz kalabilmektedirler. Ebeveynler analjeziklerin yan etkilerinden korktukları ya da bağımlılık yaptığını düşünerek, ağrı kesici kullanmak istemeyebilirler. Türkiye'de bu bağlamda ebeveyn tutumları hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Bu araştırma, 5-11 yaş çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin ağrı kesici kullanımına ilişkin tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla planlanmıştır. Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipte yapılan bu araştırmada olasılıksız örnekleme yöntemlerinden biri olan amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma, Türkiye'nin güneyinde bir ilçede bulunan bir ilkokulda gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin toplanmasında araştırmacılar tarafından literatür incelenerek hazırlanan Sosyodemografik Veri Toplama Formu ve İlaç Tutumları Anketi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemi 395 ebeveynden oluşmaktadır.Bulgular: Ebeveynlerin sosyodemografik değişkenlerinin ağrı kesici kullanımını etkilemediği bulunmuştur. Ebeveynlerin çoğunun analjeziklerin kullanımı, etkileri, kullanım sıklığı ve yan etkileri konusunda yetersiz bilgi ve eğitime sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Ebeveynlerin çocuklarının ağrılarını yönetmek için çeşitli farmakolojik olmayan tedaviler kullandıkları belirlendi. Bu bağlamda anne baba ayrımı yapılmadan tüm ebeveynlerin bilinçlendirilmesi gerektiği görülmektedir. CR - Alghadeer, S. M., Wajid, S., Babelghaith, S. D., & Al-Arifi, M. N. (2021). Assessment of Saudi mothers’ attitudes towards their children’s pain and its management. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(1), 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18010348 CR - Alotaibi, K., Higgins, I., Day, J., & Chan, S. (2018). Paediatric pain management: Knowledge, attitudes, barriers and facilitators among nurses-integrative review. International Nursing Review, 65(4), 524–533. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12465 CR - Boztepe, H., Ay, A., & Akyüz, C. (2020). Maternal pain management at home in children with cancer: a Turkish sample. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 50, e99-e106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.08.007 CR - Carter, B., Arnott, J., Simons, J., & Bray, L. (2017). Developing a sense of knowing and acquiring the skills to manage pain in children with profound cognitive impairments: Mothers' perspectives. Pain Research & Management, 2017, 2514920. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2514920 CR - Chou, R., Gordon, D. B., de Leon-Casasola, O. A., Rosenberg, J. M., Bickler, S., Brennan, T., Carter, T., Cassidy, C. L., Chittenden, E. H., Degenhardt, E., Griffith, S., Manworren, R., McCarberg, B., Montgomery, R., Murphy, J., Perkal, M. F., Suresh, S., Sluka, K., Strassels, S., … Wu, C. L. (2016). Management of postoperative pain: A clinical practice guideline from the American Pain Society, the American Society of Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists' Committee on Regional Anesthesia, Executive Committee, and Administrative Council. The Journal of Pain, 17(2), 131–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2015.12.008 CR - Deniz, T. (2019). Psychometric properties of Turkish version of medication attitudues questionnaire. (Unpublished Master's Thesis). Dokuz Eylul University Health Sciences Institute, İzmir. CR - Esenay, F., Çalik, C., Doru, O., & Gedik, G. (2014). Traditional medical practices for the children admitted to a hospital with abdominal pain. Mersin Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(2), 47-54. CR - Fortier, M. A., Martin, S. R., Kain, D. I., & Tan, E. T. (2011). Parental attitudes regarding analgesic use for children: differences in ethnicity and language. Journal of Pediatric Surgery, 46(11), 2140-2145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2011.06.021 CR - Friedrichsdorf, S. J., & Goubert, L. (2019). Pediatric pain treatment and prevention for hospitalized children. Pain Reports, 5(1), e804. https://doi.org/10.1097/PR9.0000000000000804 CR - Gagnon, M. M., Hadjistavropoulos, T., McAleer, L. M., & Stopyn, R. J. N. (2020). Increasing parental access to pediatric pain-related knowledge: a systematic review of knowledge translation research among parents. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 36(1), 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1097/AJP.0000000000000770 CR - George, D., & Mallery, P. (2019). IBM SPSS statistics 26 step by step: A simple guide and reference. Routledge. CR - Kahsay, H. (2017). Assessment and treatment of pain in pediatric patients. Current Pediatric Research, 21(1), 148-157. CR - Lalloo, C., & Stinson, J. N. (2014). Assessment and treatment of pain in children and adolescents. Best Practice & Research Clinical Rheumatology, 28(2), 315-330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.berh.2014.05.003 CR - Lee, W. H., O'Brien, S., Skarin, D., Cheek, J. A., Deitch, J., Nataraja, R., Craig, S., Borland, M. L., & PREDICT. (2021). Pediatric abdominal pain in children presenting to the emergency department. Pediatric Emergency Care, 37(12), 593-598. https://doi.org/10.1097/PEC.0000000000001789 CR - Marchetti, G., Vittori, A., Tortora, V., Bishop, M., Lofino, G., Pardi, V., De Marco, E. A., Manca, G., Inserra, A., Caruso, R., Ciaralli, I., Locatelli, F., Bella, S., Tozzi, A. E., & Picardo, S. (2016). Prevalence of pain in the departments of surgery and oncohematology of a paediatric hospital that has joined the project "Towards pain free hospital". La Clinica Terapeutica, 167(5), 156–160. https://doi.org/10.7417/CT.2016.1948 CR - Paquette, J., Le May, S., Lachance Fiola, J., Villeneuve, E., Lapointe, A., & Bourgault, P. (2013). A randomized clinical trial of a nurse telephone follow‐up on paediatric tonsillectomy pain management and complications. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 69(9), 2054-2065. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12072 CR - Parker, R., McKeever, S., Wiseman, T., & Twycross, A. (2018). An integrative review of interventions to support parents when managing their child's pain at home. Pain Management Nursing, 19(2), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmn.2017.10.006 CR - Palermo, T.M. (2020). Pain prevention and management must begin in childhood: The key role of psychological interventions. Pain, 161(1), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001862 CR - Rony, R. Y. Z., Fortier, M. A., Chorney, J. M., Perret, D., & Kain, Z. N. (2010). Parental postoperative pain management: attitudes, assessment, and management. Pediatrics, 125(6), e1372-e1378. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-2632 CR - Stubberud, A., Varkey, E., McCrory, D. C., Pedersen, S. A., & Linde, M. (2016). Biofeedback as prophylaxis for pediatric migraine: a meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 138(2), e20160675. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2016-0675 CR - Twycross, A. M., Williams, A. M., Bolland, R. E., & Sunderland, R. (2015). Parental attitudes to children’s pain and analgesic drugs in the United Kingdom. Journal of Child Health Care, 19(3), 402-411. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493513517305 CR - Voepel-Lewis, T., Zikmund-Fisher, B. J., Smith, E. L., Zyzanski, S., & Tait, A. R. (2015). Parents’ preferences strongly influence their decisions to withhold prescribed opioids when faced with analgesic trade-off dilemmas for children: A prospective observational study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 52(8), 1343-1353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.05.003 CR - Yu, K. E., & Kim, J. S. (2021). Pediatric postoperative pain management in Korea: Parental attitudes toward pain and analgesics, self-efficacy, and pain management. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 58, e28-e36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.12.002 CR - Zisk, R. Y., Grey, M., MacLaren, J. E., & Kain, Z. N. (2007). Exploring sociodemographic and personality characteristic predictors of parental pain perceptions. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 104(4), 790-798. https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000257927.35206.c1 CR - Walther-Larsen, S., Pedersen, M. T., Friis, S. M., Aagaard, G. B., Rømsing, J., Jeppesen, E. M., & Friedrichsdorf, S. J. (2017). Pain prevalence in hospitalized children: a prospective cross-sectional survey in four Danish university hospitals. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica, 61(3), 328–337. https://doi.org/10.1111/aas.12846 CR - World Health Organization. (2020). Guidelines on the management of chronic pain in children. https://who.int/publications/i/item/9789240017870 UR - https://doi.org/10.54061/jphn.1273844 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3046901 ER -