TY - JOUR T1 - Behavioral Problems in Children with Hearing Loss: A Comparative Analysis with Children with Typical Development and Autism Spectrum Disorder AU - Çolaklıoğlu, Osman AU - Genç, Abdullah AU - Doğan, Murat PY - 2023 DA - October DO - 10.30831/akukeg.1298252 JF - Journal of Theoretical Educational Sciences PB - Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1308-1659 SP - 821 EP - 842 VL - 16 IS - 4 LA - en AB - Research findings on the prevalence and characteristics of behavioral problems of children with hearing loss (HL) are not consistent. The aim of this study was to compare the behavioral problems of children with HL, with typical development (TD) and with autism spectrum disorder (ASD); and to determine the factors affecting behavioral problems in the HL group. Data were collected by using two scales based on the reports of 273 teachers of children with TD, HL and ASD: Child Behavior Checklist-Teacher Report Form (CBCL-TRF) and Social Skills Rating System-Problem Behaviors (SSRS-PB). ANOVA results showed that there was no difference between children with HL and TD, children with ASD had more behavioral problems than the two groups. In the HL group, children using hearing aids exhibited more behavioral problems than children with cochlear implants. Children who had additional problems displayed more behavioral problems than those who had not. Age at onset of hearing aid use and age at implantation were found to be significant predictors of behavioral problems. The findings point to the role of early intervention in preventing behavioral problems in children with HL. KW - Behavioral problems KW - hearing loss KW - deafness KW - cochlear implants KW - autism spectrum disorder CR - Achenbach, T. M., & Edelbrock, C. S. (1986). Manual for the Teacher's Report Form and Version of the Child Behavior Profile. University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry, Burlington VT. CR - Ademokoya, J. A., & Olujide, M. G. (2007). Typology and interventions for some social problems affecting the learning of the hearing-impaired child. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 30(1), 75-79. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0b013e3280143ca4 CR - Barker, D. H., Quittner, A. L., Fink, N. E., Eisenberg, L. S., Tobey, E. A., & Niparko, J. K. (2009). Predicting behavior problems in deaf and hearing children: The influences of language, attention, and parent–child communication. Development and Psychopathology, 21(2), 373-392. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579409000212 CR - Batten, G., Oakes, P. M., & Alexander, T. (2014). Factors associated with social interactions between deaf children and their hearing peers: A systematic literature review. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 19(3), 285-302. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/ent052 CR - Beer, J., Harris, M. S., Kronenberger, W. G., Holt, R. F., & Pisoni, D. B. (2012). Auditory skills, language development, and adaptive behavior of children with cochlear implants and additional disabilities. International Journal of Audiology, 51(6), 491-498. https://doi.org/10.3109/14992027.2012.664291 CR - Bigler, D., Burke, K., Laureano, N., Alfonso, K., Jacobs, J., & Bush, M. L. (2019). Assessment and treatment of behavioral disorders in children with hearing loss: A systematic review. Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, 160(1), 36-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0194599818797598 CR - Boons, T., De Raeve, L., Langereis, M., Peeraer, L., Wouters, J., & Van Wieringen, A. (2013). Expressive vocabulary, morphology, syntax and narrative skills in profoundly deaf children after early cochlear implantation. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34(6), 2008-2022. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2013.03.003 CR - Chao, W., Lee, L., Liu, T., Tsou, Y., Chan, K., & Wu, C. (2015). Behavior problems in children with cochlear implants. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 79(5), 648-653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.02.006 CR - Choi, D. H., & Kim, J. (2003). Practicing social skills training for young children with low peer acceptance: A cognitive-social learning model. Early Childhood Education Journal, 31(1), 41-46. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025184718597 CR - Clark, M. (2007). A practical guide to quality interaction with children who have a hearing loss. San Diego, Oxford, Brisbane: Singular Publishing. CR - Cole, E. B., & Flexer, C. (2007). Children with hearing loss: Developing listening and talking, birth to six. San Diego, Oxford, Brisbane: Plural Publishing. CR - Cruz, I., Vicaria, I., Wang, N. Y., Niparko, J., Quittner, A. L., & CDaCI Investigative Team. (2012). Language and behavioral outcomes in children with developmental disabilities using cochlear implants. Otology and Neurotology, 33(5), 751-760. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e3182595309 CR - De Giacomo, A., Craig, F., D’Elia, A., Giagnotti, F., Matera, E., & Quaranta, N. (2013). Children with cochlear implants: cognitive skills, adaptive behaviors, social and emotional skills. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 77(12), 1975-1979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.09.015 CR - DeLuzio, J., & Girolametto, L. (2011). Peer interactions of preschool children with and without hearing loss. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 54(4), 1197-1210. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2010/10-0099) CR - Dilshad, M., Noreen, Z. V., & Tanvir, N. (2016). Measuring social emotional adjustment of hearing impaired children. Pakistan Journal of Social Sciences, 36(1), 519-530. CR - Drossos, T. N. (2004). Executive function and externalizing behavior problems in preschool children. Illinois Institute of Technology. CR - Edwards, L. C. (2007). Children with cochlear implants and complex needs: A review of outcome research and psychological practice. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 12(3), 259-268. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enm007 CR - Edwards, L., Khan, S., Broxholme, C., & Langdon, D. (2006). Exploration of the cognitive and behavioural consequences of paediatric cochlear implantation. Cochlear Implants International, 7(2), 61-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/cii.300 CR - Erol, N. & Şimşek, Z. (2010). Okul çağı çocuk ve gençler için davranış değerlendirme ölçekleri el kitabı: Achenbach ampirik temelli değerlendirme sistemi (ASEBA). Ankara: Mentis. CR - Filipo, R., Bosco, E., Mancini, P., & Ballantyne, D. (2004). Cochlear implants in special cases: deafness in the presence of disabilities and/or associated problems. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 124(supp.552), 74-80. https://doi.org/10.1080/03655230410017193 CR - Friedman-Krauss, A. H., Raver, C. C., Morris, P. A., & Jones, S. M. (2014). The role of classroom-level child behavior problems in predicting preschool teacher stress and classroom emotional climate. Early Education and Development, 25(4), 530-552. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2013.817030 CR - Göl, Z. (2017). Examination of Social Skill Levels of Hearing Impaired and Normal Children in Inclusive Preschool Classes [Unpublished master's thesis ]. Eskisehir: Anadolu University. CR - Gresham, F. M. (1997). Social competence and students with behavior disorders: Where we've been, where we are, and where we should go. Education and Treatment of Children, 20(3), 233-249. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42900487 CR - Gresham, F. M., & Elliott, S. N. (1990). Social skills rating system: Manual. American Guidance Service. CR - Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. New York: Pearson. CR - Herrera, M., & Little, E. (2005). Behaviour problems across home and kindergarten in an Australian Sample. Australian Journal of Educational and Developmental Psychology, 5, 77-90. CR - Hoffman, M. F., Cejas, I., & Quittner, A. L. (2016). Comparisons of longitudinal trajectories of social competence: Parent ratings of children with cochlear implants versus hearing peers. Otology & Neurotology, 37(2), 152-159. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0000000000000938 CR - Houston, D. M., & Miyamoto, R.T. (2010). Effects of early auditory experience on word learning and speech perception in deaf children with cochlear implants: Implications for sensitive periods of language development. Otololgy and Neurotology, 31(8), 1248–1253. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181f1cc6a CR - Jang, J., Dixon, D. R., Tarbox, J., & Granpeesheh, D. (2011). Symptom severity and challenging behavior in children with ASD. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(3), 1028-1032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.11.008 CR - Khan, S., Edwards, L., & Langdon, D. (2005). The cognition and behaviour of children with cochlear implants, children with hearing aids and their hearing peers: A comparison. Audiology and Neurotology, 10(2), 117-126. https://doi.org/10.1159/000083367 CR - Low, S., Cook, C. R., Smolkowski, K., & Buntain-Ricklefs, J. (2015). Promoting social emotional competence: An evaluation of the elementary version of second step. Journal of School Psychology, 53(6), 463-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.09.002 CR - Marschark, M. (2007). Raising and educating a deaf child: A comprehensive guide to the choices, controversies, and decisions faced by parents and educators. New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2015.09.002 CR - Matson, J. L., Wilkins, J., & Macken, J. (2008). The relationship of challenging behaviors to severity and symptoms of autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Mental Health Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 2(1), 29-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/19315860802611415 CR - Mills, G. E., & Gay, L. R. (2019). Educational research: Competencies for analysis and applications. New Jersey: Pearson. CR - Miyamoto, R. T., Hay-McCutcheon, M. J., Iler Kirk, K., Houston, D. M., & Bergeson-Dana, T. (2008). Language skills of profoundly deaf children who received cochlear implants under 12 months of age: a preliminary study. Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 128(4), 373-377. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016480701785012 CR - Moeller, M. P. (2000). Early intervention and language development in children who are deaf and hard of hearing. Pediatrics, 106(3), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.106.3.e43 CR - Most, T. (2004). The effects of degree and type of hearing loss on children's performance in class. Deafness & Education International, 6(3), 154-166. https://doi.org/10.1179/146431504790560528 CR - Nicholas, J. G., & Geers, A. E. (2003). Personal, social, and family adjustment in school-aged children with a cochlear implant. Ear and Hearing, 24(1), 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AUD.0000051750.31186.7A CR - Nunes, T., Pretzlik, U., & Olsson, J. (2001). Deaf children's social relationships in mainstream schools. Deafness & Education International, 3(3), 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1179/146431501790560972 CR - Öztürk, Ö., Erermiş, S., Ercan, E. S., Gülen, F., Başay, B. K., Başay, Ö., ... & Aydın, C. (2016). Does the quality of life in autism spectrum disorder differ from other chronic disorders and healthy children. Anatolian Journal of Psychiatry, 17(5), 419-426. https://doi.org/10.5455/apd.185269 CR - Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (1989). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. American Psychological Association, 44(2), 329–335. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.2.329 CR - Patton, R. K. (2004). Social skills issues of mainstreaming hearing-impaired children. Unpublished master thesis. USA: Washington University. CR - Quittner, A. L., Barker, D. H., Cruz, I., Snell, C., Grimley, M. E., Botteri, M., & CDaCI Investigative Team. (2010). Parenting stress among parents of deaf and hearing children: Associations with language delays and behavior problems. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10(2), 136-155. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295190903212851 Quittner, A. L., Barker, D. H., Snell, C., Cruz, I., McDonald, L. G., Grimley, M. E., ... & Investigative Team, C. (2007). Improvements in visual attention in deaf infants and toddlers after cochlear implantation. Audiological Medicine, 5(4), 242-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/16513860701745401 CR - Remine, M. D., & Brown, P. M. (2010). Comparison of the prevalence of mental health problems in deaf and hearing children and adolescents in Australia. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44(4), 351-357. https://doi.org/10.3109/000486709034898 CR - Simó-Pinatella, D., Mumbardó-Adam, C., Alomar-Kurz, E., Sugai, G., & Simonsen, B. (2019). Prevalence of challenging behaviors exhibited by children with disabilities: Mapping the Literature. Journal of Behavioral Education, 28(3), 323–343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10864-019-09326-9 CR - Squires, J. (2003). The ımportance of early ıdentification of social and emotional difficulties ın preschool children. USA: University of Oregon. CR - Stevenson, J., Kreppner, J., Pimperton, H., Worsfold, S., & Kennedy, C. (2015). Emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents with hearing impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 24, 477-496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-015-0697-1 CR - Sucuoğlu, B., & Özokçu, O. (2005). Kaynaştırma öğrencilerinin sosyal becerilerinin değerlendirilmesi. Ankara Üniversitesi Eğitim Bilimleri Fakültesi Özel Eğitim Dergisi, 6(1), 41-57. https://doi.org/10.1501/Ozlegt_0000000086 CR - Swanwick, R., & Marschark, M. (2010). Enhancing education for deaf children: Research into practice and back again. Deafness & Education International, 12(4), 217-235. https://doi.org/10.1179/1557069X10Y.0000000002 CR - Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.), Boston, MA: Pearson. CR - Theunissen, S. C., Rieffe, C., Kouwenberg, M., De Raeve, L. J., Soede, W., Briaire, J. J., & Frijns, J. H. (2014a). Behavioral problems in school-aged hearing-impaired children: the influence of sociodemographic, linguistic, and medical factors. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 23, 187-196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-013-0444-4 CR - Theunissen, S. C., Rieffe, C., Kouwenberg, M., De Raeve, L., Soede, W., Briaire, J. J., & Frijns, J. H. (2012). Anxiety in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants compared to normally hearing controls. The Laryngoscope, 122(3), 654-659. https://doi.org/10.1002/lary.22502 CR - Theunissen, S. C., Rieffe, C., Netten, A. P., Briaire, J. J., Soede, W., Kouwenberg, M., & Frijns, J. H. (2014b). Self-esteem in hearing-impaired children: the influence of communication, education, and audiological characteristics. Plos One, 9(4), e94521. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0094521 CR - Tomblin, J. B., Zhang, X., Buckwalter, P., & Catts, H. (2000). The association of reading disability, behavioral disorders, and language impairment among second-grade children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 41(4), 473-482. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00632 CR - Tüfekçioğlu, Ü. (2005). İşitme, konuşma ve görme sorunları olan çocukların eğitimi. Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi CR - Turan, Z. (2014). Teacher goals in an early intervention program for children with hearing loss. European Journal of Research on Education, 2(2), 146-153. https://doi.org/10.15527/ejre.201426258 CR - van Eldik, T. (2005). Mental health problems of Dutch youth with hearing loss as shown on the Youth Self Report. American Annals of the Deaf, 150(1), 11-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26234698 CR - Venetz, M., Zurbriggen, C. L. A., & Schwab, S. (2019). What do teachers think about their students' inclusion? consistency of students' self-reports and teacher ratings. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 16-37. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01637 CR - Wake, M., Hughes, E. K., Collins, C. M., & Poulakis, Z. (2004). Parent-reported health related quality of life in children with congenital hearing loss: A population study. Ambulatory Pediatrics, 4(5), 411-417. https://doi.org/10.1367/A03-191R.1 CR - Walker, H. M., Seeley, J. R., Small, J., Severson, H. H., Graham, B. A., Feil, E. G., & Forness, S. R. (2009). A randomized controlled trial of the first Step to Success early intervention: Demonstration of program efficacy outcomes within a diverse, urban school district. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. 17(4), 54-87 https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426609341645 CR - Wauters, L. N., & Knoors, H. (2008). Social integration of deaf children in inclusive settings. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 13(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enm028 CR - Xie, Y. H., Potměšil, M., & Peters, B. (2014). Children who are deaf or hard of hearing in inclusive educational settings: A literature review on interactions with peers. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 19(4), 423-437. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enu017 CR - Yavuz, H., Baran, G., & Biçakçi, M. Y. (2010). Comparison of social adjustment of children with and without hearing impairment in 9-17 age groups. Journal of Society & Social Work, 21(1), 7-23. UR - https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.1298252 L1 - http://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3147631 ER -