TY - JOUR T1 - Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Web3 Teknolojileri Farkındalığının Çeşitli Değişkenler Açısından İncelenmesi TT - Investigation of University Students' Awareness of Web3 Technologies in Terms of Different Variables AU - Çelik, Ahmet AU - Üstündağ, Mutlu Tahsin AU - Ceran, Onur AU - Uysal, Mevlüt AU - Tanrıverdi, Mustafa AU - Ayaz, Zafer PY - 2023 DA - December Y2 - 2023 DO - 10.37217/tebd.1375133 JF - Türk Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi JO - TEBD PB - Gazi Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 2459-1912 SP - 1710 EP - 1740 VL - 21 IS - 3 LA - tr AB - Web3 teknolojileri günümüz dünyasında hızla gelişmesi sonucunda toplumsal yaşantımız üzerinde yıkıcı bir etki oluşturmaya başlamıştır. Gelecekteki iş gücü ortamlarında vazgeçilmez olacağı öngörülen bu teknolojilerden doğru şekilde faydalanabilmek için özellikle üniversite öğrencilerinin bugünden doğru bir farkındalık geliştirmeye ihtiyacı vardır. Bu bağlamda üniversite öğrencileri arasında Web3 teknolojileri farkındalığını artırmak için düzenlenen eğitimler önemli hale gelmiştir. Bu araştırmada Gazi Üniversitesinin öğrencilerine ücretsiz olarak sunduğu Web3 eğitiminin üniversite öğrencilerinin Web3 teknolojilerine yönelik farkındalıkları üzerindeki etkisini çeşitli değişkenler açısından ortaya koymak amaçlanmıştır. Betimsel bir tarama çalışması olan bu araştırmanın örneklemi 387 Gazi Üniversitesi öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verileri Web3 Farkındalık (WEB3F) Ölçeği ile çevrim içi ortamda toplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre Web3 eğitimine katılan üniversite öğrencilerinin Web3 teknolojileri farkındalık düzeylerinin ortalamanın üzerinde olduğu, öğrencilerin farkındalık düzeylerinin sadece internet kullanım geçmişine göre anlamlı bir farklılık gösterdiği; cinsiyet, yaş, sınıf düzeyi, eğitim düzeyi, eğitim alanı ve günlük internet kullanım süresi faktörlerine göre anlamlı farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir. KW - Web3 Education KW - Farkındalık KW - Blokzinciri KW - Akıllı sözleşmeler KW - Metaverse KW - NFT N2 - Web3 technologies have begun to have a disruptive impact on our social lives as a result of their rapid growth in today’s society. To profit from these technologies, which are expected to be vital in future working contexts, university students, in particular, must gain the right awareness of these technologies today. Trainings to raise Web3 technology awareness among university students have become more significant in these circumstances. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of free Web3 training provided by Gazi University on university students’ awareness of Web3 technologies in terms of various factors. The sampling group for this study, which was designed using a descriptive survey study design, comprises 387 Gazi University students. The Web3 Awareness Scale (WEB3A) was used to collect study data online. According to the findings, the Web3 awareness levels of the university students who participated in Web3 training were above average. Students’ awareness levels differed significantly in terms of internet usage history but were not related to gender, age, class level, education level, field of study, or daily internet usage time. CR - Abdi, H. (2010). Coefficient of variation. N. Salkind (Ed.), Encyclopedia of research design içinde (s. 155–157). Thousand Oaks: Sage. CR - Agustina, T. S. & Fauzia, D. S. (2021). The need for achievement, risk-taking propensity, and entrepreneurial intention of the generation Z. Risenologi, 6(1), 96-106. https://doi.org/10.47028/j.risenologi.2021.61.161 CR - Akbulut, Y. (2010). Sosyal bilimlerde SPSS uygulamaları. İstanbul: İdeal Kültür Yayıncılık. CR - Alabdulwahhab, F. A. (2018). Web 3.0: The Decentralized Web Blockchain networks and Protocol Innovation. 1st International Conference on Computer Applications and Information Security, ICCAIS 2018, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia içinde (s. 1-4). https://doi.org/10.1109/CAIS.2018.8441990 CR - Alkhudary, R., Belvaux, B. & Guibert, N. (2023). Understanding non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Insights on consumption practices and a research agenda. Marketing Letters, 34(2), 321–336. https://doi.org/10.1007/S11002-022-09655-2/TABLES/2 CR - Bai, Y., Lei, H., Li, S., Gao, H., Li, J. & Li, L. (2022). Decentralized and self-sovereign identity in the era of Blockchain: A survey. Proceedings - 2022 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain, Blockchain 2022 içinde (s. 500–507). https://doi.org/10.1109/BLOCKCHAIN55522.2022.00077 CR - Balis, J. (2022). How Brands Can Enter the Metaverse. https://hbr.org/2022/01/how-brands-can-enter-the-metaverse sayfasından erişilmiştir. CR - Bellavitis, C., Fisch, C. & Momtaz, P. P. (2023). The rise of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs): A first empirical glimpse. Venture Capital, 25(2), 187–203. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691066.2022.2116797 CR - Buldas, A., Draheim, D., Gault, M. & Saarepera, M. (2022). Towards a foundation of Web3. Communications in computer and information science. 1688 CCIS, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8069-5_1/FIGURES/3 CR - Chen, C., Zhang, L., Li, Y., Liao, T., Zhao, S., Zheng, Z., … & Wu, J. (2022). When digital economy meets Web3.0: Applications and challenges. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, 3, 233–245. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCS.2022.3217565 CR - Chen, Y. & Bellavitis, C. (2020). Blockchain disruption and decentralized finance: The rise of decentralized business models. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 13(e00151). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbvi.2019.e00151 CR - Chui, M., Issler, M., Roberts, R. & Yee, L. (2023). Technology trends outlook 2023. McKinsey & Company. CR - Creswell, J. W. & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. USA: SAGE Publications. CR - Ding, W., Hou, J., Li, J., Guo, C., Qin, J., Kozma, R. & Wang, F. Y. (2022). DeSci based on Web3 and DAO: A comprehensive overview and reference model. IEEE Transactions on Computational Social Systems, 9(5), 1563–1573. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSS.2022.3204745 CR - Gao, H., Chong, A. Y. L. & Bao, H. (2023). Metaverse: Literature review, synthesis and future research agenda. Journal of Computer Information Systems [Çevrim içi ön yayın]. https://doi.org/10.1080/08874417.2023.2233455 CR - Ghosh, B., Bouri, E., Wee, J. B. & Zulfiqar, N. (2023). Return and volatility properties: Stylized facts from the universe of cryptocurrencies and NFTs. Research in International Business and Finance, 65, 101945. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.RIBAF.2023.101945 CR - Goswami, A. & Dutta, S. (2015). Gender differences in technology usage—A literature review. Open Journal of Business and Management, 4(1), 51-59. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2016.41006 CR - Gökcan, M. & Kavas, A. B. (2018). Meslek seçiminde toplumsal cinsiyetin rolü: Bir ölçek geliştirme çalışması. Kariyer Psikolojik Danışmanlığı Dergisi, 1(1), 48-67. CR - Gupta, A., Khan, H. U., Nazir, S., Shafiq, M. & Shabaz, M. (2023). Metaverse security: Issues, challenges and a viable ZTA model. Electronics 2023, 12(2), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ELECTRONICS12020391 CR - Hutcheson, G. D. & Sofroniou, N. (1999). The multivariate social scientist: An introduction to generalized linear models. Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications. CR - Idelberger, F. & Mezei, P. (2022). Non-fungible tokens. Internet Policy Review, 11(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.14763/2022.2.1660 CR - Jereb, E., Urh, M., Jerebic, J. & Šprajc, P. (2018). Gender differences and the awareness of plagiarism in higher education. Social Psychology of Education, 21, 409-426. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-017-9421-y CR - Kalhoro, A., Wagan, A. A., Khan, A. A., Lin, J. M., Ku, C. S., Por, L. Y. & Yang, J. (2023). Rewarding developers by storing applications on non-fungible tokens. Mathematics 2023, 11, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/MATH11112519 CR - Kim, H.-Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 38(1), 52–54. https://doi.org/10.5395/rde.2013.38.1.52 CR - Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3. b.). New York: Guildford. CR - McCormac, A., Zwaans, T., Parsons, K., Calic, D., Butavicius, M. & Pattinson, M. (2017). Individual differences and information security awareness. Computers in Human Behavior, 69, 151-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.065 CR - Min, T. & Cai, W. (2022). Portrait of decentralized application users: an overview based on large-scale Ethereum data. CCF Transactions on Pervasive Computing and Interaction, 4(2), 124–141. https://doi.org/10.1007/S42486-022-00094-6/FIGURES/13 CR - Momtaz, P. P. (2022). Some very simple economics of Web3 and the Metaverse. FinTech, 1(3), 225–234. https://doi.org/10.3390/FINTECH1030018 CR - Mozumder, M. A. I., Sheeraz, M. M., Athar, A., Aich, S. & Kim, H. C. (2022). Overview: Technology roadmap of the future trend of metaverse based on Iot, blockchain, AI technique, and medical domain metaverse activity. International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, 2022-February içinde (s. 256–261). https://doi.org/10.23919/ICACT53585.2022.9728808 CR - Murray, A., Kim, D. & Combs, J. (2023). The promise of a decentralized internet: What is Web3 and how can firms prepare? Business Horizons, 66(2), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.BUSHOR.2022.06.002 CR - Murray, A., Kuban, S., Josefy, M. & Anderson, J. (2021). Contracting in the smart era: The implications of blockchain and decentralized autonomous organizations for contracting and corporate governance. Academy of Management Perspectives, 35(4), 622–641. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMP.2018.0066 CR - Ray, P. P. (2023). Web3: A comprehensive review on background, technologies, applications, zero-trust architectures, challenges and future directions. Internet of Things and Cyber-Physical Systems, 3, 213–248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iotcps.2023.05.003 CR - Rogers, E. M. (2010). Diffusion of innovations (4. b.). New York: The Free Press. CR - Saurabh, K., Rani, N. & Upadhyay, P. (2023). Towards blockchain led decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) business model innovations. Benchmarking, 30(2), 475–502. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2021-0606/FULL/PDF CR - Schär, F. (2020). Decentralized finance: On blockchain- and smart contract-based financial markets. SSRN Electronic Journal [Çevrim içi ön yayın]. https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3571335 CR - Sheridan, D., Harris, J., Wear, F., Cowell Jr, J., Wong, E. & Yazdinejad, A. (2022). Web3 challenges and opportunities for the market. Computers and Society [Çevrim içi ön yayın]. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2209.02446 CR - Su, P., Wang, L. & Yan, J. (2018). How users’ Internet experience affects the adoption of mobile payment: a mediation model. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, 30(2), 186-197. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537325.2017.1297788 CR - Şen, S. & Yıldırım, İ. (2021). Eğitimde araştırma yöntemleri. Ankara: Nobel Yayıncılık. CR - Uysal, M., Üstündağ, M. T., Çelik, A., Tanrıverdi, M., Ceran, O. & Ayaz, Z. (baskıda). Development of Web3 Awareness Scale as the next evolution of the internet. Participatory Educational Research. CR - Wang, H., Ning, H., Lin, Y., Wang, W., Dhelim, S., Farha, F., … & Daneshmand, M. (2023). A Survey on the Metaverse: The state-of-the-art, technologies, applications, and challenges. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 10(16), 14671-14688. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2023.3278329 CR - Wang, Q., Li, R., Wang, Q. & Chen, S. (2021). Non-Fungible Token (NFT): Overview, evaluation, opportunities and challenges. Cryptography and Security. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2105. 07447 CR - Wang, Q., Li, R., Wang, Q., Chen, S., Ryan, M. & Hardjono, T. (2022). Exploring Web3 from the view of blockchain. Cryptography and Security. https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2206.08821 CR - Yang, Q., Zhao, Y., Huang, H., Xiong, Z., Kang, J. & Zheng, Z. (2022). Fusing blockchain and AI with Metaverse: A survey. Computers and Society. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2201.03201 CR - Zheng, P., Jiang, Z., Wu, J. & Zheng, Z. (2023). Blockchain-based decentralized application: A survey. IEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society, 4, 121–133. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJCS.2023.3251854 CR - Zheng, Z., Xie, S., Dai, H., Chen, X. & Wang, H. (2017). An overview of blockchain technology: Architecture, consensus, and future trends. Proceedings - 2017 IEEE 6th International Congress on Big Data, BigData Congress 2017 içinde (s. 557–564). https://doi.org/10.1109/ BIGDATACONGRESS.2017.85 UR - https://doi.org/10.37217/tebd.1375133 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3471170 ER -