TY - JOUR T1 - Esansiyel Yağlar ve Et Kalitesi AU - Yıldız, Gültekin AU - Nihat, Ali PY - 2024 DA - October Y2 - 2024 JF - Akademik Et ve Süt Kurumu Dergisi JO - AESKD PB - Et ve Süt Kurumu WT - DergiPark SN - 2757-5470 SP - 11 EP - 19 IS - 8 LA - tr AB - Uçucu yağların et kalitesi üzerine etkileri oldukça fazladır ve bu konuda çalışmalar gün geçtikçe artmaktadır. Bu konunun gerek hayvan beslenmesi ve gerekse hayvansal ürünlerin korunmasındaki etkileri ele alınmıştır. Kekik timol ve karvakrol gibi fenolik terpenlerin antioksidan varlığı ile güçlü etkiye sahitir. Uçucu yağ karışımlarının sinerjistik bir etkiye sahip olması sayesinde sığır eti kalitesine olumlu etkileri vardır. Taze hayvansal ürünler çabuk bozulur ve kısa raf ömrüne sahiptir. Doğal antioksidanlar (esansiyel yağlar) içeren yenilebilir kaplamalar, taze ürünlerin stabilitesini artırabilir, kaliteyi sağlayabilir ve raf ömrünü uzatabilir. Yenilebilir uçucu yağlarla et ürünlerinin kaplanması ile etin raf ömrünün uzatılması, oksidasyonun azaltılması ve mikroorganizmal bozulmanın korunmasında avantajlar sağlanabilir. KW - Besi KW - esansiyel yağ KW - et KW - kalite CR - Aggarwal, S. G. ve Goyal, S. (2012). Comparative analysis of antimicrobial activity of essential oil of Ocimum kilimandscharium. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 5(1), 53-55. CR - Artiga-Artigas, M., Acevedo-Fani, A. ve Martín-Belloso, O. (2017). Improving the shelf life of low-fat cut cheese using nanoemulsion-based edible coatings containing oregano essential oil and mandarin fiber. Food Control, 76, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.01.001 CR - Bakkali, F., Averbeck, S., Averbeck, D. ve Idaomar, M. (2008). Biological effects of essential oils – A review. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 46(2), 446–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2007.09.106 CR - Bang, K. H., Lee, D.W., Park, H. M. ve Rhee, Y. H. (2000). Inhibition of fungal cell wall synthesizing enzymes by trans-Cinnamaldehyde. Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry, 64(5), 1061-1063. https://doi.org/10.1271/bbb.64.1061 CR - Benchaar, C., Petit, H. V., Berthiaume, R., Ouellet, D. R., Chiquette, J. ve Chouinard, P. Y. (2007). Effects of Essential Oils on Digestion, Ruminal Fermentation, Rumen Microbial Populations, Milk Production, and Milk Composition in Dairy Cows Fed Alfalfa Silage or Corn Silage. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(2), 886–897. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(07)71572-2 CR - Brown, T. R. ve Lawrence, T. E. (2010). Association of liver abnormalities with carcass grading performance and value. Journal of Animal Science, 88(12), 4037–4043. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2010-3219 CR - Burt, S. (2004). Essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods—a review. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 94(3), 223–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.03.022 CR - Calsamiglia, S., Busquet, M., Cardozo, P. W., Castillejos, L. ve Ferret, A. (2007). Invited Review: Essential Oils as Modifiers of Rumen Microbial Fermentation. Journal of Dairy Science, 90(6), 2580–2595. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2006-644 CR - Campo, M. M., Nute, G. R., Hughes, S. I., Enser, M., Wood, J. D. ve Richardson, R. I. (2006). Flavour perception of oxidation in beef. Meat Science, 72(2), 303–311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2005.07.015 CR - Cardozo, P. W., Calsamiglia, S., Ferret, A. ve Kamel, C. (2005). Screening for the effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 83(11), 2572–2579. https://doi.org/10.2527/2005.83112572x CR - De Souza, K. A., de Oliveira Monteschio, J., Mottin, C., Ramos, T. R., de Moraes Pinto, L. A., Eiras, C. E., Guerrero, A. ve Do Prado, I. N. (2018). Effects of diet supplementation with clove and rosemary essential oils and protected oils (eugenol, thymol and vanillin) on animal performance, carcass characteristics, digestibility, and ingestive behavior activities for Nellore heifers finished in feedlot. Livestock Science, 220, 190-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2018.12.026 CR - Dorman, H. J. D. ve Deans, S. G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88(2), 308–316. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x CR - Du, W.-X., Avena-Bustillos, R. J., Woods, R., Breksa, A. P., McHugh, T. H., Friedman, M., Levin, C. E. ve Mandrell, R. (2012). Sensory Evaluation of Baked Chicken Wrapped with Antimicrobial Apple and Tomato Edible Films Formulated with Cinnamaldehyde and Carvacrol. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 60(32), 7799–7804. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf301281a CR - Elwakeel, E. A., Amachawadi, R. G., Nour, A. M., Nasser, M. E. A., Nagaraja, T. G. ve Titgemeyer, E. C. (2013). In vitro degradation of lysine by ruminal fluid-based fermentations and by Fusobacterium necrophorum. Journal of Dairy Science, 96(1), 495–505. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2012-5810 CR - Geraci, J. I., Garciarena, A. D., Gagliostro, G. A., Beauchemin, K. A. ve Colombatto, D. (2012). Plant extracts containing cinnamaldehyde, eugenol and capsicum oleoresin added to feedlot cattle diets: Ruminal environment, short term intake pattern and animal performance. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 176(1-4), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2012.07.015 CR - Ghabraie, M., Vu, K. D., Tata, L., Salmieri, S. ve Lacroix, M. (2016). Antimicrobial effect of essential oils in combinations against five bacteria and their effect on sensorial quality of ground meat. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 66, 332–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2015.10.055 Harris, S. E., Huff-Lonergan, E., Lonergan, S. M., Jones, W. R. ve Rankins, D. (2001). Antioxidant status affects color stability and tenderness of calcium chloride-injected beef. Journal of Animal Science, 79(3), 666-677. https://doi.org/10.2527/2001.793666x CR - Helander, I. M., Alakomi, H.-L., Latva-Kala, K., Mattila-Sandholm, T., Pol, I., Smid, E. J., Gorris, L. G. M. ve Von Wright, A. (1998). Characterization of the Action of Selected Essential Oil Components on Gram-Negative Bacteria. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 46(9), 3590–3595. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf980154m CR - Khaleque, M. A., Keya, C. A., Hasan, K. N., Hoque, M. M., Inatsu, Y. ve Bari, M. L. (2016). Use of cloves and cinnamon essential oil to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes in ground beef at freezing and refrigeration temperatures. LWT, 74, 219–223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.07.042 CR - Khiaosa-ard, R. ve Zebeli, Q. (2013). Meta-analysis of the effects of essential oils and their bioactive compounds on rumen fermentation characteristics and feed efficiency in ruminants. Journal of Animal Science, 91(4), 1819–1830. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2012-5691 CR - Lambert, R. J. W., Skandamis, P. N., Coote, P. J. ve Nychas, G. -J. E. (2001). A study of the minimum inhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 91(3), 453–462. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01428.x CR - Lee, H. -S., Kim, B. -S. ve Kim, M. -K. (2002). Suppression Effect of Cinnamomum cassia Bark-Derived Component on Nitric Oxide Synthase. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(26), 7700–7703. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf020751f CR - Lorenzo, J. M., González-Rodríguez, R. M., Sánchez, M., Amado, I. R. ve Franco, D. (2013). Effects of natural (grape seed and chestnut extract) and synthetic antioxidants (buthylatedhydroxytoluene, BHT) on the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of dry cured sausage “chorizo.” Food Research International, 54(1), 611–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2013.07.064 CR - Martineau, R., Petit, H. V., Benchaar, C., Lapierre, H., Ouellet, D. R., Pellerin, D. ve Berthiaume, R. (2008). Effects of lasalocid or monensin on in situ biohydrogenation of flaxseed and sunflower seed unsaturated fatty acids. Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 88(2), 335–339. https://doi.org/10.4141/cjas07147 CR - Meyer, N. F., Erickson, G. E., Klopfenstein, T. J., Greenquist, M. A., Luebbe, M. K., Williams, P. ve Engstrom, M. A. (2009). Effect of essential oils, tylosin, and monensin on finishing steer performance, carcass characteristics, liver abscesses, ruminal fermentation, and digestibility. Journal of Animal Science, 87(7), 2346–2354. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2008-1493 CR - Mor-Mur, M. ve Yuste, J. (2009). Emerging Bacterial Pathogens in Meat and Poultry: An Overview. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 3(1), 24–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11947-009-0189-8 CR - Mulla, M., Ahmed, J., Al-Attar, H., Castro-Aguirre, E., Arfat, Y. A. ve Auras, R. (2017). Antimicrobial efficacy of clove essential oil infused into chemically modified LLDPE film for chicken meat packaging. Food Control, 73, 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.09.018 CR - Nagaraja, T. G. ve Chengappa, M. M. (1998). Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: a review. Journal of Animal Science, 76(1), 287-298. https://doi.org/10.2527/1998.761287x CR - Nagaraja, T. G., Laudert, S. B., Parrott, J. C. ve Stokka, G. L. (1996). Liver abscesses in feedlot cattle. Part 2. Incidence, economic importance and prevention. Compendium on Continuing Education for the Practicing Veterinarian, 18(10), 264–273. CR - Ozogul, Y., Yuvka, İ., Ucar, Y., Durmus, M., Kösker, A. R., Öz, M. ve Ozogul, F. (2017). Evaluation of effects of nanoemulsion based on herb essential oils (rosemary, laurel, thyme and sage) on sensory, chemical and microbiological quality of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets during ice storage. LWT, 75, 677–684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2016.10.009 CR - Potter, E. L., Wray, M. I., Muller, R. D., Grueter, H. P., McAskill, J. ve Young, D. C. (1985). Effect of Monensin and Tylosin on Average Daily Gain, Feed Efficiency and Liver Abscess Incidence in Feedlot Cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 61(5), 1058–1065. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas1985.6151058x CR - Pukrop, J. R., Campbell, B. T. ve Schoonmaker, J. P. (2019). Effect of essential oils on performance, liver abscesses, carcass characteristics and meat quality in feedlot steers. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 257, 114296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.114296 CR - Reinhardt, C. D. ve Hubbert, M. E. (2015). Control of liver abscesses in feedlot cattle: A review. The Professional Animal Scientist, 31(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.15232/pas.2014-01364 CR - Rezac, D. J., Thomson, D. U., Bartle, S. J., Osterstock, J. B., Prouty, F. L. ve Reinhardt, C. D. (2014). Prevalence, severity, and relationships of lung lesions, liver abnormalities, and rumen health scores measured at slaughter in beef cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 92(6), 2595–2602. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2013-7222 CR - Rivaroli, D. C., Guerrero, A., Velandia Valero, M., Zawadzki, F., Eiras, C. E., Del Mar Campo, M., Sanudo, C., Jorge, A.M. ve Do Prado, I. N. (2016). Effect of essential oils on meat and fat qualities of crossbred young bulls finished in feedlots. Meat Science, 121, 278–284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.06.017 CR - Dos Santos Rodrigues, J. B., de Carvalho, R. J., de Souza, N. T., de Sousa Oliveira, K., Franco, O. L., Schaffner, D., De Souza, E. L. ve Magnani, M. (2017). Effects of oregano essential oil and carvacrol on biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus from food-contact surfaces. Food Control, 73, 1237–1246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.10.043 CR - Rowe, L. J., Maddock, K. R., Lonergan, S. M. ve Huff-Lonergan, E. (2004). Oxidative environments decrease tenderization of beef steaks through inactivation of μ-calpain. Journal of Animal Science, 82(11), 3254–3266. https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.82113254x CR - Russell, J. B. ve Houlihan, A. J. (2003). Ionophore resistance of ruminal bacteria and its potential impact on human health. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 27(1), 65–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-6445(03)00019-6 CR - Sabuncular, G., Akbulut, G., Yaman, M. (2021). Ette Lipit Oksidasyonu ve Etkileyen Faktörler. Avrupa Bilim ve Teknoloji Dergisi, (27), 362-369. https://doi.org/10.31590/ejosat.924905) CR - Samii, S. S., Wallace, N., Nagaraja, T. G., Engstrom, M. A., Miesner, M. D., Armendariz, C. K. ve Titgemeyer, E. C. (2016). Effects of limonene on ruminal Fusobacterium necrophorum concentrations, fermentation, and lysine degradation in cattle. Journal of Animal Science, 94(8), 3420–3430. https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2016-0455 CR - Sharma, H., Mendiratta, S. K., Agrawal, R. K., Gurunathan, K., Kumar, S. ve Singh, T. P. (2017). Use of various essential oils as bio preservatives and their effect on the quality of vacuum packaged fresh chicken sausages under frozen conditions. LWT - Food Science and Technology, 81, 118–127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lwt.2017.03.048 CR - Sharma, H., Mendiratta, S. K., Agarwal, R. K., Kumar, S. ve Soni, A. (2017). Evaluation of anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity of various essential oils in fresh chicken sausages. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 54(2), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13197-016-2461-z CR - Valero, M. V., Do Prado, R. M., Zawadzki, F., Eiras, C. E., Madrona, G. S., Do Prado, I. N. (2014). Propolis and essential oils additives in the diets improved animal performance and feed efficiency of bulls finished in feedlot. Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences, 36(4), 419–426. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v36i4.23856 CR - Van Haute, S., Raes, K., Van der Meeren, P. ve Sampers, I. (2016). The effect of cinnamon, oregano and thyme essential oils in marinade on the microbial shelf life of fish and meat products. Food Control, 68, 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.03.025 CR - Van Houten, B., Woshner, V. ve Santos, J. H. (2006). Role of mitochondrial DNA in toxic responses to oxidative stress. DNA Repair, 5(2), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.03.002 CR - Verspohl, E. J., Bauer, K. ve Neddermann, E. (2005). Antidiabetic effect of Cinnamomum cassia and Cinnamomum zeylanicum In vivo and In vitro. Phytotherapy Research, 19(3), 203–206. https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1643 CR - Vital, A. C. P., Guerrero, A., Kempinski, E. M. B. C., Monteschio, J. de O., Sary, C., Ramos, T. R., Del Mar Campo, M. ve Do Prado, I. N. (2018). Consumer profile and acceptability of cooked beef steaks with edible and active coating containing oregano and rosemary essential oils. Meat Science, 143, 153–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2018.04.035 CR - Vital, A. C. P., Croge, C., Gomes-da-Costa, S. M. ve Matumoto-Pintro, P. T. (2017). Effect of addition of Agaricus blazei mushroom residue to milk enriched with Omega-3 on the prevention of lipid oxidation and bioavailability of bioactive compounds after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. International Journal of Food Science & Technology, 52(6), 1483–1490. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijfs.13413 CR - Vital, A. C. P., Guerrero, A., Monteschio, J. de O., Valero, M. V., Carvalho, C. B., De Abreu Filho, B. A., Madrona, G. S. ve Do Prado, I. N. (2016). Effect of Edible and Active Coating (with Rosemary and Oregano Essential Oils) on Beef Characteristics and Consumer Acceptability. Plos One, 11(8), e0160535. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0160535 UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/aeskd/article/1420708 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3663823 ER -