@article{article_1425521, title={Determination of the Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Smoking Individuals with Periodontitis}, journal={Istanbul Kent University Journal of Health Sciences}, volume={3}, pages={30–38}, year={2024}, url={https://izlik.org/JA35HK62NF}, author={Kasnak, Gökhan and Cantürk Ural, Emre and Karagülle, Liubov and Basegmez, Ayse Cansu}, keywords={İnterlökin, Diş eti oluğu sıvısı, Plazma, Serum, Periodontitis, Nikotin}, abstract={Periodontitis, a chronic condition impacting the supportive tissues of teeth, manifests when the host’s immune response becomes imbalanced with periodontal pathogens. Smoking emerges as a significant risk factor in both initiation and progression of periodontitis. During inflammatory process, a conspicuous upregulation of both proinflammatory and regulatory cytokines is unavoidable. Resolution of inflammation holds significance in the context of periodontitis, predominantly orchestrated by immune cells generating interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10. Objective of this study was to evaluate the local and systemic involvement of IL-4 and -10 in individuals with severe periodontitis who are smokers. Fifty individuals with Stage III Grade C periodontitis were recruited, comprising both smokers and non-smokers, along with an additional fifty periodontally healthy individuals who were divided into smoking and non-smoking categories. Comprehensive periodontal indices were documented for all participants, and both venous blood and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were obtained for cytokine level analysis. Levels of IL-4 and -10 in GCF and serum samples were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. Statistical evaluation involved the use of Mann-Whitney U, Student-t, and Chi-square tests. In our investigation, all periodontal indices among individuals with periodontitis exhibited a statistically significant elevation compared to those of their healthy counterparts (p <0.05). Levels of IL-4 and -10 in the GCF of non-smoking and smoking individuals with periodontitis were notably lower than those in the GCF of healthy individuals (p <0.05). Smoking individuals with periodontitis had the lowest GCF IL-4 levels than other groups (p <0.05). Serum concentrations of IL-4 and -10 in periodontitis patients who were smoking exhibited a reduction compared to all other groups (p <0.05). It can be inferred that the onset and advancement of periodontal inflammation might be attributed to a deficiency or inadequate response to anti-inflammatory. Smoking could potentially act as a co-suppressor for IL-4 and -10.}, number={1}, organization={İstanbul Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi}