TY  - JOUR
T1  - Türkiye’de Kadınların Askerlik Yapmalarına Yönelik Toplumsal Tutumlar
TT  - Social Attitudes towards Women’s Military Service in Turkiye
AU  - Akal, Mustafa Yücehan
AU  - Ateş, Barış
AU  - Cergibozan, Raif
AU  - Kırtıl, Melek
AU  - Başpınar, Adem
PY  - 2023
DA  - December
DO  - 10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097
JF  - İstanbul University Journal of Sociology
PB  - İstanbul Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2667-6931
SP  - 223
EP  - 257
VL  - 43
IS  - 2
LA  - tr
AB  - Kadınların orduya kabulünü etkileyen faktörler sosyal, kültürel, askeri, uluslararası ve siyasi boyutlar altında incelenmektedir. Ancak Türkiye’de yapılan çalışmalar daha ziyade kurum içi uygulamalara odaklanmaktadır. Ayrıca savaşlarda kahramanlık göstermiş kadın figürler üzerinden tarihsel bir anlatı da ön plana çıkarılmıştır. Bu makale kadın askerlerin istihdamında kültürel boyut altında yer alan toplumsal tutumları ölçmeyi amaçlamaktadır. 382 kişiyle yapılan betimsel anketten elde edilen veriler; frekans dağılımları, istatistiksel çıkarsamalar ve ki-kare testi yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Türk toplumunda kadınların silahlı kuvvetlere alınması (%79,9) desteklenmektedir. Bu desteğin kadınlar arasında daha yüksek olduğu yine aynı şekilde kendisi veya ailesinde asker olmayanların, kadınların orduya kabulünü askerlik tecrübesi olanlara göre daha yüksek oranda desteklediği görülmektedir. Ayrıca muharip görevler konusunda çelişkili sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak toplumun kadınları muharip sınıflarda da görmek istediği ancak bu konuda genel bir bilgi eksikliği olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
KW  - Kadın askerler
KW  - Toplumsal tutum
KW  - Türk Silahlı Kuvvetleri
KW  - Muharip görev
N2  - The factors affecting the acceptance of women in the military have been analyzed under social, cultural, military, international, and political dimensions. However, studies conducted in Türkiye have focused more on internal practices. In addition, a historical narrative has also been emphasized through the female figures who have shown heroism in wars. This article aims to measure social attitudes under the cultural dimension regarding the enlistment of female soldiers. Data obtained from a descriptive survey of 382 respondents were analyzed using frequency distributions, statistical inferences, and the chi-square test. According to the findings, 79.9% of Turkish society supports the recruitment of women into the armed forces. This support is higher among women. Similarly, those with no military experience themselves or in their families support women’s enlistment in the army at a higher rate than those with military experience. In addition, contradictory results were obtained regarding combat missions. In conclusion, Turkish society is considered to want to see women in combat classes, but a general lack of information exists with regard to this issue.
CR  - Akgül, Ç. (2010). Cinsiyet ve militarizm (Yüksek lisans tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
CR  - Alptekin, H. (1954). Milli savunma hizmetinde kadın. E.U Basımevi. google scholar
CR  - Altınay, A. G. (2000). Ordu-millet-kadınlar: Dünyanın ilk kadın savaş pilotu Sabiha Gökçen. A. G. Altınay (Ed.), Vatan millet kadınlar içinde (s. 246-279). İletişim Yayıncılık. google scholar
CR  - Ateş, B. (2022). Askerî sosyoloji: Ordu ve toplum araştırmaları. Selenge Yayınları. google scholar
CR  - Ben-Ari, E., Lerer, Z., Ben-Shalom, U., & Vainer, A. (2010). Rethinking contemporary warfare: A sociological view of the second Al-Aqsa Intifada. State University of New York Press. google scholar
CR  - Binkin, M., & Bach, S. (1977). Women and the military. The Brookings Institution. google scholar
CR  - Brock, J., Dickey, J. W., Harker, R. J. W., & Lewis, C. M. (Eds.). (2015). Beyond Rosie: A documentary history of women and World War II. University of Arkansas Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j. ctt1ffjfg8 google scholar
CR  - Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, Ö., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2008). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem. google scholar
CR  - Campbell, D. A. (1990). Servicewomen of World War II. Armed Forces & Society, 16(2), 251-270. google scholar
CR  - Carreiras, H. (2004). Gender and the military: A comparative study on the participation of women in the armed forces of Western democracies (Doctoral dissertation, Florence: European Research Institute). google scholar
CR  - Carreiras, H. (2006). Gender and the military: Women in the armed forces of western democracies. Routledge. google scholar
CR  - Carreiras, H. (2008). From loyalty to dissent: How military women respond to integration dilemmas. In H. Carreiras & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Women in the military and in armed conflict (pp. 161-181). Springer. google scholar
CR  - Cohn, C. (1993). Wars, wimps, and women: Talking gender and thinking war. In M. Cooke & A. Woollacott (Eds.), Gendering war talk (pp. 227-246). Princeton University Press. google scholar
CR  - Collins-Dogrul, J., & Ulrich, J. R. (2018). Fighting stereotypes: Public discourse about women in combat. ArmedForces & Society, 44(3), 436-459. google scholar
CR  - Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed). Pearson. google scholar
CR  - Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, D. (2021). Araştırma tasarımı: Nitel, nicel ve karma yöntem yaklaşımları. Nobel google scholar
CR  - Dalaman, Z. B. (2022). Türkiye’de ulus devlet inşa sürecinde (1923-1950) kadın asker ve asker annesi tartışmaları. Belgi Dergisi, 23, 47-71. google scholar
CR  - Dandeker, C. (2003). Women soldiers: Problems and perspectives in the integration of women into the British Army. Revue Francaise De Sociologie, 44(4), 735-758. google scholar
CR  - Durgun, L. (2004). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde kadın subaylar (Yüksek lisans tezi, Kara Harp Okulu, Ankara). google scholar
CR  - Enloe, C. (1988 [1983]). Does kaki become you? The militarization of women’s lives. Pandora Press. google scholar
CR  - Erogul, M. S., Zamantılı Nayır, D., Ozeren, E., & Arslan, A. (2023). Female soldiers maneuvering visibility in the Turkish Armed Forces. Culture and Organization, 1-21. https://openaccess. pirireis.edu.tr/xmlui/handle/20.500.12960/1505 google scholar
CR  - Eulriet, I. (2012). Women and the military in Europe: Comparing public cultures. Springer. google scholar
CR  - Fidan, E. (2023). Türk Silahlı Kuvvetlerinde kadın istihdamının incelenmesi (Yüksek lisans tezi, Milli Savunma Üniversitesi, İstanbul). google scholar
CR  - Gabriel, R. (1980). Women in combat? two views. Army Magazine, 44, 48-50. google scholar
CR  - Goldman, N. L. (Ed.). (1982). Female soldiers: Combatants or non-combatants? Historical and contemporary perspectives. Greenwood Press. google scholar
CR  - Goldstein, J. S. (2006). War and gender: How gender shapes the war system and vice versa. Cambridge University Press. google scholar
CR  - Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri felsefe-yöntem-analiz (5. basım). Seçkin Yayıncılık. google scholar
CR  - Hacker, B. (1981). Women and military institutions in early modern Europe: a reconnaissance. Signs, 6(4), 643-71. google scholar
CR  - Heinecken, L. (2017). Conceptualizing the tensions evoked by gender integration in the military: South African case. Armed Forces & Society, 43, 202-220. google scholar
CR  - Huntington, S. P. (1957). The soldier and thestate: The theory andpolitics of civil-military relations. Harvard University Press. google scholar
CR  - Hürkan, S. (2016). Türkiye’nin ilk kadın subayları. Sinemis Yayın Grup. google scholar
CR  - Iskra, D., Trainor, S., Leithauser, M., & Segal, W. M. (2002). Women’s participation in armed forces cross-nationally: Expanding Segal’s model. Current Sociology, 50(5), 771-797. google scholar
CR  - Janowitz, M. (1971). The professional soldier. Free Press. google scholar
CR  - Karasar, N. (2014). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi (26. basım). Nobel Yayınevi. google scholar
CR  - King, A. (2006). The word of command: Communication and cohesion in the military. Armed Forces & Society, 32(4), 493-512. google scholar
CR  - King, A. (2013). The combat soldier: Infantry tactics and cohesion in the twentieth and twenty- first centuries. Oxford University Press. google scholar
CR  - King, A. C. (2013). The female soldier. The US Army War College Quarterly: Parameters, 43(2). https://doi.org/10.55540/0031-1723.2892 google scholar
CR  - Koeszegi, S. T., Zedlacher, E., & Hudribusch, R. (2014). The war against the female soldier? The effects of masculine culture on workplace aggression. ArmedForces & Society, 40(2), 226-251. google scholar
CR  - Korkmaz, E. (2022). Türk Ordusunda kadının yeri: Tarihi perspektiften bir değerlendirme. Güvenlik Stratejileri Dergisi, 18(43), 655-682. google scholar
CR  - Köprülü, O. F. (1991). Bâciyân-ı Rûm. TDV İslâm Ansiklopedisi içinde (4. Cilt, s. 415). Türkiye Diyanet Vakfı. google scholar
CR  - Kuloğlu, C. (2005). The military in Turkey from a gender perspective (Master’s thesis, Middle East Technical University). https://tez.yok.gov.tr/UlusalTezMerkezi/ google scholar
CR  - Kümmel, G. (2002). When boy meets girl: The feminization of the military. Current Sociology, 50(5), 615-639. google scholar
CR  - Lodico, M. G., Spaulding, D. T., & Voegtle, K. H. (2006). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice. Jossey-Bass. google scholar
CR  - Macdonald, S. (1987). Drawing the lines- gender, peace and war: an introduction. In P. Holden, & S. Ardener (Eds.), Images of women in peace and war (pp. 1-26). MacMillan Education Ltd. google scholar
CR  - Maninger, S. (2008). Women in combat: Reconsidering the case against the deployment of women in combat-support and combat units. In H. Carreiras & G. Kümmel (Eds.), Women in the military and in armed conflict (pp. 9-27). Springer. google scholar
CR  - McSally, M. (2007). Women in combat: Is the current policy obsolete? Duke Journal of Gender Law & Policy, 1011-1060. https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/djglp/vol14/iss2/7 google scholar
CR  - Miller, L. (2001). Feminism and the exclusion of army women from combat. In R. J. Simon (Ed.), Women in the military (pp. 103-133). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351299046 google scholar
CR  - Mitchell, B. (1989). Weak link: The feminization of the American military. Regnery. google scholar
CR  - Moore, B. L. (2017). Introduction to armed forces & society: Special issue on women in the military. Armed Forces & Society, 43(2), 191-201. google scholar
CR  - Moskos, C. (1970). The American enlisted man. Russel-Sage Foundation. google scholar
CR  - Moskos, C. (1977). From institution to occupation: Trends in military organization. Armed Forces and Society, 4(Fall), 41-50. google scholar
CR  - NATO. (2020). Summary of national reports 2020. Author. google scholar
CR  - Nuciari, M. (2018). Participation and change in gendered organisations. Women in the military forces. In G. Caforio (Ed.), Handbook of the sociology of the military (pp. 301-325). Springer. google scholar
CR  - Pew Research Center. (2013). Broad support for combat roles for women. http://www.people-press. org/2013/01/29/broad-support-for-combat-roles-for-women/ google scholar
CR  - Rukavishnikov, V. O., & Pugh, M. (2018). Civil-military relations. In G. Caforio (Ed.), Handbook of the sociology of the military (pp. 123-143). Springer. google scholar
CR  - Sarısaman, S. (1997). Birinci Ordu Birinci Kadın İşçi Taburu. Atatürk Araştırma Merkezi Dergisi, 8, 695-723. google scholar
CR  - Segal, M. W. (1995). Women’s military roles cross-nationally: past, present and future. Genders and Society, 9(6), 757-775. google scholar
CR  - Shils, E. A., & Janowitz, M. (1948). Cohesion and disintegration in the Wehrmacht in World War II. Public Opinion Quarterly, 12(2), 280-315. google scholar
CR  - Snyder, R. C. (2003). The citizen-soldier tradition and gender integration of the US military. Armed Forces & Society, 29(2), 185-204. google scholar
CR  - Soeters, J., Shields, P. M., & Rietjens, S. (Eds.). (2014). Routledge handbook of research methods in military studies. Routledge. google scholar
CR  - Stiehm, J. H. (1989). Arms and the enlisted woman. Temple University Press. google scholar
CR  - Stouffer, S. A., Lumsdaine, A. A. Lumsdaine, M. H., Williams, R. M. Jr., Brewster Smith, M., Janis, I. L., Star, S. A., & Cottrell, L. S. Jr. (1949). The American soldier: combat and its aftermath (Vol. II). Princeton University Press. google scholar
CR  - Stouffer, S. A., Suchman, E. A., Devinney, L. C., Star, S. A., & Williams, R. M. (1949). The American soldier: adjustment during army life (Vol. I). Princeton University Press. google scholar
CR  - Strachan, H. (2006). Training, morale and modern war. Journal of Contemporary History, 41(2), 211-227. google scholar
CR  - SWI. (2022). Drafting women into the army the Norwegian way. https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/ politics/drafting-women-into-the-army-the-norwegian-way/47659994 google scholar
CR  - Şen, S. (1997). Kadının toplumsal konumu ve silahlı kuvvetler. Birikim Yayınları. google scholar
CR  - Torres-Reyna, O., & Shapiro, R. Y. (2002). Trends: Women and sexual orientation in the military. The Public Opinion Quarterly, 66(4), 618-632. google scholar
CR  - van Creveld, M. (2000). Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military. Journal of Strategic Studies, 23(4), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1080/01402390008437809 google scholar
CR  - Van Creveld, M. (2000). Less than we can be: Men, women and the modern military. Journal of Strategic Studies 23(4), 1-20. google scholar
CR  - van Creveld, M. (2001). Men, women and war. Do women belong in the front line? Cassell & Co. google scholar
CR  - Wilcox, C. (1992). Race, gender, and support for women in the military. Social Science Quarterly, 73, 310-323. google scholar
CR  - Winslow, D., & Dunn, J. (2002). Women in the Canadian Forces: Between legal and social integration. Current Sociology, 50(5), 641-667. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392102050005003 Yayınları. google scholar
CR  - YLE. (2022). Record number of women volunteer for military service in 2022. https://yle.fi/a/74-20010932 google scholar
CR  - YouGov. (2013). Time for women on the front lines. https://yougov.co.uk/politics/articles/5899-majority-want-women-frontline-roles google scholar
UR  - https://doi.org/10.26650/SJ.2023.43.2.0097
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3702134
ER  -