TY - JOUR T1 - Does Aerobic Capacity Change According to Position in Football Players? TT - Futbolcularda Aerobik Kapasite Pozisyona Göre Değişir mi? AU - Çelgin, Gürkan Selim AU - Arslanoğlu, Erkal AU - Arslanoğlu, Cansel PY - 2024 DA - July Y2 - 2024 DO - 10.33459/cbubesbd.1483294 JF - CBÜ Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi JO - CBÜ BESBD PB - Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 2149-1046 SP - 339 EP - 349 VL - 19 IS - 2 LA - en AB - Aerobic capacity plays an important role in football as it influences players' physical performance and long-lasting endurance levels. The aim of this study was to investigate the aerobic capacity levels of football players playing in different positions according to the positions they play. The study group consisted of 83 football players in super amateur league. Football players playing in 8 different positions voluntarily participated in the study (goalkeeper: n= 8, defender: n=13, left back: n=9, right back: n=7, midfield: n=24, left winger: n=7, right winger: n=7 striker: n=8). Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test (YYIRT1) was applied to determine the aerobic endurance parameters of the players. One-way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the distance travelled, average speed (km/h) and maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) values. It was determined that there was a significant difference between the test parameters of the players in different playing positions, and this difference was found to be between the left back players, goalkeepers, and stoppers (p<0.05). It was determined that goalkeepers had the lowest average aerobic capacity in the distances travelled by the players by position, while back players and wingers had high aerobic capacity averages. According to these results, we can say that the aerobic capacities of football players vary according to their positions, and the physiological demands of the position played by back players and wingers are effective in the distance travelled and the football players have different aerobic capacities. KW - Football KW - Aerobic endurance KW - Position KW - Yo-Yo test N2 - Futbolda aerobik kapasite, oyuncuların fiziksel performansını ve uzun süren dayanıklılık düzeylerini etkilediği için önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışmada farklı mevkilerde oynayan futbolcuların oynadıkları mevkilere göre aerobik kapasite seviyelerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma grubu, süper amatör ligde mücadele eden 83 futbolcudan oluşmaktadır. Çalışmaya 8 farklı mevkide oynayan futbolcular gönüllü olarak katılmıştır (kaleci: n= 8, defans: n=13, sol bek: n=9, sağ bek: n=7, orta saha: n=24, sol kanat: n=7, sağ kanat: n=7 forvet: n=8). Oyuncuların aerobik dayanıklılık parametrelerini belirlemek için Yo-Yo Aralıklı Toparlanma Testi (YYIRT1) uygulanmıştır. Test kapsamında kat edilen mesafe, ortalama hız (km/s) ve maksimum oksijen alımı (VO2max) değerlerinin karşılaştırılması için tek yönlü ANOVA analizi kullanılmıştır. Farklı oyun pozisyonlarındaki oyuncuların test parametreleri arasındaki anlamlı fark olduğu, bu farkın sol bek oyuncuları ile kaleci ve stoperler arasında olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Oyuncuların mevkisel olarak kat ettikleri mesafelerde en düşük kaleciler yer alırken, bek ve kanat oyuncularının yüksek aerobik kapasite ortalamasına sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlara göre, futbolcuların aerobik kapasitelerinin mevkilere göre değiştiğini, bek ve kanat oyuncularının oynadıkları pozisyonun fizyolojik taleplerinin kat ettikleri mesafede ve futbolcuların farklı aerobik kapasitelere sahip olmasında etkili olduğunu söyleyebiliriz. CR - Akyildiz, Z., Çene, E., Parim, C., Çetin, O., Turan, Ç., Yüksel, Y., Silva, R., Silva, A. F., & Nobari, H. (2022). Classified metabolic power-based measures in professional football players: Comparison between playing positions and match period. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation, 14(1), 146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13102-022-00541-y CR - Altmann, S., Neumann, R., Woll, A., & Härtel, S. (2020). Endurance capacities in professional soccer players: Are performance profiles position specific? Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2, Article 549897. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2020.549897 CR - Aquino, R., Palucci, Vieira, L.H., de Paula Oliveira, L., Cruz Gonçalves, L.G., & Pereira Santiago, P.R. (2018). Relationship between field tests and match running performance in high-level young Brazilian soccer players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 58(3), 256–262. CR - Aşci, A., Köklü, Y., & Alemdaroğlu, U. (2024). Variation in match physical performance in Turkish super league soccer players by position across four seasons. Pamukkale Journal of Sport Sciences, 15(1), 188-202. CR - Bangsbo, J. (2015). Performance in sports–With specific emphasis on the effect of intensified training. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(4), 88–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/sms.12605 CR - Bangsbo, J., Iaia, F.M., & Krustrup, P. (2008). The yo-yo intermittent recovery test a useful tool for evaluation of physical performance in intermittent sports. Sports Medicine, 38(1), 37-51. CR - Bayrakdaroglu, S., Arı E., & Özkamçi, H. (2020). The Examination of yo-yo intermittent recovery test performance of young soccer players at different playing positions. Physical Education of Students, 24(4), 235–241. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2020.0406 CR - Bebek, A. (2020). Isokinetic quadriceps and hamstring muscle strengths of football and futsal players comparison with method, investigation of disability tendencies. Master thesis, Mersin University Institute of Educational Sciences, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Mersin. CR - Bok, D., & Foster, C. (2021). Applicability of field aerobic fitness tests in soccer: Which one to choose. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology, 6(3), Article 69. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6030069 CR - Bicer, B. (2021). Investigation of internal load during yo-yo test in amateur soccer players according to position. Sportive Overview, Journal of Sport and Education Sciences, 8(1), 86-97. CR - Carvalho, H.M., Gonçalves, C.E., Collins, D., & Paes, R.R. (2018). Growth, functional capacities and motivation for achievement and competitiveness in youth basketball: an interdisciplinary approach. Journal of Sports Sciences, 36 (1), 742-748. CR - Carvutto, R., Damasco, C., & De Candia, M. (2021). Non-traditional training in youth soccer players: Effects on agility and on sprint performance. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(4), 1666-1673. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc4.13 CR - Castagna, C., Krustrup, P., & Póvoas, S. (2019). Yo‐Yo intermittent tests are a valid tool for aerobic fitness assessment in recreational football. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 120(1), 137–147. CR - Castagna, C., Impellizzeri, F., Cecchini, E., Rampinini, E., & Barbero-Alvarez, J.C. (2009). Effects of intermittent-endurance fitness on match performance in young male soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(7), 1954-1959. CR - Datson, N., Weston, M., Drust, B., Gregson, W., & Lolli, L. (2023). High-intensity endurance capacity assessment as a tool for talent identification in elite youth female soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38(2), 1-7. CR - Deshak, S., Yeole, U., & Jadhav, N. (2019). Association of inspiratory muscle strength with sports performance in football players. Journal of Medicial Science & Clinical Research, 7(3), 1033-1038. https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i3.177 CR - Dolci, F., H. Hart, N., Kilding, A., Chivers, P., Piggott, B., & Spiteri, T. (2018). Movement economy in soccer: Current data and limitations. Sports, 6(4), Article 124. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports6040124 CR - Gıl, S.M., Abala-Lılı, J., Idaurrazaga-Letona, I., Aduna, B., Lekue, J.A., Santos-Concejero, J., & Granados, C. (2014). Talent identification and selection process of outfield players and goal keepers in a professional soccer club. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1931–1939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.964290 CR - Gil, S.M., Gil, J., Ruiz F., Irazusta, A., & Irazusta J. (2007). Physiological and anthropometric characteristics of young soccer players according to their playing position: Relevance for the selection process. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 21(2), 438–445. CR - Helgerud, J., Engen, L. C., Wısløff U., & Hoff, J. (2001). Aerobic endurance training improves soccer performance. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise, (33)11, 1925–1931. CR - Impellizzeri, F.M., Marcora, S.M., Castagna, C., Reilly, T., Sassi, A., Iaia, F.M. & Rampinini, E. (2006). Physiological and performance effects of generic versus specific aerobic training in soccer players. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 27(6), 483-492. CR - Joo, C.H. (2018). The Effects of short-term detraining and retraining on physical fitness in elite soccer players. PLoS ONE 13(5), Article e0196212. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0196212 CR - Koç, Ö.F. (2021). Investigation of performance parameters of football players according to their positions. Master thesis, Necmettin Erbakan University, Institute of Educational Sciences, Konya. CR - Konrad, A., & Tilp, M. (2018). Muscle and tendon tissue properties of competitive soccer goalkeepers and midfielders. German Journal Exercise & Sport Research, 48, 245–251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12662-018-0510-7 CR - Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Nybo, L., Majgaard, JJ., Nıelsen, JJ., & Bangba, J. (2006). The yo-yo ir2 test: Physiological response, reliability, and application to elite soccer. American College of Sports Medicine, 38(9), 1666-1673. CR - Krustrup, P., Mohr, M., Amstrup, T., Rysgaard, T., Johansen, J., Steensberg, A., Pedersen, P. K., & Bangsbo, J. (2003). The yo-yo intermittent recovery test: Physiological response, reliability, and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports Exercise, 35(4), 697–705. CR - Marques, A.P., Travassos, B., Branquinho, L. & Ferraz, R. (2022). Periods of competitive break in soccer: Implications on individual and collective performance. The Open Sports Sciences Journal, 15, https://doi.org/10.2174/1875399X- v15e2112141 CR - McMillan, K., Helgerud, J., Grant, S.J., Newell, J., Wilson, J., Macdonald, R., & Hoff, J. (2005). Lactate threshold responses to a season of professional British youth soccer. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 39(7), 432–436. CR - Michaelides, M.A., Parpa, K.M., & Zacharia, A.I. (2021). Effects of an 8-week pre-seasonal training on the aerobic fitness of professional soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 35(10), 2783–2789. CR - Michailidis, Y. (2024a). The relationship between aerobic capacity, anthropometric characteristics, and performance in the yo-yo intermittent recovery test among elite young football players: Differences between playing positions. Applied Sciences, 14(8), 3413. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14083413 CR - Michailidis, Y. (2024b). Correlations of aerobic capacity with external and internal load of young football players during small-sided games. Sensors, 24, 2258. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072258 CR - Pérez, A.M., Spyrou, K., & Alcaraz, P. (2024). Match demands of female team sports: a scoping review. Biology of Sport, 41(1), 175–199. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2024.129476 CR - Pivovarniček, P., Pupiš, M., Tonhauserová, Z., & Tokárová, M. (2013). Level of sprint and jump abilities and intermittent endurance of elite young soccer players at different positions. Sportlogia, 9(2), 109–117. CR - Povoas, SC., Castagna, C., da Costa Soares, JM., Silva, P., Coelho-e-Silva, M., Matos, F., & Krustrup, P. (2016). Reliability and construct validity of yo-yo tests in untrained and soccer-trained schoolgirls aged 9-16. Pediatric Exercise Science. 28(2), 321-330. CR - Ramírez-Campillo, R., Vergara-Pedreros, M., Henríquez-Olguín, C., Martínez-Salazar, C., Alvarez, C., Nakamura, F.Y., De La Fuente, C.I., Caniuqueo, A., Alonso-Martinez, A.M., & Izquierdo, M. (2016). Effects of plyometric training on maximal-intensity exercise and endurance in male and female soccer players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(8), 687-693. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1068439 CR - Rebelo, A., Brito, J., Maia, J., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Figueiredo, A. J., Bangsbo, J., Malina, R.M., & Seabra, A. (2013). Anthropometric characteristics, physical fitness and technical performance of under-19 soccer players by competitive level and field position. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 34(04), 312-317. CR - Ružbarský, P., Vadašová, B., Eliaš, T., Čech, P., & Jančošek, M. (2017). Aerobic fitness of 17-year-old soccer players throughout theannual training cycle according to their playing position. Gymnasium Scientific Journal of Education, Sports, and Health, 18(2), 156-164. https://doi.org/10.29081/gsjesh.2017.18.2.12 CR - Stolen, T., Chamari, K., Castagna, C., & Wisløff, U. (2005). Physiology of soccer: An Update. Sports Medicine, 35(6), 501- 536. CR - Wong, PL., Chamari, K., Dellal, A., & Wisløff, U. (2009). Relationship between anthropometric and physiological characteristics in youth soccer players. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1204-1210. CR - Yapıcı, A., Aydın, E., Çelik, E., & Başkaya, G. (2016). Comparison of motoric characteristics according to positions in young soccer players. Sportive Overview Journal of Sport and Education Sciences, 3(1), 49-60. CR - Zhou, C., Gómez, M.-Á., & Lorenzo, A. (2020). The Evolution of physical and technical performance parameters in the Chinese Soccer Super League. Biology Sport, 37(2), 139–145. UR - https://doi.org/10.33459/cbubesbd.1483294 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3926908 ER -