TY  - JOUR
T1  - Emotion Regulation in Clinical Populations: Mechanisms, Challenges, and Therapeutic Interventions
TT  - Klinik Popülasyonlarda Duygu Düzenleme: Mekanizmalar, Zorluklar ve Terapötik Müdahaleler
AU  - Yılmazer, Eda
PY  - 2025
DA  - May
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.30613/curesosc.1496942
JF  - Current Research in Social Sciences
JO  - Curr Res Soc Sci
PB  - Beste TÜRKOĞLU
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-1488
SP  - 1
EP  - 38
VL  - 11
IS  - 1
LA  - en
AB  - Emotion regulation is a fundamental aspect of psychological well-being, involving processes through which individuals manage and respond to their emotional experiences. This review explores the mechanisms of emotion regulation, the challenges faced by clinical populations, and therapeutic interventions designed to enhance regulation skills. Theoretical models, such as Gross's Process Model and Emotion Regulation Theory, provide insights into cognitive and situational factors influencing regulation. Neurobiological research highlights the roles of brain regions like the prefrontal cortex and amygdala, and neurotransmitters such as serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Assessment methods range from self-report questionnaires to behavioral tasks and physiological measures, with innovative approaches like Ecological Momentary Assessment offering real-world insights. Adaptive strategies, including cognitive reappraisal, are linked to improved emotional outcomes, while maladaptive strategies, such as suppression, exacerbate distress. Emotion dysregulation manifests uniquely across disorders, including anxiety, depression, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, Bipolar Personality Disorder, and substance use disorders, necessitating tailored treatments. Effective therapies such as Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, and mindfulness-based interventions are discussed. These interventions have demonstrated efficacy in enhancing emotional regulation across various clinical populations, equipping individuals with skills necessary to manage their emotions more effectively. Despite progress, challenges remain in the accurate assessment and cultural adaptation of treatments. Future research should focus on long-term outcomes and integrating technology to enhance interventions, ultimately aiming to improve emotion regulation and mental health outcomes. This comprehensive approach is essential for addressing the complexity of emotion dysregulation and improving psychological well-being.
KW  - Emotion Regulation
KW  - Psychological Disorders
KW  - Therapeutic Interventions
KW  - Neurobiological Mechanisms
N2  - Duygu düzenleme, bireylerin duygusal deneyimlerini yönetme ve bunlara yanıt verme süreçlerini içeren psikolojik iyi oluşun temel bir bileşenidir. Bu derleme, duygu düzenlemenin mekanizmalarını, klinik popülasyonların karşılaştığı zorlukları ve düzenleme becerilerini geliştirmek için tasarlanan terapötik müdahaleleri incelemektedir. Gross'un Süreç Modeli ve Duygu Düzenleme Teorisi gibi teorik modeller, duygu düzenlemeyi etkileyen bilişsel ve durumsal faktörler hakkında içgörüler sunmaktadır. Nörobiyolojik araştırmalar, prefrontal korteks ve amigdala gibi beyin bölgelerinin ve serotonin, dopamin ve norepinefrin gibi nörotransmiterlerin rollerini vurgulamaktadır. Değerlendirme yöntemleri, öz-bildirim anketlerinden davranışsal görevler ve fizyolojik ölçümlere kadar uzanmakta olup, Ekolojik Anlık Değerlendirme gibi yenilikçi yaklaşımlar gerçek dünya içgörüleri sunabilmektedir. Bilişsel yeniden değerlendirme gibi uyumlu stratejiler, duygusal sonuçları iyileştirirken baskılama gibi uyumsuz stratejiler stresi artırmaktadır. Duygu düzenleme güçlüğü, anksiyete, depresyon, travma sonrası stres bozukluğu, bipolar kişilik bozukluğu ve madde kullanımı bozuklukları gibi çeşitli rahatsızlıklarda benzersiz şekilde ortaya çıkabilmekte ve kişiye özel tedaviler gerektirebilmektedir. Diyalektik Davranış Terapisi, Kabul ve Kararlılık Terapisi, Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi ve farkındalık temelli müdahaleler etkili terapiler olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bu müdahaleler, çeşitli klinik popülasyonlarda duygu düzenlemeyi geliştirmede etkinlik göstermiş, bireylerin duygularını daha etkili yönetmeleri için gerekli becerilerle donatabilmektedir. İlerleme kaydedilmesine rağmen, duygu düzenlemenin doğru değerlendirilmesi ve tedavilerin kültürel uyarlanması konularında zorluklar devam etmektedir. Gelecek araştırmaların, uzun vadeli sonuçları ve müdahaleleri geliştirmek için teknolojinin entegrasyonuna odaklanabileceği tavsiye edilebilir, nihayetinde duygu düzenlemeyi ve ruh sağlığı sonuçlarını iyileştirmek asıl amaçtır. Bu kapsamlı yaklaşım, duygusal düzensizliklerin karmaşıklığını ele almak ve psikolojik iyi oluşu artırmak için etkili bir strateji olarak değerlendirilebilir.
CR  - Acevedo, N., Bosanac, P., Pikoos, T., Rossell, S., & Castle, D. (2021). Therapeutic neurostimulation in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders: a systematic review. Brain sciences, 11(7), 948. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070948
CR  - Aldao, A. (2013). The future of emotion regulation research: Capturing context. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(2), 155-172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691612459518
CR  - Aldao, A., Nolen-Hoeksema, S., & Schweizer, S. (2010). Emotion-regulation strategies across psychopathology: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(2), 217-237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.11.004
CR  - Alexander, L., Wood, C. M., & Roberts, A. C. (2023). The ventromedial prefrontal cortex and emotion regulation: lost in translation?. The Journal of Physiology, 601(1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP282627
CR  - Alexandra Kredlow, M., Fenster, R. J., Laurent, E. S., Ressler, K. J., & Phelps, E. A. (2022). Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01155-7
CR  - Altamura, A. C., Lietti, L., Dobrea, C., Benatti, B., Arici, C., & Dell’Osso, B. (2011). Mood stabilizers for patients with bipolar disorder: the state of the art. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics, 11(1), 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1586/ern.10.181
CR  - Azizi, S. A. (2022). Monoamines: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, beyond modulation,“switches” that alter the state of target networks. The Neuroscientist, 28(2), 121-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/1073858420974336
CR  - Baer, R. A., & Krietemeyer, J. (2006). Overview of mindfulness-and acceptance-based treatment approaches. In R. A. Baer (Ed.), Mindfulness-based treatment approaches: Clinician's guide to evidence base and applications (pp. 3–27). Elsevier Academic Press.
CR  - Beck, J. S. (2020). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Publications.
CR  - Bell, L. (2004). Managing intense emotions and overcoming self-destructive habits: A self-help manual. Routledge.
CR  - Benita, M. (2020). Freedom to feel: A self‐determination theory account of emotion regulation. Social And Personality Psychology Compass, 14(11), e12563. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12563
CR  - Berboth, S., & Morawetz, C. (2021). Amygdala-prefrontal connectivity during emotion regulation: A meta-analysis of psychophysiological interactions. Neuropsychologia, 153, 107767. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2021.107767
CR  - Berking, M., Wupperman, P., Reichardt, A., Pejic, T., Dippel, A., & Znoj, H. (2008). Emotion-regulation skills as a treatment target in psychotherapy. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(11), 1230-1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.08.005
CR  - Bertini, C., & Làdavas, E. (2021). Fear-related signals are prioritised in visual, somatosensory and spatial systems. Neuropsychologia, 150, 107698. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107698
CR  - Bettis, A. H., Burke, T. A., Nesi, J., & Liu, R. T. (2022). Digital technologies for emotion-regulation assessment and intervention: a conceptual review. Clinical Psychological Science, 10(1), 3-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/21677026211011982
CR  - Blanke, E. S., Neubauer, A. B., Houben, M., Erbas, Y., & Brose, A. (2022). Why do my thoughts feel so bad? Getting at the reciprocal effects of rumination and negative affect using dynamic structural equation modeling. Emotion, 22(8), 1773. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000946
CR  - Bodrogi, B., Bereczkei, T., & Deak, A. (2022). Be aware, make it clear, and take the lead: Emotion regulation difficulties and emotional intelligence as moderators of cognitive reappraisal. Current Psychology, 41(10), 6795-6807. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01182-5
CR  - Boswell, J. F. (2013). Intervention strategies and clinical process in transdiagnostic cognitive–behavioral therapy. Psychotherapy, 50(3), 381. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032157
CR  - Brown, V. M., Price, R., & Dombrovski, A. Y. (2023). Anxiety as a disorder of uncertainty: Implications for understanding maladaptive anxiety, anxious avoidance, and exposure therapy. Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience, 23(3), 844-868. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13415-023-01080-w
CR  - Butler, E. A., Egloff, B., Wlhelm, F. H., Smith, N. C., Erickson, E. A., & Gross, J. J. (2003). The social consequences of expressive suppression. Emotion, 3(1), 48. https://doi.org/10.1037/1528-3542.3.1.48
CR  - Cavicchioli, M., Scalabrini, A., Northoff, G., Mucci, C., Ogliari, A., & Maffei, C. (2021). Dissociation and emotion regulation strategies: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 143, 370-387. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.011
CR  - Chang, M. L. (2020, June). Emotion display rules, emotion regulation, and teacher burnout. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 5, p. 90). Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2020.00090
CR  - Chapman, A. L. (2006). Dialectical behavior therapy: Current indications and unique elements. Psychiatry (Edgmont), 3(9), 62.
CR  - Charles, R. L., & Nixon, J. (2019). Measuring mental workload using physiological measures: A systematic review. Applied Ergonomics, 74, 221-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2018.08.028
CR  - Chiesa, A., & Serretti, A. (2014). Are mindfulness-based interventions effective for substance use disorders? A systematic review of the evidence. Substance Use & Misuse, 49(5), 492-512. https://doi.org/10.3109/10826084.2013.770027
CR  - Clarke, P. B., Lewis, T. F., Myers, J. E., Henson, R. A., & Hill, B. (2020). Wellness, emotion regulation, and relapse during substance use disorder treatment. Journal of Counseling & Development, 98(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12296
CR  - Colombo, D., Díaz‐García, A., Fernandez‐Álvarez, J., & Botella, C. (2021). Virtual reality for the enhancement of emotion regulation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 28(3), 519-537. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2618
CR  - Cornes, J. (2023). Dynamic changes in heart rate variability under threat: Exploring the effects of emotion regulation on the parasympathetic nervous system (Doctoral dissertation). Open Access Te Herenga Waka-Victoria University of Wellington.
CR  - Craske, M. G., Antony, M. M., & Barlow, D. H. (2006). Mastering your fears and phobias. Oxford University Press.
CR  - Daffre, C., Oliver, K. I., & Pace-Schott, E. F. (2020). Neurocircuitry of anxiety disorders. In: Bui, E., Charney, M., Baker, A. (Eds.) Clinical Handbook of Anxiety Disorders. Current Clinical Psychiatry. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30687-8_2
CR  - Dan-Glauser, E. S., & Scherer, K. R. (2012). The difficulties in emotion regulation scale (DERS). Swiss Journal of Psychology, 72(1). https://doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000093
CR  - Darharaj, M., Hekmati, I., Mohammad Ghezel Ayagh, F., Ahmadi, A., Eskin, M., & Abdollahpour Ranjbar, H. (2023). Emotional dysregulation and craving in patients with substance use disorder: The mediating role of psychological distress. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-023-01031-z
CR  - David, O. A., Magurean, S., & Tomoiagă, C. (2022). do improvements in therapeutic game-based skills transfer to real life improvements in children's emotion-regulation abilities and mental health? A pilot study that offers preliminary validity of the REThink in-game performance scoring. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 13, 828481. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828481
CR  - de Klerk‐Sluis, J. M., Huijbers, M. J., Löcke, S., Spijker, J., Spinhoven, P., Speckens, A. E., & Ruhe, H. G. (2022). Factors associated with relapse and recurrence of major depressive disorder in patients starting mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy. Depression and anxiety, 39(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.23220
CR  - de la Mora, M. P., Hernandez-Mondragon, C., Crespo-Ramirez, M., Rejon-Orantes, J., Borroto-Escuela, D. O., & Fuxe, K. (2020). Conventional and novel pharmacological approaches to treat dopamine-related disorders: Focus on Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia. Neuroscience, 439, 301-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.026
CR  - De la Peña-Arteaga, V., Berruga-Sánchez, M., Steward, T., Martínez-Zalacaín, I., Goldberg, X., Wainsztein, A., ... & Soriano-Mas, C. (2021). An fMRI study of cognitive reappraisal in major depressive disorder and borderline personality disorder. European Psychiatry, 64(1), e56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.07.026
CR  - Deckert, M., Schmoeger, M., Auff, E., & Willinger, U. (2020). Subjective emotional arousal: An explorative study on the role of gender, age, intensity, emotion regulation difficulties, depression and anxiety symptoms, and meta-emotion. Psychological Research, 84, 1857-1876. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-019-01197-z
CR  - DiGirolamo, M. A., Kibrislioglu Uysal, N., McCall, E. C., & Isaacowitz, D. M. (2023). Attention-focused emotion regulation in everyday life in adulthood and old age. Emotion, 23(3), 633. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001158
Dimidjian, S., & Linehan, M. M. (2008). 40 mindfulness practice. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 327.
CR  - Dixon, M. L., & Dweck, C. S. (2022). The amygdala and the prefrontal cortex: The co-construction of intelligent decision-making. Psychological Review, 129(6), 1414. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000339
CR  - Dong, J., Xiao, T., Xu, Q., Liang, F., Gu, S., Wang, F., & Huang, J. H. (2022). Anxious personality traits: Perspectives from basic emotions and neurotransmitters. Brain Sciences, 12(9), 1141. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12091141
CR  - Eadeh, H. M., Breaux, R., & Nikolas, M. A. (2021). A meta-analytic review of emotion regulation focused psychosocial interventions for adolescents. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 24(4), 684-706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-021-00362-4
CR  - Ebner-Priemer, U. W., & Trull, T. J. (2009). Ecological momentary assessment of mood disorders and mood dysregulation. Psychological Assessment, 21(4), 463. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0017075
CR  - Emmelkamp, P. M., David, D., Beckers, T., Muris, P., Cuijpers, P., Lutz, W., ... & Vervliet, B. (2014). Advancing psychotherapy and evidence‐based psychological interventions. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 23(S1), 58-91. https://doi.org/10.1002/mpr.1411
CR  - Ferreira, M., Martinsone, B., & Talić, S. (2020). Promoting sustainable social emotional learning at school through relationship-centered learning environment, teaching methods and formative assessment. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 22(1), 21-36. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2020-0003
CR  - Fertuck, E. A., Fischer, S., & Beeney, J. (2018). Social cognition and borderline personality disorder: Splitting and trust impairment findings. Psychiatric Clinics, 41(4), 613-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2018.07.003
CR  - Figner, B., & Murphy, R. O. (2011). Using skin conductance in judgment and decision making research. A handbook of process tracing methods for decision research, (pp. 163-184).
CR  - Fitzpatrick, S., Varma, S., & Kuo, J. R. (2022). Is borderline personality disorder really an emotion dysregulation disorder and, if so, how? A comprehensive experimental paradigm. Psychological Medicine, 52(12), 2319-2331. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291720004225
CR  - Flaxman, P. E., Bond, F. W., & Livheim, F. (2013). The mindful and effective employee: An acceptance and commitment therapy training manual for improving well-being and performance. New Harbinger Publications.
CR  - Fomina, T., Burmistrova-Savenkova, A., & Morosanova, V. (2020). Self-regulation and psychological well-being in early adolescence: A two-wave longitudinal study. Behavioral Sciences, 10(3), 67. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs10030067
CR  - Friedman, N. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2022). The role of prefrontal cortex in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 72-89. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01132-0
CR  - Frisch, J. U., Häusser, J. A., & Mojzisch, A. (2015). The Trier Social Stress Test as a paradigm to study how people respond to threat in social interactions. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, 124782. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00014
CR  - Fruzzetti, A. E., Crook, W., Erikson, K. M., Lee, J. E., & Worrall, J. M. (2009). 28 EMOTION REGULATION. General principles and empirically supported techniques of cognitive behavior therapy, 272.
CR  - Garke, M. Å., Isacsson, N. H., Sörman, K., Bjureberg, J., Hellner, C., Gratz, K. L., ... & Jayaram-Lindström, N. (2021). Emotion dysregulation across levels of substance use. Psychiatry Research, 296, 113662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113662
CR  - Garland, E. L., Bell, S., Atchley, R., & Froeliger, B. (2020). Emotion dysregulation in addiction. In The Oxford handbook of emotion dysregulation (pp. 313-326). Oxford University Press, New York.
CR  - Garland, E. L., Farb, N. A., R. Goldin, P., & Fredrickson, B. L. (2015). Mindfulness broadens awareness and builds eudaimonic meaning: A process model of mindful positive emotion regulation. Psychological inquiry, 26(4), 293-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2015.1064294
CR  - Giotakos, O. (2020). Neurobiology of emotional trauma. Psychiatriki, 31(2), 162-171.
CR  - Goldenberg, I., Matheson, K., & Mantler, J. (2006). The assessment of emotional intelligence: A comparison of performance-based and self-report methodologies. Journal of personality assessment, 86(1), 33-45. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa8601_05
CR  - Goldin, P. R., Thurston, M., Allende, S., Moodie, C., Dixon, M. L., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2021). Evaluation of cognitive behavioral therapy vs mindfulness meditation in brain changes during reappraisal and acceptance among patients with social anxiety disorder: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 78(10), 1134-1142. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2021.1862
CR  - Goldin, P. R., Ziv, M., Jazaieri, H., Hahn, K., Heimberg, R., & Gross, J. J. (2013). Impact of cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder on the neural dynamics of cognitive reappraisal of negative self-beliefs: randomized clinical trial. JAMA psychiatry, 70(10), 1048-1056. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.234
CR  - Googhari, Z. S., Hafezi, F., Asgari, P., & Heidari, A. (2022). The effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy on medical science students’ subjective well-being, psychological distress, and emotion regulation. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, 24(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.34172/jsums.2022.07
CR  - Grecucci, A., Pappaianni, E., Siugzdaite, R., Theuninck, A., & Job, R. (2015). Mindful emotion regulation: Exploring the neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness. BioMed Research International, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/670724
CR  - Greenier, V., Derakhshan, A., & Fathi, J. (2021). Emotion regulation and psychological well-being in teacher work engagement: a case of British and Iranian English language teachers. System, 97, 102446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2020.102446
CR  - Greimel, K. V., & Kröner-Herwig, B. (2011). Cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT). Textbook of Tinnitus, 557-561. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-145-5_71
CR  - Grill, F., Johansson, J., Axelsson, J., Brynolfsson, P., Nyberg, L., & Rieckmann, A. (2021). Dissecting motor and cognitive component processes of a finger-tapping task with hybrid dopamine positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 15, 733091. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2021.733091
CR  - Gross, J. J. (2024). Conceptual foundations of emotion regulation. In J. J. Gross & B. Q. Ford (Eds.), Handbook of emotion regulation (3rd ed., pp. 3–12). The Guilford Press.
CR  - Gross, J. J., & Levenson, R. W. (1993). Emotional suppression: physiology, self-report, and expressive behavior. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 970. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.970
CR  - Hagger, M. S., Rebar, A. L., Mullan, B., Lipp, O. V., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. (2015). The subjective experience of habit captured by self-report indexes may lead to inaccuracies in the measurement of habitual action. Health Psychology Review, 9(3), 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2014.959728
CR  - Hallion, L. S., Steinman, S. A., Tolin, D. F., & Diefenbach, G. J. (2018). Psychometric properties of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and its short forms in adults with emotional disorders. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00539
CR  - Harmon-Jones, E., Gable, P. A., & Peterson, C. K. (2010). The role of asymmetric frontal cortical activity in emotion-related phenomena: A review and update. Biological Psychology, 84(3), 451-462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2009.08.010
CR  - Harms, M. B., Martin, A., & Wallace, G. L. (2010). Facial emotion recognition in autism spectrum disorders: a review of behavioral and neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychology Review, 20, 290-322. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-010-9138-6
CR  - Harris, R. (2019). ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy. New Harbinger Publications.
CR  - Hassa, T., Spiteri, S., Schmidt, R., Merkel, C., & Schoenfeld, M. A. (2021). Increased amygdala activity associated with cognitive reappraisal strategy in functional neurologic disorder. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 613156. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.613156
CR  - Hayes, S. C., & Hofmann, S. G. (2021). “Third‐wave” cognitive and behavioral therapies and the emergence of a process‐based approach to intervention in psychiatry. World Psychiatry, 20(3), 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20884
CR  - Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K. D., & Wilson, K. G. (1999). Acceptance and commitment therapy (Vol. 6). Guilford press.
Hiebel, N., Rabe, M., Maus, K., Peusquens, F., Radbruch, L., & Geiser, F. (2021). Resilience in adult health science revisited—a narrative review synthesis of process-oriented approaches. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 659395. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.659395
CR  - Hope-Bell, J. (2022). Investigating Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), and the Role of Mindfulness, in the Context of Stress Management (Doctoral dissertation, University of the West of England).
CR  - Horenstein, A., & Heimberg, R. G. (2020). Anxiety disorders and healthcare utilization: A systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 81, 101894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2020.101894
CR  - Hu, X., Pan, L., & Li, W. (2021). Meta-analysis on the efficacy of the norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors reboxetine and atomoxetine for the treatment of schizophrenia and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. IRB, 554. https://doi.org/10.17219/acem/155802
CR  - Hughes, D. J., Kratsiotis, I. K., Niven, K., & Holman, D. (2020). Personality traits and emotion regulation: A targeted review and recommendations. Emotion, 20(1), 63. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000644
CR  - İNCE, D. K., & DEMİR, S. (2023). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy: A review. Journal of Gazi University Health Sciences Institute, 5(2), 77-82. https://doi.org/10.59124/guhes.1276584
CR  - Inman, C. S., Bijanki, K. R., Bass, D. I., Gross, R. E., Hamann, S., & Willie, J. T. (2020). Human amygdala stimulation effects on emotion physiology and emotional experience. Neuropsychologia, 145, 106722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.019
CR  - Ishikawa, J., Sakurai, Y., Ishikawa, A., & Mitsushima, D. (2020). Contribution of the prefrontal cortex and basolateral amygdala to behavioral decision-making under reward/punishment conflict. Psychopharmacology, 237, 639-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05398-7
CR  - Kashdan, T. B., & Rottenberg, J. (2010). Psychological flexibility as a fundamental aspect of health. Clinical Psychology Review, 30(7), 865-878. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2010.03.001
CR  - Kim, N., & Kim, M. J. (2021). Altered task-evoked corticolimbic responsivity in generalized anxiety disorder. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(7), 3630. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22073630
CR  - Kirlic, N., Cohen, Z., & Stewart, J. L. (2021). Neurocircuitry of mindfulness-based interventions for substance use prevention and recovery. Current Addiction Reports, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-021-00396-2
CR  - Kirschenbaum, H. (2013). Values clarification in counseling and psychotherapy: Practical strategies for individual and group settings. Oxford University Press.
CR  - Kreisman, J. J., & Straus, H. (2021). I hate you--Don't leave me:: Understanding the borderline personality. Penguin.
CR  - Küpeli Akkol, E., Tatlı Çankaya, I., Şeker Karatoprak, G., Carpar, E., Sobarzo-Sánchez, E., & Capasso, R. (2021). Natural compounds as medical strategies in the prevention and treatment of psychiatric disorders seen in neurological diseases. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 12, 669638. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.669638
CR  - Laumann, T. O., & Snyder, A. Z. (2021). Brain activity is not only for thinking. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 40, 130-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.04.002
CR  - Leahy, R. L., Clark, D. A., & Dozois, D. J. (2022). Cognitive-behavioral theories. Gabbard’s textbook of psychotherapeutic treatments. American Psychiatric Pub., 151.
CR  - Lee, E., Faber, J., & Bowles, K. (2022). A review of trauma specific treatments (tsts) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Clinical Social Work Journal, 50(2), 147-159. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10615-021-00816-w
CR  - Lenzi, F., Cortese, S., Harris, J., & Masi, G. (2018). Pharmacotherapy of emotional dysregulation in adults with ADHD: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 84, 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.08.010
CR  - Levin, R. L., & Rawana, J. S. (2022). Exploring two models of emotion regulation: how strategy use, abilities, and flexibility relate to well-being and mental illness. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 35(6), 623-636. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2021.2018419
CR  - Lincoln, T. M., Schulze, L., & Renneberg, B. (2022). The role of emotion regulation in the characterization, development and treatment of psychopathology. Nature Reviews Psychology, 1(5), 272-286. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44159-022-00040-4
CR  - Linehan, M. M., & Wilks, C. R. (2015). The course and evolution of dialectical behavior therapy. American journal of psychotherapy, 69(2), 97-110. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.97
CR  - Litz, B. T., Litz, B. T., & Gray, M. J. (2002). Emotional numbing in posttraumatic stress disorder: Current and future research directions. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 36(2), 198-204. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01002.x
CR  - Liu, Y., Pan, H., Yang, R., Wang, X., Rao, J., Zhang, X., & Pan, C. (2021). The relationship between test anxiety and emotion regulation: the mediating effect of psychological resilience. Annals of General Psychiatry, 20, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-021-00360-4
CR  - Liu, Z., Lin, R., & Luo, M. (2020). Reward contributions to serotonergic functions. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 43, 141-162. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-093019-112252
CR  - Long, M., Verbeke, W., Ein-Dor, T., & Vrtička, P. (2020). A functional neuro-anatomical model of human attachment (NAMA): Insights from first-and second-person social neuroscience. Cortex, 126, 281-321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2020.01.010
CR  - Menon, V., & D’Esposito, M. (2022). The role of PFC networks in cognitive control and executive function. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01152-w
CR  - Mirkovic, B., Delvenne, V., Robin, M., Pham-Scottez, A., Corcos, M., & Speranza, M. (2021). Borderline personality disorder and adolescent suicide attempt: The mediating role of emotional dysregulation. BMC Psychiatry, 21, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03377-x
CR  - Moltrecht, B., Deighton, J., Patalay, P., & Edbrooke-Childs, J. (2021). Effectiveness of current psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth: a meta-analysis. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 30(6), 829-848. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-020-01498-4
CR  - Muller, C. P., & Cunningham, K. A. (2020). Handbook of the behavioral neurobiology of serotonin. Academic Press.
CR  - Muñoz-Rivas, M., Bellot, A., Montorio, I., Ronzón-Tirado, R., & Redondo, N. (2021). Profiles of emotion regulation and post-traumatic stress severity among female victims of intimate partner violence. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6865. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136865
CR  - Murnane, K. S., Edinoff, A. N., Cornett, E. M., & Kaye, A. D. (2023). Updated perspectives on the neurobiology of substance use disorders using neuroimaging. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 99-111. https://doi.org/10.2147/SAR.S362861
CR  - Murray, E. A., & Fellows, L. K. (2022). Prefrontal cortex interactions with the amygdala in primates. Neuropsychopharmacology, 47(1), 163-179. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41386-021-01128-w
CR  - Nejati, V., Majdi, R., Salehinejad, M. A., & Nitsche, M. A. (2021). The role of dorsolateral and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in the processing of emotional dimensions. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1971. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81454-7
CR  - Nicholson, A. A., Densmore, M., Frewen, P. A., Neufeld, R. W., Théberge, J., Jetly, R., ... & Ros, T. (2023). Homeostatic normalization of alpha brain rhythms within the default-mode network and reduced symptoms in post-traumatic stress disorder following a randomized controlled trial of electroencephalogram neurofeedback. Brain Communications, 5(2), fcad068. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcad068
CR  - Noel, J. M., & Jackson, C. W. (2020). ASHP therapeutic position statement on the use of antipsychotic medications in the treatment of adults with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy, 77(24), 2114-2132. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/zxaa303
CR  - Ogata, N., de Souza Dantas, L. M., & Crowell-Davis, S. L. (2019). Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Veterinary psychopharmacology, 103-128.
CR  - Olderbak, S., Uusberg, A., MacCann, C., Pollak, K. M., & Gross, J. J. (2023). The process model of emotion regulation questionnaire: assessing individual differences in strategy stage and orientation. Assessment, 30(7), 2090-2114. https://doi.org/10.1177/10731911221134601
CR  - Orford, J., Velleman, R., Natera, G., Templeton, L., & Copello, A. (2013). Addiction in the family is a major but neglected contributor to the global burden of adult ill-health. Social Science & Medicine, 78, 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.11.036
CR  - Otsuka, T., Le, H. T., Thein, Z. L., Ihara, H., Sato, F., Nakao, T., & Kohsaka, A. (2022). Deficiency of the circadian clock gene Rev-erbα induces mood disorder-like behaviours and dysregulation of the serotonergic system in mice. Physiology & Behavior, 256, 113960. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113960
CR  - Otto, M. W., McHugh, R. K., & Kantak, K. M. (2010). Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy for anxiety disorders: Medication effects, glucocorticoids, and attenuated treatment outcomes. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 17(2), 91. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.2010.01198.x
CR  - Pace-Schott, E. F., Amole, M. C., Aue, T., Balconi, M., Bylsma, L. M., Critchley, H., ... & VanElzakker, M. B. (2019). Physiological feelings. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 103, 267-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.002
CR  - Park, C. L., Kubzansky, L. D., Chafouleas, S. M., Davidson, R. J., Keltner, D., Parsafar, P., ... & Wang, K. H. (2023). Emotional well-being: What it is and why it matters. Affective Science, 4(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-022-00163-0
CR  - Parisi, A., Roberts, R. L., Hanley, A. W., & Garland, E. L. (2022). Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for addictive behavior, psychiatric distress, and chronic pain: A multilevel meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mindfulness, 13(10), 2396–2412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01964-x
CR  - Paulus, F. W., Ohmann, S., Möhler, E., Plener, P., & Popow, C. (2021). Emotional dysregulation in children and adolescents with psychiatric disorders. A narrative review. Frontiers in psychiatry, 12, 628252. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628252
CR  - Pham, T., Lau, Z. J., Chen, S. A., & Makowski, D. (2021). Heart rate variability in psychology: A review of HRV indices and an analysis tutorial. Sensors, 21(12), 3998. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21123998
CR  - Phillips, K. F. V., & Power, M. J. (2007). A new self‐report measure of emotion regulation in adolescents: The Regulation of Emotions Questionnaire. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 14(2), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.523
CR  - Polizzi, C., Lynn, S. J., & Perry, A. (2020). Stress and coping in the time of COVID-19: Pathways to resilience and recovery. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 17(2), 59. https://doi.org/10.36131/CN20200204
CR  - Pruessner, L., Barnow, S., Holt, D. V., Joormann, J., & Schulze, K. (2020). A cognitive control framework for understanding emotion regulation flexibility. Emotion, 20(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000658
CR  - Reichenberg, L. W., & Seligman, L. (2016). Selecting effective treatments: A comprehensive, systematic guide to treating mental disorders. John Wiley & Sons.
CR  - Ressler, K. J., Berretta, S., Bolshakov, V. Y., Rosso, I. M., Meloni, E. G., Rauch, S. L., & Carlezon Jr, W. A. (2022). Post-traumatic stress disorder: clinical and translational neuroscience from cells to circuits. Nature Reviews Neurology, 18(5), 273-288. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41582-022-00635-8
CR  - Riepenhausen, A., Wackerhagen, C., Reppmann, Z. C., Deter, H. C., Kalisch, R., Veer, I. M., & Walter, H. (2022). Positive cognitive reappraisal in stress resilience, mental health, and well-being: A comprehensive systematic review. Emotion Review, 14(4), 310-331. https://doi.org/10.1177/17540739221114642
CR  - Ritschel, L. A., Lim, N. E., & Stewart, L. M. (2015). Transdiagnostic applications of DBT for adolescents and adults. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 69(2), 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.2015.69.2.111
CR  - Roberts, C., Sahakian, B. J., & Robbins, T. W. (2020). Psychological mechanisms and functions of 5-HT and SSRIs in potential therapeutic change: Lessons from the serotonergic modulation of action selection, learning, affect, and social cognition. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 119, 138-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.09.001
CR  - Rodriguez, L. M., Lee, K. D., Onufrak, J., Dell, J. B., Quist, M., Drake, H. P., & Bryan, J. (2020). Effects of a brief interpersonal conflict cognitive reappraisal intervention on improvements in access to emotion regulation strategies and depressive symptoms in college students. Psychology & Health, 35(10), 1207-1227. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2019.1711090
CR  - Roepke, A. M., & Seligman, M. E. (2016). Depression and prospection. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 23-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12087
CR  - Rompilla Jr, D. B., Hittner, E. F., Stephens, J. E., Mauss, I., & Haase, C. M. (2022). Emotion regulation in the face of loss: How detachment, positive reappraisal, and acceptance shape experiences, physiology, and perceptions in late life. Emotion, 22(7), 1417. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000932
CR  - Roos, L. G., & Bennett, J. M. (2023). Reappraisal and health: How habitual reappraisal and reappraisal ability interact to protect against life stress in young adults. Emotion, 23(5), 1360. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0001154
CR  - Roshdy, A., Karar, A., Kork, S. A., Beyrouthy, T., & Nait-ali, A. (2024). Advancements in EEG emotion recognition: Leveraging multi-modal database integration. Applied Sciences, 14(6), 2487. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062487
CR  - Ross, J. A., & Van Bockstaele, E. J. (2021). The locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system in stress and arousal: unraveling historical, current, and future perspectives. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 601519. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.601519
CR  - Roth, D. A., Eng, W., & Heimberg, R. G. (2002). Cognitive behavior therapy. Encyclopedia of Psychotherapy, 1, 451-458.
CR  - Salehinejad, M. A., Ghanavati, E., Rashid, M. H. A., & Nitsche, M. A. (2021). Hot and cold executive functions in the brain: A prefrontal-cingular network. Brain and Neuroscience Advances, 5, 23982128211007769. https://doi.org/10.1177/23982128211007769
CR  - Salmon, P. G., Sephton, S. E., & Dreeben, S. J. (2011). Mindfulness‐based stress reduction. Acceptance and mindfulness in cognitive behavior therapy: Understanding and applying the new therapies, 132-163. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118001851.ch6
CR  - Sander, D., & Nummenmaa, L. (2021). Reward and emotion: an affective neuroscience approach. Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences, 39, 161-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2021.03.016
CR  - Santorelli, S. F., Kabat-Zinn, J., Blacker, M., Meleo-Meyer, F., & Koerbel, L. (2017). Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) authorized curriculum guide. Center for mindfulness in medicine, health care, and society (CFM). University of Massachusetts Medical School.
CR  - Schaich, A., Braakmann, D., Rogg, M., Meine, C., Ambrosch, J., Assmann, N., ... & Fassbinder, E. (2021). How do patients with borderline personality disorder experience distress tolerance skills in the context of dialectical behavioral therapy?—A qualitative study. Plos one, 16(6), e0252403. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252403
CR  - Segal, Z., Williams, M., & Teasdale, J. (2018). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for depression. Guilford publications.
CR  - Sharma, A., & McClellan, J. (2021). Emotional and behavioral dysregulation in severe mental illness. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 30(2), 415-429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.010
CR  - Sharma, M., Kacker, S., & Sharma, M. (2016). A brief introduction and review on galvanic skin response. Int J Med Res Prof, 2(6), 13-17. https://doi.org/10.21276/ijmrp.2016.2.6.003
CR  - Shea, D. (2014). Cognitive behavioral approaches for counselors. SAGE Publications.
CR  - Sheppes, G. (2020). Transcending the “good & bad” and “here & now” in emotion regulation: Costs and benefits of strategies across regulatory stages. In Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 61, pp. 185-236). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2019.09.003
CR  - Shiffman, S., Stone, A. A., & Hufford, M. R. (2008). Ecological momentary assessment. Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol., 4, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091415
CR  - Sikka, P., Stenberg, J., Vorobyev, V., & Gross, J. J. (2022). The neural bases of expressive suppression: a systematic review of functional neuroimaging studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 138, 104708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104708
CR  - Šimić, G., Tkalčić, M., Vukić, V., Mulc, D., Španić, E., Šagud, M., ... & R. Hof, P. (2021). Understanding emotions: origins and roles of the amygdala. Biomolecules, 11(6), 823. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060823
CR  - Simione, L., & Saldarini, F. (2023). A critical review of the monitor and acceptance theory of mindfulness. Mindfulness, 14(6), 1317-1328. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-023-02129-0
CR  - Smith, W., Wadley, G., Webber, S., Tag, B., Kostakos, V., Koval, P., & Gross, J. J. (2022, April). Digital emotion regulation in everyday life. In Proceedings of the 2022 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (pp. 1-15). https://doi.org/10.1145/3491102.3517573
CR  - Sörman, K., Garke, M. Å., Isacsson, N. H., Jangard, S., Bjureberg, J., Hellner, C., ... & Jayaram‐Lindström, N. (2022). Measures of emotion regulation: Convergence and psychometric properties of the difficulties in emotion regulation scale and emotion regulation questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 78(2), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23206
CR  - Steward, T., Davey, C. G., Jamieson, A. J., Stephanou, K., Soriano-Mas, C., Felmingham, K. L., & Harrison, B. J. (2021). Dynamic neural interactions supporting the cognitive reappraisal of emotion. Cerebral Cortex, 31(2), 961-973. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhaa268
CR  - Stover, A. D., Shulkin, J., Lac, A., & Rapp, T. (2024). A Meta-analysis of cognitive reappraisal and personal resilience. Clinical Psychology Review, 102428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102428
CR  - Strosahl, K. D., & Robinson, P. J. (2017). The mindfulness and acceptance workbook for depression: Using acceptance and commitment therapy to move through depression and create a life worth living. New Harbinger Publications.
CR  - Sureka, P. J. (2023). Emotional ability resources: A therapist's guide to unlocking the power within you. Hay House, Inc.
CR  - Teper, R., Segal, Z. V., & Inzlicht, M. (2013). Inside the mindful mind: How mindfulness enhances emotion regulation through improvements in executive control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 22(6), 449-454. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721413495869
CR  - Thomas, E. A., Hamrick, L. A., Owens, G. P., & Tekie, Y. T. (2020). Posttraumatic growth among undergraduates: Contributions from adaptive cognitive emotion regulation and emotional intelligence. Traumatology, 26(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1037/trm0000203
CR  - Tyra, A. T., Fergus, T. A., & Ginty, A. T. (2023). Emotion suppression and acute physiological responses to stress in healthy populations: A quantitative review of experimental and correlational investigations. Health Psychology Review, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2023.2251559
CR  - Valiente-Gómez, A., Moreno-Alcázar, A., Treen, D., Cedrón, C., Colom, F., Perez, V., & Amann, B. L. (2017). EMDR beyond PTSD: A systematic literature review. Frontiers in psychology, 8, 1668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01668
CR  - Vally, Z., & Ahmed, K. (2020). Emotion regulation strategies and psychological wellbeing: Examining cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression in an Emirati college sample. Neurology, Psychiatry and Brain Research, 38, 27-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.npbr.2020.09.001
CR  - Van Dijk, S., McKay, M., Wood, J. C., Brantley, J., Fanning, P., Pool, E., & Ona, P. E. Z. (2023). Distress tolerance made easy: dialectical behavior therapy skills for dealing with intense emotions in difficult times. New Harbinger Publications.
CR  - Volkaert, B., Wante, L., Van Beveren, M. L., Vervoort, L., & Braet, C. (2020). Training adaptive emotion regulation skills in early adolescents: The effects of distraction, acceptance, cognitive reappraisal, and problem solving. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 44, 678-696. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-019-10073-4
CR  - Vosahlikova, M., & Svoboda, P. (2016). Lithium–therapeutic tool endowed with multiple beneficiary effects caused by multiple mechanisms. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, 76(1), 1-19.
CR  - Walkup, J. T., Friedland, S. J., Peris, T. S., & Strawn, J. R. (2021). Dysregulation, catastrophic reactions, and the anxiety disorders. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics, 30(2), 431-444. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2020.10.011
CR  - Wang, D., Cao, D., & Kiani, A. (2023). How and when can job-insecure employees prevent psychological distress against the COVID-19 pandemic? The role of cognitive appraisal and reappraisal. Current Psychology, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04331-8
CR  - Watkins, E. R., & Roberts, H. (2020). Reflecting on rumination: Consequences, causes, mechanisms and treatment of rumination. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 127, 103573. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2020.103573
CR  - Wearne, T. A., Lucien, A., Trimmer, E. M., Logan, J. A., Rushby, J., Wilson, E., ... & McDonald, S. (2019). Anxiety sensitivity moderates the subjective experience but not the physiological response to psychosocial stress. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 141, 76-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.04.012
CR  - Webb, A. J. (2023). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Foundational principles, processes, and treatment components. Authorea Preprints.
CR  - Wehrwein, E. A., Orer, H. S., & Barman, S. M. (2016). Overview of the anatomy, physiology, and pharmacology of the autonomic nervous system. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c150037
CR  - Weis, C. N., Webb, E. K., deRoon-Cassini, T. A., & Larson, C. L. (2022). Emotion dysregulation following trauma: Shared neurocircuitry of traumatic brain injury and trauma-related psychiatric disorders. Biological psychiatry, 91(5), 470-477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.07.023
CR  - Wessa, M., Sandner, M., Rimpel, J., & Schönfelder, S. (2024). The influence of acute stress exposure on cognitive reappraisal: a psychophysiological study. Stress, 27(1), 2329663. https://doi.org/10.1080/10253890.2024.2329663
CR  - Wheeler, M. S., Arnkoff, D. B., & Glass, C. R. (2017). The neuroscience of mindfulness: How mindfulness alters the brain and facilitates emotion regulation. Mindfulness, 8, 1471-1487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0742-x
CR  - Wilms, R., Lanwehr, R., & Kastenmüller, A. (2020). Emotion regulation in everyday life: The role of goals and situational factors. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 522763. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00877
CR  - Wright, J. H., Brown, G. K., Thase, M. E., & Basco, M. R. (2017). Learning cognitive-behavior therapy: An illustrated guide. American Psychiatric Pub.
CR  - Zeifman, R. J., Boritz, T., Barnhart, R., Labrish, C., & McMain, S. F. (2020). The independent roles of mindfulness and distress tolerance in treatment outcomes in dialectical behavior therapy skills training. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 11(3), 181. https://doi.org/10.1037/per0000368
CR  - Zhang, Q., Zhao, H., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Effectiveness of mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) on symptom variables and health-related quality of life in breast cancer patients—a systematic review and meta-analysis. Supportive Care in Cancer, 27, 771-781. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4570-x
CR  - Zhao, J., Mo, L., Bi, R., He, Z., Chen, Y., Xu, F., ... & Zhang, D. (2021). The VLPFC versus the DLPFC in downregulating social pain using reappraisal and distraction strategies. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(6), 1331-1339.
CR  - Ziv, M., Goldin, P. R., Jazaieri, H., Hahn, K. S., & Gross, J. J. (2013). Emotion regulation in social anxiety disorder: behavioral and neural responses to three socio-emotional tasks. Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders, 3, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/2045-5380-3-20
CR  - Zotev, V., Mayeli, A., Misaki, M., & Bodurka, J. (2020). Emotion self-regulation training in major depressive disorder using simultaneous real-time fMRI and EEG neurofeedback. NeuroImage.Clinical, 27,102331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102331
UR  - https://doi.org/10.30613/curesosc.1496942
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/3986958
ER  -