TY - JOUR T1 - Doğallık ve Yapı Kavramları Çerçevesinde Ted Sider'ın Post-Modal Metafizik Anlayışı TT - Naturalness and Structure: Ted Sider's Post-Modal Metaphysics AU - Akalın, Atilla PY - 2025 DA - October Y2 - 2025 JF - Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi JO - KFD PB - Mersin Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 2148-9327 SP - 1 EP - 19 IS - 2 LA - tr AB - Amerikalı felsefeci Theodore (Ted) Sider’a göre, metafiziğin görevi yalnızca gerçeklik üzerine araştırma yapmak değil, bunu yaparken aynı zamanda gerçekliği oluşturan en temel özellikleri keşfederek gerçekliği bu özellikler üzerinden yorumlamaktır. Bu bakımdan metafizik aslında dünyanın en temel, kurucu ve doğal özelliklerini keşfetme girişimi olarak yorumlanabilir. Sider’a göre bütüncül bir metafizik yapı ise bu temel özellikleri kapsayan ve bu temel özellikler üzerinden inşa edilen bir metafizik yapı olmalıdır. Metafizik yapılar aynı zamanda doğal özellikleri nasıl yorumladığımızla ve bu özellikler üzerinden temel ontolojiyi nasıl ele aldığımızla ilişkili olan ideolojik görüşlerden de etkilenir. Sider’a ve bazı diğer çağdaşlarına göre metafiziğin perspektifleri bu çerçevede sürekli olarak değişmiştir. Metafizik tartışmaları etkiyelen en güncel metafizik trend ise post-modal metafiziktir (modalite sonrası metafizik). Post-modal dönem Sider’a göre, metafiziğin daha önceki dönemlerde sıkça önem atfettiği modalite, nedensellik ve kavramsal analiz gibi “felsefi saplantılardan” kurtulmak için yeni argümanlar ortaya koymaktadır. Eski tip felsefi arayışların metafizik yapıların ve doğal özelliklerin asli temellerini sorgulamak yerine felsefecileri ikincil uğraşlara sevk etmektedir. Sider’a göre, özelikle David Lewis sonrası dönemde metafizik, post-modal bir evreye geçerek, felsefi bağlamda en temel özellikleri keşfetmeye çalışma bağlamında bir çeşit aşırı basitleşme yolunda ilerlemektedir. Bu makale Ted Sider’ın doğallık, metafizik yapı ve post-modalite kavramlarını merkeze alarak, onun metafizik görüşlerini ve temel argümanlarını ortaya koyacaktır. KW - Özellikler KW - Metafizik KW - Doğallık KW - Post-Modalite KW - Ted Sider N2 - The American philosopher Theodore (Ted) Sider asserts that the role of metaphysics is not simply to investigate reality but to uncover the fundamental properties that constitute reality. In this respect, metaphysics tries to discover the world's most fundamental and natural properties. According to Sider, metaphysical structures should encompass these fundamental properties and be built on them. Ideological views can also influence metaphysical structures, affecting how we interpret natural properties and engage with fundamental ontology based on these properties. According to Sider and some of his contemporaries, the perspectives of metaphysics have constantly shifted within this framework, and the current metaphysical trend can be called the era of post-modal metaphysics. According to Sider, this period offers new arguments for eliminating some "philosophical obsessions" originating from modality, causality, and conceptual analysis to which metaphysics has often attached importance in previous periods. Such pursuits lead philosophers to secondary investigations instead of questioning the essential foundations of metaphysical structures, grounds and natural properties. According to Sider, metaphysics, especially in the post- Lewisian era, has moved into a post-modal phase, moving towards a kind of oversimplification in terms of trying to discover the most fundamental properties in a philosophical context. 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