@article{article_1543635, title={An investigation of causal relationship between public education expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye: Evidence from provincial level analysis}, journal={ODTÜ Gelişme Dergisi}, volume={52}, pages={203–237}, year={2025}, author={Çelen, Mustafa and Çağlayan Akay, Ebru and Yılmaz, Serdar}, keywords={Panel nedensellik, Kamu eğitim harcamaları, İl düzeyinde ekonomik büyüme, il düzeyinde kamu eğitim harcamaları}, abstract={This paper investigates the causal relationship between educational expenditures and economic growth in Turkiye at the provincial level by using annual panel data covering the period 2009-2021. The main finding suggests that the causal relationship between economic growth and public education spending is heterogenous: it varies from one province to the other. Although there is no causal relationship between total and primary and secondary education expenditures and economic growth in a majority of provinces, there is a unidirectional causal relationship between higher education expenditures and economic growth in 41 out of 81 provinces.}, number={1}, publisher={Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi}