TY - JOUR T1 - The Role of Altruism and Personality Traits In Explaining Attitudes Towards The Elderly: A Comparative Study on Different Occupational Groups TT - Yaşlılara Yönelik Tutumların Açıklanmasında Özgecilik ve Kişilik Özelliklerinin Rolü: Karşılaştırmalı Bir Çalışma AU - Özgöl, Mustafa AU - Altun Kobul, Fatma PY - 2025 DA - June Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.35675/befdergi.1570009 JF - Bayburt Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi PB - Bayburt Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1307-1076 SP - 466 EP - 483 VL - 20 IS - 46 LA - en AB - The aim of this study is to examine the predictor role of altruism and personality traits in explaining the attitudes of candidates with the potential to work with elderly individuals. The sample of the study consists of 1419 university students studying in the programs of psychological counseling and guidance, elderly care and nursing. The study’s data were collected using Personal Information Form, Attitudes Towards Older People Scale, Ten-Item Personality Inventory, and the Altruism Scale. The variance described for the dependent variable was 11% for PCG, 8% for elderly care, and 22% for nursing in regression models created for each occupational group. Among the independent variables, altruism level and conscientiousness personality trait are significant predictors in explaining attitudes toward the elderly in all three programs. KW - Altruism KW - attitudes towards elderly KW - counselor KW - elderly care and nursing KW - personality traits N2 - Dünya’da olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de nüfus içerisindeki oranı her geçen gün artan yaşlı bireylere hizmet sunan personelin onlara yönelik tutumları, hem hizmet kalitesinde hem de yaşlı bireylerin yaşam doyumları üzerinde belirleyici bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu durum yaşlılara yönelik tutum ile ilişkili olan değişkenlerin belirlenmesi ihtiyacını da beraberinde getirmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı yaşlı bireylerle çalışma potansiyeli olan meslek adaylarının yaşlılara yönelik tutumlarının açıklanmasında özgecilik ve kişilik özelliklerinin yordayıcı rolünü incelemektir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik (PDR), yaşlı bakım ve hemşirelik programlarında öğrenim gören 1419 üniversite öğrencisinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışmanın verileri Bilgi Formu, Yaşlılara Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği, On-Maddeli Kişilik Ölçeği ve Özgecilik Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Her meslek grubu için oluşturulan regresyon modellerinde bağımlı değişkene ilişkin açıklanan varyansın PDR için %11, yaşlı bakım için %8, hemşirelik için ise %22 olduğu görülmüştür. Bağımsız değişkenlerden özgecilik düzeyi ile sorumluluk kişilik özelliği yaşlılara yönelik tutumları açıklamada ortak anlamlı yordayıcılardır. CR - Achenbaum, W. A. (2005). Ageing and changing: International historical perspectives on ageing. In M. L. Jhonson (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of age and ageing (pp. 21-29). Cambridge University Press. CR - Aguiyi, O. A. & Okhakhume, A. S. (2012). The influence of the big five personality factors on stutends attitude towards the aged in Ibadan. African Journal of Applied Psychology, 6(11), 92-108. CR - Alam, M. (2010). Is caring for elders an act of altruism? In M. A. Cruz-Saco and S. Zelenev (Eds.), Intergenerational solidarity: Strengthening economic and social ties (pp. 181-197). Palgrave Macmillan. CR - Altun, F. & Yazici, H. (2015). The relationships between life satisfaction, gender, social security, and depressive symptoms among elderly in Turkey. Educational Gerontology, 41(4), 305-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601277.2013.852923 CR - Angel, J. L. & Settersten, R. A. (2011). Sociology of aging in the decade ahead. In R. A. Settersten and J. L. Angel (Eds.), Handbook of sociology of aging (pp. 661-672). Springer. CR - Atak, H. (2013). The Turkish adaptation of the ten-ıtem personality ınventory. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 50, 312-319. https://doi.org/10.4274/npa.y6128 CR - Ayoğlu, F. N., Kulakçı, H., Kuzlu-Ayyıldız, T., Korkmaz-Aslan, G. & Veren, F. (2014). Attitudes of Turkish nursing and medical students toward elderly people. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 25(3), 241-248. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659613515527 CR - Bordens, K. S. & Horowitz, I. A. (2008). Social psychology (3rd. ed). Freeload Press. CR - Budd, L. J. (1956). Altruism arrives in America. American Quarterly, 8(1), 40-52. https://doi.org/10.2307/2710296 CR - Bulut, E. & Çilingir, D. (2016). Attitudes of surgical nurses towards the elderly. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 19(4), 253-259. Retrieved from http://www.geriatri.dergisi.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_TJG_959.pdf CR - Burger, J. M. (2016). Kişilik (5th ed.). (İ. D. Erguvan Sarıoğlu, Çev.) Kaknüs Yayınları. CR - Bykov, A. (2017). Altruism: New perspectives of research on a classical theme in sociology of morality. Current Sociology Review, 65(6), 797-813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011392116657861 CR - Cicero, M. T. (1989). İhtiyarlık (A. Sarıgöllü, Çev.) Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Yayınları. CR - Çamur-Duyan, G., Tuncay, T., Özdemir, B. & Duyan, V. (2016). Attitudes of social work students towards older people. European Journal of Social Work, 19(5), 764-778. https://doi.org/10.1080/13691457.2015.1084269 CR - Çiftçi, B., Noyan, E. N., & Yıldız, G. N. (2022). How important is altruism to nursing students? Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58(4), 1776-1785. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12987 CR - Demir-Çelebi, Ç. & Yukay-Yüksel, M. (2014). Elderliness and a review of psychological counseling and guidance services for elderly people in Turkey. Kalem International Journal of Education and Human Sciences, 4(2), 175-202. CR - Dilmaç, B. & Ekşi, H. (2012). Öğretmenlerin sahip oldukları değerlerin ve özgeci davranışlarının mesleki benlik saygısı açısından incelenmesi. Değerler Eğitimi Dergisi, 10(23), 65-82. http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/302441 adresinden edinilmiştir. CR - Diren, Z. (2018). Relationship between emotional intelligence, personality traits, organizational trust and compassion feelings in elderly care workers and attitudes towards elderly (Thesis No. 493069) [Master thesis, İstanbul Arel Üniversitesi-İstanbul]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. CR - Duyan, V. & Gelbal, S. (2013). The adaptation of attitudes towards the elderly scale to Turkish with a group of university students. Turkish Journal of Geriatrics, 16(2), 202-209. Retrieved from http://geriatri.dergisi.org/uploads/pdf/pdf_TJG_733.pdf CR - Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publication. CR - Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E. & Hyun, H. H. (2012). How to design and evaluate research in education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies. CR - Ghorbani, M., Salehabadi, R., Mahdavifar, N., & Rad, M. (2021). Factors related to nurses’ attitudes toward the elderly care: The predictive roles of altruism, moral intelligence, life satisfaction and general health. Iranian Journal of Ageing, 16(2), 248-259. https://doi.org/10.32598/sija.16.2.2767.1 CR - Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J. & Swann, W. B. (2003). A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37(2003), 504-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0092-6566(03)00046-1 CR - Gürer, A., Küdür Çırpan, F. & Atalan Özlen (2019). Elderly care services. Journal of Health Services and Education, 3(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.35333/JOHSE.2019.44 CR - Hoffman, M. L. (1981). Is altruism part of human nature? Journal Personality and Social Psychology, 40(1), 121-137. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.40.1.121 CR - Holroyd, A., Dahlke, S., Fehr, C., Jung, P. & Hunter, A. (2009). Attitudes toward aging: Implications for a caring profession. Journal of Nursing Education, 48(7), 374-380. https://doi.org/10.3928/01484834-20090615-04 CR - Johnson, B. & Christensen, L. (2014). Eğitim araştırmaları: Nicel, nitel ve karma yaklaşımlar (4th ed.). (S. B. Demir, Çev. Ed.) Eğiten Kitap. CR - Johnson, M. L. (2005). The social construction of old age as a problem. In M. L. Jhonson (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of age and ageing (pp. 563-571). Cambridge University Press. CR - Kalaycı, Ş. (2010). SPSS uygulamalı çok değişkenli istatistik teknikleri [SPSS applied multivariate statistical techniques]. Asil. CR - King, B. J., Roberts, T. J. & Bowers, J. B. (2013). Nursing student attitudes toward and preferences for working with older adults. Gerontology and Geriatrics Education, 34(3), 272-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701960.2012.718012 CR - Kogan, N. (1961). Attitudes toward old people: The development of a scale and an examination of correlates. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 62(1), 44-54. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0048053 CR - Kohara, M. & Ohtake, F. (2011). Altruism and the care of elderly parents. The Japanese Economy, 38(2), 3–18. https://doi.org/10.2753/JES1097-203X380201 CR - Konak, A. and Çiğdem, Y. (2005). The fact of ageing: The case of Sivas Elderly House. CUJOSS, 29(1), 23-63. Retrieved from https://kutuphane.dogus.edu.tr/mvt/pdf.php CR - Krebs, D. (1975). Empathy and altruism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 32(6), 1134-1146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.32.6.1134 CR - Kurt, G. (2008). A sociological view of the fact of the aged in Turkey (Sivas city example) (Thesis No. 227433) [Master thesis, Cumhuriyet University-Sivas]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. CR - Kurt, G., Yücel-Beyaztaş, F. and Erkol, Z. (2010). The problems of aged people and the life satisfaction. Turkish Journal of Forensic Medicine, 24(2), 32-39. CR - Larsen, R. J. & Buss, D. M. (2010) Personality psychology: Domains of knowledge about human nature (4th ed.). McGraw-Hill Companies. CR - Liu, Y., Norman, I. J. & While, A. E. (2013). Nurses’ attitudes towards older people: A systematic review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 50(9), 1271-1282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.11.021 CR - Mancılık, A. (2015). Determination of social work students' working with elderly as clients and attitudes towards elderly (Thesis No. 390064) [Master thesis, Ankara University-Ankara]. Council of Higher Education Thesis Center. CR - Mansfield-Green, S., Morrisseau, N. R., Valliant, P. M. & Caswell, J. M. (2015). Undergraduate students' attitudes toward, and personality correlates in relation to, older adults. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 43(10), 1741-1748. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2015.43.10.1741 CR - Mastain, L. (2006). The lived experience of spontaneous altruism: A phenomenological study. Journal of Phenomenological Psychology, 37(1), 26-52. https://doi.org/10.1163/156916206778150439 CR - Monroe, K. R. (1996). The heart of altruism: Perceptions of a common humanity. Princeton University Press. CR - Neville, C. & Dickie, R. (2014). The evaluation of undergraduate nurses’ attitudes, perspectives and perceptions toward older people. Nurse Education Today, 34(7), 1074-1079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2014.04.018 CR - Özmen, Ş. Y. (2013). Place of old people in Turkish culture and the changin position of elderliness in media. Milli Folklor International Journal of Cultural Research, 25(100), 110-119. CR - Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS (S. Balcı & B. Ahi, Translate). Anı Publications. CR - Rushton, J. P., Chrisjohn, R. D. & Fekken, G. C. (1981). The altruistic personality and the self-report altruism scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 2(4), 293-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(81)90084-2 CR - Scott, N. & Seglow, J. (2007). Altruism. Open University Press. CR - Seçer, İ. (2015). SPSS ve LISREL ile pratik veri analizi: Analiz ve raporlaştırma [Practical data analysis with SPSS and LISREL: Analysis and reporting] (2nd. ed.). Anı Publications. CR - Somer, O. & Goldberg, L. R. (1999). The structure of Turkish trait-descriptive adjectives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 76(3), 431-450. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.76.3.431 CR - Şahin, E. S. (2017). Ayırıcı özellik kuramı: G. Allport, R. Cattell, P. T. Costa ve R. R. McCrae [Distinctive trait theory: G. Allport, R. Cattell, P. T. Costa, and R. R. McCrae]. D. Gençtanırım-Kurt ve E. Çetinkaya-Yıldız (Ed.) Kişilik kuramları: Gerçek yaşamdan kişilik analizi örnekleriyle [Personality theories: Examples of personality analysis from real life] içinde (s. 479-526). Pegem Academy. CR - Tanman-Zıplar, Ü. (2015). Aging sevices in Turkey and the world. Cankiri Karatekin University Journal of Institute of Social Sciences, 6(2), 173-194. Retrieved from http://dergipark.gov.tr/download/article-file/253882 CR - Taylor, S. E., Peplau, L. A. & Sears, D. O. (2003). Social psychology (11th ed.). Pearson Education International. CR - Tekbıyık, A. (2015). İlişkisel araştırma yöntemi [Relational research method]. M. Metin (Ed.) Kuramdan uygulamaya eğitimde bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri [Scientific research methods in education from theory to practice] (2nd. ed.) içinde (s. 99-114). Pegem Academy. CR - Tekeş, B. & Hasta, D. (2015). Altruism scale: A study of reliability and validity. Nesne-Journal of Psychology, 3(6), 55-75. https://doi.org/10.7816/nesne-03-06-03 CR - Ter Meulen, R. & Ubachs-Moust, J. (2005). Healthcare rationing: Is age a proper criterion. In M. L. Jhonson (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of age and ageing (pp. 656-661). Cambridge University Press. CR - WHO. (1998). The World health report 1998 – Life in the 21st century: A vision for all. Retrieved from https://apps.who.int/gb/archive/pdf_files/wha51/ea3.pdf CR - WHO. (2013). Proposed working definition of an older person in Africa for the MDS Project. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/ (Downloaded July 31, 2018). CR - World Health Organization. (2021). Advocacy brief: Social isolation and loneliness among older people. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240030749. Accessed 17 April 2025 CR - Wilson, E. O. (2000). Sociobiology: The new synthesis (25th ed.). Harvard University Press. CR - Yazdanian, A., Alavi, M., Irajpour, A. & Keshvari, M. (2016). Association between nurses’ personality characteristics and their attitude toward the older adults. Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Research, 21(1), 9-13. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-9066.174758 CR - Yıldırım Üşenmez, S. & Kaya, H. (2021). Determining the attitudes of nursing home employees towards the elderly. IGUSABDER, 15, 548-560. https://doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.974845 CR - Yılmaz, E. & Özkan, S. (2010). Attitudes of nursing students towards ageism. Maltepe Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Bilim ve Sanatı Dergisi, 3(2), 35-53. CR - Zambrini, D. A. B., Moraru, M., Hanna, M., Kalache, A. & Nuñez, J. F. M. (2008). Attitudes toward the elderly among students of health care related studies at the University of Salamanca, Spain. Journal of Continuing Education in The Health Professions, 28(2), 86-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/chp.162 UR - https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.1570009 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4299549 ER -