TY - JOUR T1 - ÜNİVERSİTE ÖĞRENCİLERİNDE BİLİNÇLİ FARKINDALIK VE MUTLULUK: AFFETME VE ÖZ ANLAYIŞIN ARACI ROLÜNÜN İNCELENMESİ TT - MINDFULNESS AND HAPPINESS IN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS: EXAMINING THE MEDIATING ROLE OF FORGIVENESS AND SELF-COMPASSION AU - Gönültaş, Osman AU - Atıcı, Meral PY - 2025 DA - October Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.35379/cusosbil.1591342 JF - Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi PB - Çukurova Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1304-8899 SP - 983 EP - 996 VL - 34 IS - 2 LA - tr AB - Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinde bilinçli farkındalık ile mutluluk arasındaki ilişkide affetme ve öz anlayışın aracı rolünü incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu yaşları 18 ile 45 arasında değişen 216’sı kadın ve 72’si erkek olmak üzere 288 lisans öğrencisi oluşturmuştur. Araştırma verileri Oxford Mutluluk Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Bilinçli Farkındalık Ölçeği, Öz-Anlayış Ölçeği ve Heartland Affetme Ölçeği ile toplanmıştır. Veri analizinde SPSS 25.0 ve SPSS AMOS 25 programları kullanılmış ve anlamlılık düzeyi p < .05 olarak alınmıştır. Aracı değişkenlerin rolü yol analizi incelenmiştir. Aracılık analizi sonuçlarına göre, bilinçli farkındalık affetmeyi, öz anlayışı ve mutluluğu pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Ayrıca affetme öz anlayışı pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordarken öz anlayış da mutluluğu pozitif yönde ve anlamlı düzeyde yordamaktadır. Araştırmada son olarak, bilinçli farkındalık ile mutluluk arasındaki ilişkide öz anlayışın kısmi aracı rolü olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular ilgili alan yazın ışığında tartışılarak bazı öneriler sunulmuştur. KW - Bilinçli farkındalık KW - Mutluluk KW - Affetme KW - Öz anlayış KW - Üniversite öğrencileri N2 - The aim of the current study is to investigate the mediating role of forgiveness and self-compassion in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness among university students. The study group is comprised of 288 undergraduate students, 216 female and 72 male, aged between 18 and 45. The data of the study were collected by using the Short Form of the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, the Self-Compassion Scale and the Heartland Forgiveness Scale. In the analysis of the collected data, SPSS 25.0 and SPSS AMOS 25 programs were used and the significance level was taken as p < .05. Path analysis was used to assess the role of the mediating variables. According to the mediation analysis results, mindfulness significantly and positively predicted forgiveness, self-compassion and happiness. In addition, while forgiveness significantly and positively predicted self-compassion, and self-compassion, in turn, positively and significantly predicted happiness. Finally, it was concluded that self-compassion has played a partial mediating role in the relationship between mindfulness and happiness. The results obtained were discussed in the light of the relevant literature and several suggestions were provided. CR - Abid, M. (2016). Examining the predictive role of mindfulness in forgiveness and happiness among psychiatric patients. Peshawar Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences (PJPBS), 2(2), 163-176. https://doi.org/10.32879/pjpbs.2016.2.2.163-176 CR - Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469-480. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.5.469 CR - Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J. Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006). Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness. Assesment, 13(1), 27-45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191105283504 CR - Bergen-Cico, D., & Cheon, S. (2014). The mediating effects of mindfulness and self-compassion on trait anxiety. Mindfulness, 5, 505-519. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-013-0205-y CR - Birnie, K., Speca, M., & Carlson, L. E. (2010). Exploring self‐compassion and empathy in the context of mindfulness‐based stress reduction (MBSR). Stress and Health, 26(5), 359-371. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1305 CR - Bishop, S. R., Lau, M., Shapiro, S., Carlson, L., Anderson, N. D., Carmody, J., Segal, Z. V., Abbey, S., Speca, M., Velting, D., & Devins, G. (2004). Mindfulness: A proposed operational definition. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 11(3), 230-241. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bph077 CR - Booker, J. A., & Dunsmore, J. C. (2019). Testing direct and indirect ties of self-compassion with subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 20, 1563-1585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-0011-2 CR - Braun, S. S., Cho, S., Colaianne, B. A., Taylor, C., Cullen, M., & Roeser, R. W. (2020). Impacts of a mindfulness-based program on teachers’ forgiveness. Mindfulness, 11, 1978-1992. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-020-01413-7 CR - Brown, K. W., & Ryan, R. M. (2003). The benefits of being present: Mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84(4), 822-848. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822 CR - Brown, K. W., Ryan, R. M., & Creswell, J. D. (2007). Mindfulness: Theoretical foundations and evidence for its salutary effects. Psychological Inquiry, 18(4), 211-237. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840070159829 CR - Bugay, A., & Demir, A. (2010). A Turkish version of heartland forgiveness scale. Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 1927-1931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2010.07.390 CR - Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için veri analizi el kitabı. Pegem Akademi. CR - Büyüköztürk, Ş., Kılıç-Çakmak, E., Akgün, O. E., Karadeniz, Ş., & Demirel, F. (2016). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemleri. Pegem Akademi. CR - Cativa, R., & Cerezo, M. A. (2014). The mediating role of self-compassion in the relationship between victimisation and psychological maladjustment in a sample of adolescents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 38(7), 1180-1190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.04.005 CR - Coo, C., & Salanova, M. (2018). Mindfulness can make you happy-and-productive: A mindfulness controlled trial and its effects on happiness, work engagement and performance. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19, 1691-1711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-017-9892-8 CR - Crane, R. S., Brewer, J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Santorelli, S., Williams, J. M. G., & Kuyken, W. (2017). What defines mindfulness-based programs? The warp and the weft. Psychological Medicine, 47(6), 990-999. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291716003317 CR - Çatak, P. D., & Ögel, K. (2010). Farkındalık temelli terapiler ve terapötik süreçler. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13, 85-91. CR - Çokluk, O., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2014). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi. CR - Deniz, M. E., Kesici, Ş., & Sümer, A. S. (2008). The validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of self-compassion scale. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 36(9), 1151-1160. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.9.1151 CR - Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. CR - Diener, E., Suh, E., & Oishi, S. (1997). Recent findings on subjective well-being. Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology, 24, 25-41. CR - Doğan, T., & Akıncı-Çötok, N. (2011). Oxford mutluluk ölçeği kısa formunun Türkçe uyarlaması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması. Türk Psikolojik Danışma ve Rehberlik Dergisi, 4(36),165-172. CR - Enright, R. D., Gassin, E. A., & Wu, C. (1992). Forgiveness: A developmental view. Journal of Moral Education, 21(2), 99-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724920210202 CR - Foulk, M. A., Ingersoll-Dayton, B., & Fitzgerald, J. (2017). Mindfulness-based forgiveness groups for older adults. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 60(8), 661-675. https://doi.org/10.1080/01634372.2017.1374314 CR - Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218 CR - Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions. American Scientist, 91(4), 330-335. CR - Frisch, M. B. (2013). Evidence-based well-being/positive psychology assessment and intervention with quality of life therapy and coaching and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 193-227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-012-0140-7 CR - Ge, J., Wu, J., & Zheng, Y. (2019). Self-compassion and subjective well-being mediate the impact of mindfulness on balanced time perspective in Chinese college students. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 323160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00367 Gizir, C. A. (2005). Orta Doğu Teknik Üniversitesi son sınıf öğrencilerinin problemleri üzerine bir çalışma. Mersin Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2), 196-213. CR - Gürpınar, A. C. (2021). Öğretmen adaylarının bilinçli farkındalık bilişsel esneklik ve ruhsal belirtilerinin incelenmesi, [Yayımlanmamış Yüksek Lisans Tezi], Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi. CR - Hanh, T. N. (1987). The miracle of mindfulness: An introduction to the practice of meditation. Beacon Press. CR - Hollis-Walker, L., & Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness in nonmeditators: A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(2), 222-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.033 CR - Johns, K. N., Allen, E. S., & Gordon, K. C. (2015). The relationship between mindfulness and forgiveness of infidelity. Mindfulness, 6, 1462-1471. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-015-0427-2 CR - Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144-156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016 CR - Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel araştırma yöntemi. Nobel Yayın Dağıtım. CR - Karremans, J. C., van Schie, H. T., van Dongen, I., Kappen, G., Mori, G., van As, S., ten Bokkel, I. M., & van der Wal, R. C. (2020). Is mindfulness associated with interpersonal forgiveness? Emotion, 20(2), 296–310. https://doi.org/10.1037/emo0000552 CR - Kermen, U., & Sarı, T. (2014). Üniversite öğrencilerinde ihtiyaç doyumu ve öznel iyi oluş arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 175-185. CR - Kılıç, D., & Tunç, E. (2020). Genç yetişkinlerde akılcı olmayan inanç ile öz-anlayış arasındaki ilişkide affetmenin aracı rolü. OPUS International Journal of Society Researches, 16(Eğitim ve Toplum Özel sayısı), 6244-6270. https://doi.org/10.26466/opus.735586 CR - Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. The Guilford Press. CR - Kristeller, J.L., & Johnson, T. (2005). Cultivating loving kindness: A two-stage model of the effects of meditation on empathy, compassion, and altruism. Journal of Religion and Science, 40(2), 391-408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9744.2005.00671.x Leary, M. R., Tate, E. B., Adams, C. E., Batts Allen, A., & Hancock, J. (2007). Self-compassion and reactions to unpleasant self-relevant events: The implications of treating oneself kindly. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(5), 887-904. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.5.887 CR - Lewis, S. N. (2017). Mindfulness and religiosity as predictors of forgiveness, [Doctoral dissertation], Sam Houston State University. CR - Lyubomirsky, S. (2007). The how of happiness: A scientific approach to getting the life you want. New York: The Penguin Press. CR - Maltby, J., Day, L., & Barber, L. (2005). Forgiveness and happiness. The differing contexts of forgiveness using the distinction between hedonic and eudaimonic happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-004-0924-9 CR - Martin, M. W. (2007). Happiness and virtue in positive psychology. Journal for the Theory of Social Behaviour, 37(1), 89-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5914.2007.00322.x CR - McCullough, M. E. (2000). Forgiveness as human strength: Theory, measurement, and links to well-being. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 19(1), 43-55. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2000.19.1.43 CR - McCullough, M. E., Pargament, K. I., & Thoresen, C. E. (2000). Forgiveness: Theory, research, and practice. Guilford. CR - McCullough, M. E., Rachal, K. C., Sandage, S. J., Worthington, E. L., Brown, S. W., & Hight, T. L. (1998). Interpersonal forgiveness in close relationships II: Theoretical elaboration and measurement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 75(6), 1586-1603. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.75.6.1586 CR - Mertler, C. A., & Vannatta, R. A. (2016). Advanced and multivariate statistical methods: Practical application and interpretation. Pyrczak Publishing. CR - Mistler, B. A. (2010). Forgiveness, perfectionism, and the role of self-compassion, [Doctoral dissertation], University of Florida. CR - Morgan, G. A., Leech, N. L. Gloeckner, G. W., & Barrett, K. C. (2004). SPSS for introductory statistics: Use and interpretation. Psychology Press. CR - Neff, K. D. (2003a). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2(2), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032 CR - Neff, K. D. (2003b). The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity, 2(3), 223-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027 CR - Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-Compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of Individual Differences in Social Behavior (pp. 561–573). New York: Guilford Press. CR - Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K. L., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41(1), 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004 CR - Neff, K. D., & McGehee, P. (2010). Self-compassion and psychological resilience among adolescents and young adults. Self and identity, 9(3), 225-240. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860902979307 CR - Nelson, S. K., Kurtz, J. L., & Lyubomirsky, S. (2015). What psychological science knows about achieving happiness. In S. J. Lynn, W. T. O'Donohue, & S. O. Lilienfeld (Eds.), Health, happiness, and well-being: Better living through psychological science (pp. 250–271). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781483385822.n15 CR - North, J. (1987). Wrongdoing and forgiveness. Philosophy, 42, 499-508. CR - Özyeşil, Z. (2011). Öz-anlayış ve bilinçli farkındalık. Maya Akademi Yayınevi. CR - Özyeşil, Z., Arslan, C., Kesici, Ş. ve Deniz, M. E. (2011). Bilinçli farkındalık ölçeğini Türkçeye uyarlama çalışması. Eğitim ve Bilim, 36(160), 226-227. CR - Pérez-Aranda, A., García-Campayo, J., Gude, F., Luciano, J. V., Feliu-Soler, A., González-Quintela, A., ... & Montero-Marin, J. (2021). Impact of mindfulness and self-compassion on anxiety and depression: The mediating role of resilience. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 21(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijchp.2021.100229 CR - Peterson, C. (2000). The future of optimism. American Psychologist, 55(1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.44 CR - Rimes, K. A., & Wingrove, J. (2011). Pilot study of Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for trainee clinical psychologists. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 39, 235-241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465810000731 CR - Rosini, R. J., Nelson, A., Sledjeski, E., & Dinzeo, T. (2017). Relationships between levels of mindfulness and subjective well-being in undergraduate students. Modern Psychological Studies, 23(1),1-23. CR - Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 CR - Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141-166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141 CR - Safaria, T. (2014). Forgiveness, gratitude, and happiness among college students. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 3(4), 241-245. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v3i4.4698 CR - Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (2011). Emotional intelligence mediates the relationship between mindfulness and subjective well-being. Personality and individual differences, 50(7), 1116-1119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.037 CR - Sedighimornani, N., Rimes, K. A., & Verplanken, B. (2019). Exploring the relationships between mindfulness, self-compassion, and shame. Sage Open, 9(3), 2158244019866294. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019866294 CR - Seligman, M. E. P., & Csizkszenmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5-14. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.5 CR - Siegel, R. D., Germer, C. K. ve Olendzki, A. (2009). Mindfulness: What is it? Where did it come from? F. Didonna (Ed.), Clinical Handbook of Mindfulness (s. 17-35). Springer. CR - Sudirman, S. A., Suud, F. M., Rouzi, K. S., & Sari, D. P. (2019). Forgiveness and happiness through resilience. Al-Qalb: Jurnal Psikologi Islam, 10(2). 113-132. CR - Tabachnick, B. G., Fidell, L. S., & Ullman, J. B. (2007). Using multivariate statistics. Pearson CR - Thompson, L. Y., Snyder, C. R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S. T., Rasmussen, H. N., Billings, L. S., … Roberts, D. E. (2005). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Journal of Personality, 73(2), 313-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.2005.00311.x CR - Toussaint, L., & Webb, J. R. (2005). Theoretical and empirical connections between forgiveness, mental health, and well-being. In E. L. Worthington Jr. (Ed.), Handbook of forgiveness (pp. 349–362). Routledge. CR - Whitaker, W. K., & Brannon, L. A. (2023). Mindfulness and implementation planning: Promoting self-reported and behavioral forgiveness. Psychological Reports, 126(6), 2707-2728. https://doi.org/10.1177/00332941221100450 CR - Yıldız, F. (2021). Tıp fakültesi araştırma görevlileri arasında bilinçli farkındalık ile mutluluk düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi, [Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi], Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi. UR - https://doi.org/10.35379/cusosbil.1591342 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4393815 ER -