TY - JOUR T1 - Pre-Service English Language Teachers’ Perceptions of Global Competence and Evaluations of Global Education TT - İngilizce Öğretmeni Adaylarının Küresel Yeterlik Algıları ve Küresel Eğitime İlişkin Değerlendirmeleri AU - Çelik, Handan AU - Köş, İsmail Emre PY - 2025 DA - October Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.51460/baebd.1609437 JF - Batı Anadolu Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi JO - WAJES PB - Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi WT - DergiPark SN - 1308-8971 SP - 1 EP - 28 VL - 16 IS - Özel Sayı 4 LA - en AB - The ability to participate in international thought and action is more crucial than ever in today's globalized world. It is essential to analyze national, international, and cultural issues, as well as understand and value diverse perspectives. Schools and teachers, especially Future generations' ability to develop such abilities is significantly facilitated by English language teachers. This mixed-method study examined pre-service English language teachers' perceptions of their global competences and their views on global education. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used, in addition to qualitative content analysis, to evaluate data obtained from a global competence scale and one-on-one interviews. The results revealed that while pre-service English language teachers showed positive attitudes and values, they had relatively low levels of global knowledge and skills. Furthermore, the qualitative data revealed that they lacked confidence in integrating global issues into their classrooms, and they experienced uncertainty, particularly in areas such as political and economic structures, international relations, and the impacts of globalization. KW - English language teaching KW - globalization KW - global competence KW - global education KW - pre-service English language teachers KW - UNESCO N2 - Uluslararası düşünce ve eyleme katılma yeteneği, günümüzün birbirine bağlı dünyasında her zamankinden daha kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Ulusal, uluslararası ve kültürel konuları analiz etmek ve çeşitli bakış açılarını anlamak ve değer vermek önem arz eder. Okullar ve öğretmenler, özellikle İngilizce öğretmenleri, bu yeteneğin gelecek nesillerde geliştirilmesinde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu karma yöntemli çalışma, öğretmen adaylarının küresel yeterliliklerine yönelik algılarını ve küresel eğitime dair görüşlerini incelemiştir. Küresel yeterlilik ölçeği ve birebir görüşmeler yoluyla toplanan veriler, tanımlayıcı ve çıkarımsal istatistikler ile nitel içerik analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, öğretmen adaylarının olumlu tutum ve değerlere sahip olduklarını gösterirken, küresel bilgi ve becerilerinin nispeten düşük seviyelerde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, nitel veriler, küresel konuları sınıflarına entegre etme konusunda öğretmen adaylarının kendilerine güvenmediklerini ve özellikle siyasi ve ekonomik yapılar, uluslararası ilişkiler ve küreselleşmenin etkileri gibi alanlarda belirsizlik yaşadıklarını ortaya koymuştur. CR - Ahmed, S. H. (2022). Sudanese tertiary staff’s perceptions towards global awareness. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 18(2). CR - Alkharusi, H., Kazem, A. M., & Al-Musawai, A. (2011). Knowledge, skills, and attitudes of preservice and inservice teachers in educational measurement. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 39(2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2011.560649 CR - Arikan, A. (2009). Environmental peace education in foreign language learners’ English grammar lessons. Journal of Peace Education, 6(1), 87-99. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400200802655064 CR - Arslangilay, A. S., & Taspinar, M. (2017). The metaphorical perceptions of teacher candidates attending the pedagogical formation program on academic staff--Gazi university sample. International Education Studies, 10(11), 33-46. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v10n11p33 CR - Author#1 & Author#2 (2023). Names removed for peer review. CR - Balbağ, N. L., & Türkcan, B. (2017). Elementary school 4th grade students and teachers’ perception of global citizenship. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 8(2), 216-249. https://doi.org/10.17569/tojqi.270274 CR - Baris, Y., & Hasan, A. (2019). Teacher Education in China, Japan and Turkey. Educational research and reviews, 14(2), 51-55. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2018.3661 CR - Barrett, B. (2019). Global education connections and strategies: Do these connect, share or separate educational systems?. In Luis Gómez Chova, A. López Martínez, I. Candel Torres (Eds.), EDULEARN19: 11th international conference on education and new learning technologies (pp. 26-31). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2019 CR - Başarır, F. (2017). Examining the perceptions of English instructors regarding the incorporation of global citizenship education into ELT. International Journal of Languages' Education and Teaching, 5(4), 409-425. https://doi.org/10.18298/ijlet.2127 CR - Byker, E. J. (2016). Developing global citizenship consciousness: Case studies of critical cosmopolitan theory. Journal of Research in Curriculum and Instruction, 20(3), 264-275. https://doi.org/10.24231/rici.2016.20.3.264 CR - Byram, M. (2021). Teaching and assessing intercultural communicative competence. Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781800410251 CR - Cates, K. A. (1997). New trends in global issues and English teaching. The Language Teacher, 21, 39–41. https://jalt-publications.org/old_tlt/files/97/may/cates.html CR - Cheng, C. C., & Huang, K. H. (2023). Study abroad And pre-service teachers’ global competence. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 81(2), 172-175. https://doi.org/10.33225/pec/23.81.172 CR - Çokçalışkan, H., & Çelik, Ö. (2017). Investigation of pre-service classroom teachers’ environmental awareness and attitudes. International Electronic Journal of Environmental Education, 7(2), 73-83. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/iejeegreen/issue/75809/1235194 CR - Deardorff, D. K. (2006). Identification and assessment of intercultural competence as a student outcome of internationalization. Journal of Studies in International Education, 10(3), 241-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1028315306287002 CR - Denzin, N.K. (2009). The research act: A theoretical introduction to sociological methods. Routledge. CR - Dornyei, Z. (2007). Research methods in applied linguistics. Oxford university press. CR - Ebere, W. S., & Isaac, O. E. (2023). Fostering teacher’s education competencies for global competitiveness: A motivational approach. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy , 7(1), 34-40. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2023.v07i01.005 CR - Flammia, M., Sadri, H., & Mejia, C. (2019). An internalization project to develop global competency across the disciplines. International Journal of Teaching and Learning in Higher Education, 31(2), 332-345. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1224379 CR - Francisco, J. C. (2024). Student-centric perspectives of the 'Why' and' How' of fostering global competence in education. Journal of Higher Education Theory & Practice, 24(3), 91-103. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v24i3.6834 CR - Goren, H., & Yemini, M. (2016). Global citizenship education in context: Teacher perceptions at an international school and a local Israeli school. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 46(5), 832-853. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2015.1111752 CR - Grant, C.A. (1992). Research in multicultural education: From the margins to the mainstream. Routledge. CR - Gursoy, E., & Saglam, G. T. (2011). ELT teacher trainees attitudes towards environmental education and their tendency to use it in the language classroom. Journal of International Education Research (JIER), 7(4), 47-52. https://doi.org/10.19030/jier.v7i4.6046 CR - Gürsoy, E. (2010). Implementing environmental education to foreign language teaching to young learners. Educational Research, 1(8), 232-238. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/eltrj/issue/5483/74460 CR - Gürsoy, E., & Salı, P. (2014). A language course within the scheme of socially responsible teaching: ELT trainees’ expectations. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 4(2), 355-365. CR - Hashizaki, Y., & Kawaguchi, H. (2012). Japanese student teachers’ perceptions about teaching global issues. In P. Cunningham, & N. Pretwell (Eds.), Creating communities: local, national and global (pp.58-71). CiCE. CR - Heilman, E. E. (2007). (Dis)Locating imaginative and ethical aims of global education. In K. Roth, & I. Gur-Ze-ev, (Eds.), Education in the era of globalization. Philosophy and education (pp. 83-104). Springer. CR - Idrissi, H., Engel, L., & Pashby, K. (2020). The diversity conflation and action ruse: a critical discourse analysis of the OECD’s framework for global competence. Comparative and International Education, 49(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.5206/cie-eci.v49i1.13435 CR - Jacobs, G. M., & Cates, K. (2012). Global education in second language teaching. International Journal of Physical and Social Sciences, 2(8), 1-22. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9744/kata.1.1.44-56 CR - Jing, H. (2013). Global Awareness: Foreign Language Teachers' Beliefs and Practices. Intercultural Communication Studies, 22(1). CR - Karadağ, Y., & Özden, D. Ö. (2020). Çokkültürlü eğitim ortamlarına geleceğin sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerini hazırlamak: Öğretmen adaylarının çokkültürlü yeterlikleri. Ondokuz Mayis University Journal of Education Faculty, 39(2), 179-201. https://doi.org/10.7822/omuefd.764913 CR - Karanikola, Z. (2022a). Measuring global competence of undergraduate and postgraduate students. International Journal of Education, Learning and Development, 10(8), 27-39. https://10.37745/ijeld.2013vo10n8pp2739 CR - Karanikola, Z. (2022b). Teachers’ perceptions on global competence. Investigating its basic dimensions. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management, 10(7), 1174-1189. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v10i7.sh01 CR - Karanikola, Z. (2022c). Global competence measurement in non-formal educational settings. European Journal of Development Studies, 2(4), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2022.2.4.125 CR - Kaymakci, S. (2012). Global education in the Turkish social studies teacher training programme. Croatian Journal of Education: Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 14(4), 817-854. https://hrcak.srce.hr/94325 CR - Kılınç, E., & Korkmaz, U. (2015). From national to global citizenship: Turkish perspectives on the meaning of global citizenship. In M. Merryfield, T. Augustine, & J. Harshman (Eds.), Research in Global Citizenship Education (pp. 163-188). Information Age Publishing. CR - Kirkwood, T. F. (2001). Our global age requires global education: Clarifying definitional ambiguities. The social studies, 92(1), 10-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00377990109603969 CR - Kjellgren, B., & Richter, T. (2021). Education for a sustainable future: Strategies for holistic global competence development at engineering institutions. Sustainability, 13(20), 11184. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132011184 CR - Kruger, F. (2012). The role of TESOL in educating for peace. Journal of Peace Education, 9(1), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/17400201.2011.623769 CR - Liu, Y., Yin, Y., & Wu, R. (2020). Measuring graduate students’ global competence: Instrument development and an empirical study with a Chinese sample. Studies in Educational Evaluation, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stueduc.2020.100915 CR - Merryfield, M. M. (1991). Preparing American secondary social studies teachers to teach with a global perspective: A status report. Journal of Teacher Education, 42(1), 11-20. doi.org/10.1177/002248719104200103 CR - Merryfield, M. M. (2000). Why aren't teachers being prepared to teach for diversity, equity, and global interconnectedness? A study of lived experiences in the making of multicultural and global educators. Teaching and teacher education, 16(4), 429-443. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00004-4 CR - OECD. (2018). The future of education and skills: Education 2030. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/content/dam/oecd/en/about/projects/edu/education-2040/concept-notes/Skills_for_2030_concept_note.pdf CR - Oguro, S., & Harbon, L. (2021). Enhancing pre-service teachers' global competencies through interdisciplinary study abroad. In Interdisciplinary Approaches Toward Enhancing Teacher Education (pp. 20-32). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4697-0.ch002 CR - Öcal, A. & Yakar, H. (2015). 1968-2005 Sosyal bilgiler ders programlarında küresel farkındalık eğitimi. Abant İzzet Baysal Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 15(1), 307-327. CR - Parmigiani, D., Jones, S.L., Kunnari, I., & Nicchia, E. (2022). Global competence and teacher education programmes. A European perspective. Cogent Education, 9(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2021.2022996 CR - Polat, İ., & Kılıç, E. (2013). Türkiye’de çokkültürlü eğitim ve çokkültürlü eğitimde öğretmen yeterlilikleri. Van Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 10(1), 352-372. CR - Recepoğlu, S. (2022). Sosyal bilgiler öğretmenlerinin küresel okuryazarlığa ilişkin görüşleri. Ahi Evran Üniversitesi Kırşehir Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi, 23(1), 1013-1041. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.930435 CR - Sağlam, G. T., & Gürsoy, E. (2010). ELT teacher trainees’ awareness on environmental issues and their integration to the curriculum. In Proceedings of the ICONTE – International Conference on New Trends in Education and Their Implications (pp. 131–136). Antalya, Türkiye. CR - Salı, P., & Gürsoy, E. (2014). Evaluation of a language course within the framework of socially responsible teaching. ELT Research Journal, 3(3), 140-152. CR - Sleeter, C. E. (1992). Keepers of the American dream : a study of staff development and multicultural education. Falmer Press. CR - Standish, A. (2014). What is global education and where is it taking us?. Curriculum Journal, 25(2), 166-186. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585176.2013.870081 CR - Ting, S. H. (2023). Cross-cultural competence in the volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous world. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 13(1), 1-3. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v13i1.9207 CR - Tomšik, R. (2019). Power Comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Jarque-Bera Tests. Scholars Journal of Research in Mathematics and Computer Science, 3(3), 238-243. CR - Topkaya, Y., & Coşkun, K. (2016). Küresel vatandaşlık bilinci üzerinde sosyal bilgiler öğretim programında yer alan değerlerin etki boyutu. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 6(11), 238-252. CR - UNESCO. (2013). Global citizenship education: Topics and learning objectives. UNESCO. https://doi.org/10.54675/DRHC3544 CR - Waktola, D. K. (2009). Challenges and opportunities in mainstreaming environmental education into the curricula of teachers' colleges in Ethiopia. Environmental Education Research, 15(5), 589-605. CR - Weyant, E. (2022). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches In J. W. Creswell & J. D. Creswell (Eds.). Journal of Electronic Resources in Medical Libraries, 19(1–2), 54–55. Sage. CR - Yaccob, N. S., Yunus, M. M., & Hashim, H. (2022). Globally competent teachers: English as a second language teachers’ perceptions on global competence in English lessons. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 925160. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.925160 CR - Yakovchuk, N. (2004). Global issues and global values in foreign language education: Selection and awareness-raising. English Language Teacher Education and Development, 8, 28-47. CR - Yılmaz, E. (2022). Between Turkey (1960-1980) important features in demographic structure. Socıal Sciences Studies Journal (SSSJournal), 8(96), 1141-1145. http://dx.doi.org/10.26449/sssj.3925 CR - Zhao, Y. (2010). Preparing globally competent teachers: A new imperative for teacher education. Journal of teacher education, 61(5), 422-431. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487110375802 UR - https://doi.org/10.51460/baebd.1609437 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4476501 ER -