TY  - JOUR
T1  - The European Union’s experience with the “Hamiltonian moment” after the COVID-19 pandemic
TT  - Avrupa Birliği’nin COVID-19 pandemisi sonrasında “Hamiltoncu yaklaşım” deneyimi
AU  - Dinçel, Yusuf
PY  - 2025
DA  - September
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.30783/nevsosbilen.1614103
JF  - Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi SBE Dergisi
PB  - Nevşehir Hacı Bektaş Veli Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 2149-3871
SP  - 1509
EP  - 1526
VL  - 15
IS  - 3
LA  - en
AB  - This study examines the European Union (EU)’s economic relief package announced for member states in the aftermath of COVID-19 and the ensuing debates over whether the EU is evolving into a federation. To establish the theoretical framework, the origins of the concept of the “Hamiltonian Moment,” as well as the arguments and discussions put forth by proponents of federalism within the EU are analyzed. Following an exploration of these two approaches, a general evaluation of the scope of the economic package is provided. This study argues that, due to the differences between the context in which the federalist structure in the United States (US) was established and the current environment within the EU, it is impossible to replicate the financial system created by A. Hamilton in the US within the EU. After elaborating on the conceptual background and related developments, the institutional and political perspectives of the EU on this matter, the steps it has taken, and the methods it has employed are presented. The post-COVID-19 global order has confronted every state with new political and economic challenges. Supranational structures have also been affected by the disruptive impact of COVID-19.
KW  - European Union
KW  - Federalism
KW  - COVID-19
KW  - Hamiltonian Moment
N2  - Bu çalışma, COVID-19 sonrasında Avrupa Birliği (AB)’nin üye devletler için ortaya koyduğu ekonomik yardım paketi açıklaması ve akabinde ortaya çıkan AB, Federasyon’a mı evrilecek tartışmaları kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Bundan dolayı teorik arka planı anlayabilmek için öncelikle “Hamiltoncu yaklaşım” kavramının kökeni ile AB bünyesinde federalizmi savunanların argümanları ve tartışmaları incelenmiştir. Bu iki yaklaşımın ne olduğu ele alındıktan sonra ekonomik paketin kapsamı hakkında genel bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, ABD’deki Federalist yapının inşa edilmesi sırasındaki konjonktür ile şu an AB’nin içerisinde olduğu ortamın farklılığı sebebiyle, A. Hamilton’un ABD’de kurmuş olduğu mali sistemin aynısının AB’de kurulmasının imkânsız olduğu savunulmaktadır. Bütün bu kavramsal arka plan ve konuyla ilgili gelişmeler açıklandıktan sonra, AB’nin kurumsal ve siyasal perspektiften bu konuya nasıl yaklaştığı, attığı adımların ne olduğu ve hangi yöntemlerin tatbik edildiği ifade edilmiştir. COVID-19 sonrasındaki yeni dünya düzeni, siyasi ve ekonomik olarak her devleti yeni problemlerle karşı karşıya bırakmıştır. COVID-19’un sarsıcı etkilerinden uluslarüstü yapılar da etkilenmiştir.
CR  - Akdoğan, M., Günay Atalı, A., Say, B., & Gündoğan Gür, N. (2020). Avrupa Birliği’nin COVID-19 yönetimi. Ekonomi, Politika & Finans Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(Special Issue), 32-58. https://doi.org/10.30784/epfad.805320
CR  - Alemanno, A. (2020). The European response to COVID-19: From regulatory emulation to regulatory coordination?. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 11(Special Issue 2), 307-316. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2020.44
CR  - Alexandrescu, M. (2007). David Mitrany: From federalism to functionalism. Transylvanian Review, 16(1), 20-33.
CR  - Arısoy, A. (2010). Avrupa’da federalizm geleneği ve Avrupa bütünleşmesinde federalist akımlar. Ege Akademik Bakış, 10, 1195-1206.
CR  - Asmussen, J. (2020). Did Europe just experience its “Hamiltonian Moment”?. The International Economy, 34(3), 12-35.
CR  - Aytuğ, H. K. (2008). Bütünleşme kuramlarının Avrupa Birliği genişlemesine bakışı. Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi, 15(1), 149-161.
CR  - Bagalà & Partners. (2021). Next generation EU fund- the European plan to recover the economy, https://iccj.or.jp/next-genereation-eu-fund-the-european-plan-to-recover-the-economy/
CR  - Bank of Spain. (2020). Next generation EU: Main characteristics and impact of its announcement on financial conditions, Quarterly Report on the Spanish Economy, Economic Bulletin.
CR  - Beck, U. (1992). Risk society: Towards a new modernity. Sage Publications.
CR  - Becker, P. (2025). Agreeing on the European COVID-19 budget package – multiplestreams in the European Union.  Journal of Contemporary European Studies, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/14782804.2024.2445294
CR  - Bóka, E. (2006). In search of European federalism: A historical survey. Society and Economy, 28(3), 309-331.
CR  - Bowen, G. A. (2009). Document analysis as a qualitative research method. Qualitative Research Journal, 9(2), 27-40. https://doi.org/10.3316/QRJ0902027
CR  - Budak, F., & Korkmaz, Ş. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecine yönelik genel bir değerlendirme: Türkiye örneği. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, (1), 62-79. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.738657
CR  - Burgess, M. (2000). Federalism and European Union: The building of Europe, 1950-2000, Londra: Routledge
CR  - Celi, G., Guaracio, D., & Simonazzi, A. (2020). A fragile and divided European Union meets Covid 19: Further disintegration or ‘Hamiltonian moment’?. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 47, 411–424.
CR  - Coşkun, S., & Dulkadiroğlu, H. (2018). Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde (ABD) idari devletin gelişimi ve Woodrow Wilson’un etkisi. Journal of Political Administrative and Local Studies, 1(2), 21-54.
CR  - De la Porte, C. & Jensen, M. D. (2021). The next generation EU: An analysis of the dimensions of conflict behind the deal. Social Policy & Administration, 55, 388-402. https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.12709
CR  - Derthick, M. (1989). The enduring features of American federalism. The Brookings Review, 7(3), 34-38.
CR  - Diamond, P. (2023). Post-Brexit challenges to the UK machinery of government in an ‘Age of Fiasco’: The dangers of muddling through?. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(11), 2251-2274.
CR  - Díaz, P.J.A. (2021). Hamilton’s federalism in the European Union, https://esthinktank.com/2021/03/04/hamiltons-federalism-in-the-european-union/
CR  - Dudley, G., & Gamble, A. (2023). Brexit and UK policy-making: An overview. Journal of European Public Policy, 30(11), 2573-2597.
CR  - Edling, M.M., & Kaplanoff, M. D. (2004). Alexander Hamilton’s fiscal reform: Transforming the structure of taxation in the early republic. The William and Mary Quarterly, 61(4), 713-744.
CR  - European Commission. (2024). Mid-term evaluation of the recovery and resilience facility. COM (2024) 82 final. https://commission.europa.eu/about/departments-and-executive-agencies/economic-and-financial-affairs/evaluation-reports-economic-and-financial-affairs-policies-and-spending-activities/mid-term-evaluation-recovery-and-resilience-facility-rrf_en?utm_source=chatgpt.com
CR  - European Parliament. (2023). MEPs draw lessons from COVID-19 crisis. https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20230612IPR96901/meps-draw-lessons-from-covid-19-crisis
CR  - Frieden, J. A. (2016). Lessons for the euro from the early US monetary and financial history. Bruegel Essay and Lecture Series. 1-40.
CR  - George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2004). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. MIT Press.
CR  - Georgiou, C. (2021). Europe’s ‘Hamiltonian moment’? on the political uses and explanatory usefulness of a recurrent historical comparison. Economy and Society, 50(4), 1-22.
CR  - Glencross, A. (2020). Managing differentiated disintegration: Insights from comparative federalism on post-Brexit EU-UK relations. The British Journal of Politics and International Relations, 23(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369148120968516
CR  - Greer, S. L. (2020). Health, federalism and the European Union: Lessons from comparative federalism about the European Union. Health Economics, Policy and Law, 16(1), 90-103. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744133120000055
CR  - Haas, E. B. (1961). International integration: The European and the universal process. International Organization, 15(3), 366-392.
CR  - Haas, E. B. (1968). The uniting of Europe: Political, social, and economic forces, 1950-1957. Stanford University Press.
  
Hamilton, A., Madison, J., & Jay, J. (1788). The federalist papers. Publius.
CR  - Hatipoğlu, O. G. (2013). Alexander Hamilton ve Hamiltonculuk. Amme İdaresi Dergisi, 46(4), 67-92.
CR  - Issing, O. (2020). Did Europe just experience its “Hamiltonian Moment”?. The International Economy, 34(3), 12-35.
CR  - Kempf, H. (2023). A second Hamiltonian moment. Sciences Po-Ofce blog. https://www.ofce.sciences-po.fr/blog/a-second-hamiltonian-moment/
CR  - Kıran, E. (2020). Prominent issues about the social impacts of Covid-19. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 19(COVID-19 Special Issue), 752-766. https://doi.org/10.21547/jss.787779
CR  - Köksoy, F. (2020). İki adam bir kuram: Haas ve Schmitter ile neofonksiyonalizmin Karayipler topluluğu’na yansıması. Ege Stratejik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 11(1), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.18354/esam.656250
CR  - Livingston, W. S. (1952). A note on the nature of federalism. Political Science Quarterly, 67(1), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.2307/2145299
CR  - Manioğlu, O. (2021). Cumhuriyetçi Parti ve Demokrat Parti’nin ABD siyasal sisteminde fikir ayrılığı yaşadığı beş temel konu. UPA Strategic Affairs, 2(1), 47-72.
CR  - Mayer, T., & Whalen, C. (2020). Did Europe just experience its “Hamiltonian Moment”?. The International Economy, 34(3), 12-35.
CR  - Mercan, S. S. (2011). Siyasal bütünleşme kuramları ışığında AB genişlemesi. Ankara Avrupa Çalışmaları Dergisi, 10(1), 67-83. https://doi.org/10.1501/Avraras_0000000160
CR  - Miles, L., & Redmond, J. (1996). Enlarging the European Union: The erosion of federalism?. Cooperation and Conflict, 31(3), 285-309. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836796031003002
CR  - Mitrany, D. (1948). The functional approach to world organization. International Affairs, 24(3), 350-363.
CR  - Moravcsik, A. (2001). Federalism in the European union: Rhetoric and reality. K. Nicolaidis and R. Howse (Ed). In The federal vision: Legitimacy and levels of governance in the US and the EU. (pp. 161-187). Oxford University Press.
CR  - Murray, J. A. (2007). Alexander Hamilton America’s forgotten founder. Algora Publishing.
CR  - Müller, P., & Peter, S. (2025). The soft hostage-taking of EU foreign policy: Hungary’s rule of law conflict with the EU and Russia’s war against Ukraine. Journal of European Public Policy, Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/13501763.2025.2453033
CR  - Oğurlu, E. (2022). COVID-19 pandemisinin Avrupa Birliği dayanışmasına etkileri. Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Araştırmaları Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi, 30(2), 167-191. https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.435
CR  - Peters, B. G. (2011). Institutional theory in political science: The new institutionalism. Continuum.
CR  - Rosamond, B. (2000). Theories of European integration. Macmillan Press.
CR  - Rasquinho, S. V. (2025). AB, Macaristan’a ayrılan fonlardan 1 milyar avroyu kesti. Anadolu Ajansı. https://www.aa.com.tr/tr/dunya/ab-macaristana-ayrilan-fonlardan-1-milyar-avroyu-kesti/3440402
CR  - Rath, S. (1978). Federalism: A conceptual analysis. The Indian Journal of Political Science, 39(4), 573-586.
CR  - Schelkle, W. (2021). Fiscal integration in an experimental union: How path-breaking was the EU’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic?. Journal Common of Market Studies, 59(Suppl 1), 44-55. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13246
CR  - Schelkle, W., Kyriazi, A., Ganderson, J., & Altiparmakis, A. (2024). Brexit – the EU membership crisis that wasn’t?. West European Politics, 47(5), 997-1020.
CR  - Sobel, M. (2020). Perhaps a different Hamiltonian moment is in order. International Economy, 34(3), 27-28.
CR  - Speer, E. (1906). Alexander Hamilton. The Yale Law Journal, 16(2), 94-109.
CR  - Sunay, R. (2006). AB bütünleşmesinin biçimi üzerine farklı yaklaşımlar: Federal yaklaşım (I), Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(2), 185-222. https://doi.org/10.15337/SUHFD.2017.157
CR  - Tesche, T. (2021). Pandemic politics: The European Union in times of the coronavirus emergency. Journal of Common Market Studies, 60(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcms.13303
CR  - Van Malleghem, P. A. (2023). NextGenerationEU: Hamiltonian moment or European new deal?. Yearbook of European Law, 42, 3-41.
CR  - Vinci, R. (2020). Forged in crises: How the EU rediscovers solidarity with its back against the wall. European Student Think Tank. https://esthinktank.com/2020/09/08/forged-in-crises-how-the-eu-rediscovers-solidarity-with-its-back-against-the-wall/
CR  - Whimster, S. (2010). What is a Hamilton moment?. The Federal Trust. https://fedtrust.co.uk/what-is-a-hamilton-moment/
CR  - Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods. Sage Publications.
UR  - https://doi.org/10.30783/nevsosbilen.1614103
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4496077
ER  -