TY - JOUR T1 - THE EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION DEFICIENCY ON EMPLOYEE WITHDRAWAL: THE MEDIATING ROLE OF CONSCIENTIOUS INTELLIGENCE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALEXITHYMIA AND QUIET QUITTING TT - DUYGUSAL İFADE EKSİKLİĞİNİN İŞTEN KOPUŞA ETKİSİ: ÇALIŞANLARDA ALEKSİTİMİ VE SESSİZ İSTİFA İLİŞKİSİNDE VİCDANİ ZEKÂNIN ARACILIK ROLÜ AU - Demir, Sevda PY - 2025 DA - March Y2 - 2025 JF - Uluslararası İktisadi ve İdari Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi JO - IJER PB - Sivas İktisadi ve İdari Akademik Araştırmacılar Derneği WT - DergiPark SN - 2757-959X SP - 149 EP - 169 VL - 5 IS - 1 LA - en AB - This study investigated the mediating role of conscientious intelligence in the relationship between alexithymia and quiet quitting. Data were collected from a sample of 330 individuals employed in both the private and public sectors, using the Quiet Quitting Scale, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), and the Conscientious Intelligence Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26 and the PROCESS macro (Model 4). The findings indicated that the mean scores for alexithymia, quiet quitting, and conscientious intelligence were notably high among employees. A significant positive relationship was found between alexithymia and quiet quitting, while a negative relationship was found between conscientious intelligence and quiet quitting. Importantly, conscientious intelligence was found to partially mediate the relationship between alexithymia and quiet quitting. Specifically, the effect of alexithymia on quiet quitting was attenuated in individuals with higher levels of conscientious intelligence. In addition, the study examines the differences between participants' demographic characteristics and the variables. The findings are summarized. These findings suggest that interventions designed to enhance emotional awareness and conscientious intelligence in organizational contexts may play a crucial role in reducing psychological attrition and quiet quitting behaviors among employees. KW - Alexithymia KW - Conscientious Intelligence KW - Quiet Quitting KW - Mediating Effect KW - Employees N2 - Bu çalışmada, aleksitimi ve sessiz istifa arasındaki ilişkide vicdani zekânın aracı rolü incelenmektedir. Özel ve kamu sektöründe çalışan 330 kişiden oluşan örneklem grubundan elde edilen veriler, Sessiz İstifa Ölçeği, Aleksitimi Ölçeği ve Vicdani Zekâ Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında gerçekleştirilen analizler SPSS 26 ve Process Macro (Model 4) ile yürütülmüştür. Bulgular, çalışanların aleksitimi, sessiz istifa ve vicdani zekâ ortalama puanlarının dikkate değer seviyelerde olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Ayrıca, aleksitimi ile sessiz istifa arasında pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunduğu, vicdani zekâ ile sessiz istifa arasında ise negatif yönlü bir ilişki olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bununla birlikte, aleksitimi ve sessiz istifa arasındaki ilişkide vicdani zekânın kısmi aracılık rolü üstlendiği tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek vicdani zekâ düzeyine sahip bireylerde aleksitiminin sessiz istifa üzerindeki etkisinin zayıfladığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çalışmada katılımcıların demografik özellikleri ile değişkenler arasındaki farklılıklar da incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular özetlenmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, örgütsel bağlamda çalışanların duygusal farkındalık düzeylerini artırmaya yönelik müdahalelerin, işten psikolojik kopuşu önlemede önemli bir rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir. CR - Adamowicz, J. L., Sirotiak, Z., & Thomas, E. B. K. (2022). Childhood maltreatment and somatic symptoms: Examining the role of specific types of childhood maltreatment and alexithymia. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 16(Suppl 1), S2–S9. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0001315 CR - Aktı, Ü., Giderler, C., Duran, C., Behdioğlu, S., & Boz, D. (2017). Vicdani zekâ ölçeği geçerlilik ve güvenilirlik çalışması, İslam Medeniyeti Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(3), 329-349. https://doi.org/10.20486/imad.356480 CR - Anand, A., Doll, J., & Ray, P. (2024). Drowning in silence: A scale development and validation of quiet quitting and quiet firing, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 32(4), 721-743. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-01-2023-3600 CR - Arslanoğlu, A. &Tabur, A. (2019). The effect of conscientious intelligence on the ability to manage patient expectations: Example from a university hospital. Medicine Science, 8(4), 1017-1024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/medscience.2019.08.9124 CR - Avcı, N. (2023). Örgütsel sinizm, örgütsel sessizlik, işte sözde var olma ve sessiz istifa arasındaki ilişkiler: İstanbul Maltepe Belediyesi örneği. Vizyoner Dergisi, 14(39), 968-989. https://doi.org/10.21076/vizyoner.1217165 CR - Boy, Y., & Sürmeli, M. (2023). Quiet quitting: a significant risk for global healthcare, Journal of Global Health, 13, 3014, https://doi.org/10.7189/jogh.13.03014 CR - Butts, J.B. (2019). Ethics in professional nursing practice, J.B., Butts & K.L. Rich (Eds.), In Nursing Ethics: Across the curriculum and into practice (pp. 59–94). Jones & Bartlett Learning. Constantz, J. (2022). Quiet quitters’ make up half of the US workforce, Gallup finds, Bloomberg, www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-09-06/-quiet-quitters-make-up-half-oftheus-workforce-gallup-finds#xj4y7vzkg Coversano, C., Di Giuseppe, M., Miccoli, M., Ciacchini, R., Gemignani, A., & Orru, G. (2020). mindfulness, age and gender as protective factors against psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. Front. Psychol. 11: 1900. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01900 CR - Cruise, K.E., & Becerra, R. (2018). Alexithymia and problematic alcohol use: A critical update, Addictive Behaviors, 77, 232-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.025 Çapık, C. (2014). İstatistiksel güç analizi ve hemşirelik araştırmalarında kullanımı: Temel bilgiler. Anadolu Hemşirelik ve Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 17(4), 268-274. CR - Daugherty, G., Kelly, R.C., & Kvilhaug, S. (2024). What is quiet quitting—and is it a real trend?, https://www.investopedia.com/what-is-quiet-quitting-6743910 Formica, S. & Sfodera, F. (2022). The great resignation and quiet quitting paradigm shifts: An overview of current situation and future research directions, Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 31(8), 899-907. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2022.2136601 CR - Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50. CR - Foster, A. (2022). The surprising origin of the ‘quiet quitting’ trend sweeping multiple countries. News.com.au, https://nypost.com/2022/08/02/the-surprising-origin-of-the-quiet-quitting-trend-sweeping-multiple-countries/ CR - Frewen, P. A., Dozois, D. J. A., Neufeld, R. W. J., & Lanius, R. A. (2008). Meta-analysis of alexithymia in posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 21(2), 243-246. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.20320 CR - Gallup. (2023). State of the Global Workplace: 2023 Report, Gallup, Washington, DC, pp. 1-95. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/507650/why-world-quit-quiet-quitting.aspx CR - George, D., & Mallery, M. (2010). SPSS for windows step by step: A simple guide and reference, 17.0 update (10a ed.) Pearson. CR - Goetz, D.B., Johnson, E.C., Naugle, A.E., & Borges, L.M. (2020). Alexithymia, state‐emotion dysregulation, and eating disorder symptoms: A mediation model, Clinical Psychologist. 24(2), 166-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/cp.12210 CR - Güleç, H., Köse, S., Yazıcı, M., Çıtak, S., Evren, C., Borckardt, J., & Sayar, K. (2009). The Turkish version of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): Reliability, validity, and factorial structure. Bulletin of Clinical Psychopharmacology, 19(3), 214-220. CR - Gürbüz, S., & Şahin, F. (2018). Sosyal bilimlerde araştırma yöntemleri (5. Baskı). Seçkin Yayıncılık. CR - Hamouche, S., Koritos, C., & Papastathopoulos, A. (2023). Quiet quitting: Relationship with other concepts and implications for tourism and hospitality, International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(12), 4297-4312, https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-11-2022-1362 CR - Hannani, S., Kamali, N., Amiri, F., & Hosseini, A.F. (2018). The relationship between spiritual intelligence and moral distress in operating room students. Medical Ethics Journal, 11(42), 23–33. CR - Harter, J. (2022). Is quiet quitting real?, www.gallup.com/workplace/398306/quietquitting-real.aspx CR - Haviland, M.G., Hendryx, M.S., Shaw, D.G., & Henry, J.P. (1994). Alexithymia in women and men hospitalized for psychoactive substance dependence. Comprehensive psychiatry, 35(2), 124-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-440X(94)90056-N CR - Hogeveen, J., & Grafman, J. (2021). Alexithymia. Handb Clin Neurol, 183, 47-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822290-4.00004-9 CR - Kieraité, M., Böttig, J.J., Novoselac, A., Noboa, V., Seifritz, E., Rufer, M., Egger, S.T., & Weidt, S. (2024). “Our similarities are different” The relationship between alexithymia and depression. Psychiatry Research, 340, Article no: 116099. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2024.116099 CR - Lak, S., Zahedi, S., Davodabady, F., & Khosravani, M. (2018). Conscience understanding among nurses working at education hospital of Arak. Revista Latinoamericana de Hipertensión, 13(3), 246–250. CR - Lamb, C., Evans, M., Babenko-Mould, Y., Wong, C. A., & Kirkwood, K. W. (2019). Conscience, conscientious objection, and nursing: A concept analysis. Nursing Ethics, 26(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733017700236 CR - Li, M., Yuan, Y., Cheng, X., Wang, Y., & Xu, Z. (2024). Childhood maltreatment and insomnia in college students: The role of alexithymia and psychological distress. Acta Psychologica, 243, Article no: 104149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104149 CR - Lord, J. (2022). Quiet quitting is a new name for an old method of industrial action. https://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/65022/1/quiet-quitting-is-a-new-name-for-an-old-methodofindustrial-action-189752 CR - Lumley, M.A., Neely, L.C., & Burger, A.J. (2007). The assessment of alexithymia in medical settings: Implications for health outcomes. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89(3), 230-246. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223890701629698 CR - Lyvers, M., Cutinho, D., & Thorberg, F.A. (2020). Alexithymia, impulsivity, disordered social media use, mood and alcohol use in relation to facebook self-disclosure, Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 174-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.004 CR - Malhotra, N. K., & Dash, S. (2011). Marketing research: An applied orientation. Pearson Publishing. Marchetti, D., Verrocchio, M.C., & Porcelli, P. (2019). Gambling problems and alexithymia: A systematic review, Brain Sciences, 9(8), 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080191 CR - McFarlane, A.C., & Van Hooff, M. (2009). Impact of childhood exposure to a natural disaster on adult mental health: 20-year longitudinal follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry, 195(2), 142-148. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.108.054270 CR - Nemiah, J., Freyberger, H.,&Sifneos, P.E. (1976). Alexithymia:A vies of the psychosomatic. In, O.W. Hill (Ed.), Modern Tends in Psychosomatic Medicine, 3, 430-439. Butterworths. CR - Nimmi, P.M., Syed, F., Manjaly, N.B., & Harsha, G. (2024). Employee’s narrative on quiet quitting: A qualitative analysis. Employee Relations, 46(7), 1406-1421. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-10-2023-0538 CR - Özcan, S. (2021). The relationship between nurses' conscientious intelligence levels and care behaviors: A cross-sectional study. Clinical Ethics, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477750921994286 CR - Pant, N., & Srivastava, S.K. (2019). The impact of spiritual intelligence, gender and educational background on mental health among college students. Journal of Religion and Health, 58(1), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0529-3 CR - Preece, D., Becerra, R., Allan, A., Robinson, K., & Dandy, J. (2017). Establishing the theoretical components of alexithymia via factor analysis: Introduction and validation of the attention-appraisal model of alexithymia, Personality and Individual Differences, 119, 341-352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2017.08.003 CR - Preece, D., Becerra, R., Robinson, K., & Dandy, J. (2018). Assessing alexithymia: Psychometric properties and factorial invariance of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale in nonclinical and psychiatric samples. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 40, 276-287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10862-017-9634-6 Rocha, H.C.F., Duarte, M., Dominique-Ferreira, S. (2024). The impact of Work-life conflict on employees’ emotional well-being and the adoption of quiet quitting—A study case applied to the Portuguese hospitality industry. In Carvalho, J.V., Abreu, A., Liberato, D., Rebolledo, J.A.D. (eds) Advances in Tourism, Technology and Systems. ICOTTS 2023. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 384. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9758-9_18 CR - Saarijarvi, S., Salminen, J. K., & Toikka, T. (2006). Temporal stability of alexithymia over a five-year period in outpatients with major depression. Psychotherapy and psychosomatics, 75(2), 107-112. https://doi.org/10.1159/000090895 CR - Schmitt, D. P., Long, A. E., McPhearson, A., O'Brien, K., Remmert, B., & Shah, S. H. (2017). Personality and gender differences in global perspective. International Journal of Psychology, 52(S1), 45–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12265 CR - Serenko, A. (2024). The human capital management perspective on quiet quitting: Recommendations for employees, managers, and national policymakers. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(1), 27-43, https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2022-0792 CR - Solomon, Z., & Mikulincer, M. (2006). Trajectories of PTSD: A 20-year longitudinal study, Am J Psychiatry, 163(4), 659-666. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.2006.163.4.659 CR - Sweetnam, T.J., & Flack, M. (2023). Ready, set, …and difficultly slowing down: What role does alexithymia, emotional regulation and interoceptive awareness play in exercise dependence?. Acta Psychological, 237, Article no: 103958, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103958 CR - Tarhan, N. (2022). Mesnevi Terapi. Timaş Publications. CR - Taylor, G.J., Bagby, R.M., & Parker, J.D.A. (1997). Disorders of affect regulation: Alexithymia in medical and psychiatric illness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511526831 CR - Torunsky, N.T., Knauz, S., Vilares, I., Marcoulides, K.M., & Koutstaal, W. (2023). What is the relationship between alexithymia and experiential avoidance? A latent analysis using three alexithymia questionnaires. Personality and Individual Differences, 214, Article no: 112308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2023.112308 CR - Weiss, H.M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affeetive events theory: A theoretical diseussion of the strueture, causes and consequenees of affeetive experienees at work, Research in Organisational Behavior, 18, 1-79. CR - Wicker, S., & Van Hein, J. (2023). Justice perceptions, quiet quitting & personality. University of Tennessee at Chattanooga. CR - Wilmot, M.P., & Ones, D.S. (2019). A century of research on conscientiousness at work, Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, 116(46), 23004-23010. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1908430116 CR - Wogu, I.A.P., Agoha, B.E., Sholarin, A.M., Oyeyemi, A., & Evbuoma, K.I. (2015). The conscious being & the problem of consciousness: Implications for theory and practice for 21 st century researchers. Discovery and Innovation, 11, 1–7. CR - Yıkılmaz, İ. (2022, 15 October). Quiet quitting: a conceptual investigation [Paper Presentation], Anadolu 10th International Conference on Social Science, Diyarbakır, pp. 581-591. CR - Zenger, J., & Folkman, J. (2022). Quiet Quitting Is About Bad Bosses, Not Bad Employees. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/2022/08/quet-quttng-s-about-bad-bosses-not-bad-employees UR - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/ijerdergisi/issue//1633155 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4579516 ER -