TY  - JOUR
T1  - The evolution of U.S.- Russia relations in the Post-Cold War Era (The Yeltsin Period)
TT  - Post-Soğuk Savaş Döneminde ABD-Rusya ilişkilerinin evrimi (Yeltsin Dönemi)
AU  - Darchia, Tamar
PY  - 2025
DA  - June
Y2  - 2025
JF  - Kastamonu İnsan ve Toplum Dergisi
JO  - KJHS
PB  - Kastamonu Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 3023-5243
SP  - 64
EP  - 84
VL  - 3
IS  - 5
LA  - en
AB  - This study examines the crucial post-Cold War era of the 1990s, when the Soviet Union disintegrated and bilateral relations between the U.S. and Russia entered a new phase. To better understand the actions and motivations of both nations, the research employs a realist, liberal, and constructivist framework, focusing on security concerns, economic interests, and power dynamics. Historical documentation, primary sources, interviews, and comparative analysis are used to explore the decade's developments. Key findings relate to the initial optimism surrounding nuclear disarmament efforts, such as the Nunn-Lugar program and American support for economic reforms in Russia. However, swift privatization led to economic challenges, unchecked oligarch power, and growing skepticism about U.S. intentions. Geopolitical tensions arose, particularly regarding NATO expansion and interventions in the Balkans, highlighting alternative perspectives on sovereignty and intervention. Personal diplomacy between Clinton and Yeltsin was important but insufficient to reconcile conflicting geopolitical interests. By the end of the century, Yeltsin's decline paved the way for Putin's rising dominance, indicating a shift toward a more confrontational U.S.-Russia dynamic. The research emphasizes the complexities of transitioning from rivalry to potential cooperation, influenced by ongoing geopolitical tensions and conflicting interests shaping contemporary U.S.-Russia relations.
KW  - Post-Cold War
KW  - U.S.- Russian Relations
KW  - Foreign Policy Aims
N2  - This study examines the crucial post-Cold War era of the 1990s, when the Soviet Union disintegrated and bilateral relations between the U.S. and Russia entered a new phase. To better understand the actions and motivations of both nations, the research employs a realist, liberal, and constructivist framework, focusing on security concerns, economic interests, and power dynamics. Historical documentation, primary sources, interviews, and comparative analysis are used to explore the decade's developments. Key findings relate to the initial optimism surrounding nuclear disarmament efforts, such as the Nunn-Lugar program and American support for economic reforms in Russia. However, swift privatization led to economic challenges, unchecked oligarch power, and growing skepticism about U.S. intentions. Geopolitical tensions arose, particularly regarding NATO expansion and interventions in the Balkans, highlighting alternative perspectives on sovereignty and intervention. Personal diplomacy between Clinton and Yeltsin was important but insufficient to reconcile conflicting geopolitical interests. By the end of the century, Yeltsin's decline paved the way for Putin's rising dominance, indicating a shift toward a more confrontational U.S.-Russia dynamic. This period revealed missed opportunities, with chronic mistrust and conflicting interests shaping contemporary U.S.-Russia relations. The research emphasizes the complexities of transitioning from rivalry to potential cooperation, influenced by ongoing geopolitical tensions and diverse perspectives.
CR  - Bernstein, J. (2018). Interview. PBS Frontline. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/yeltsin/interviews/bernstein.html
CR  - Finnemore, M., & Sikkink, K. (1998). International norm dynamics and political change. International Organization, 52(4), 887–917.
CR  - Graham, T. (2007). Interview. PBS Frontline. Retrieved from https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/yeltsin/interviews/graham.html
CR  - Goldgeier, J. (2019). Promises made, promises broken? What Yeltsin was told about NATO in 1993 and why it matters. War on the Rocks. Retrieved from https://warontherocks.com/2019/11/promises-made-promises-broken-what-yeltsin-was-told-about-nato-in-1993-and-why-it-matters-2/
CR  - Ikenberry, G. J. (2011). Liberal Leviathan: The origins, crisis, and transformation of the American world order. Princeton University Press.
CR  - Jentleson, B. W. (2014). American foreign policy: The dynamics of choice in the 21st century (4th ed.). W. W. Norton & Company.
CR  - Keohane, R. O. (1984). After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Princeton University Press.
CR  - Morgenthau, H. J. (1978). Politics among nations: The struggle for power and peace (6th ed.). Knopf.
Office of the Historian. (2018). Bill Clinton, Boris Yeltsin, and U.S.-Russian relations. In Milestones: 1990–1993. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved from https://history.state.gov/milestones/1993-2000/clinton-yeltsin
CR  - Pechantov, V. & Manikin, A. (2012). History of Foreign Policy of the United States of America. Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Russia.
CR  - Rumer, E. & Sokolsky, R. (2019). Thirty years of U.S. policy toward Russia: Can the vicious circle be broken? Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Retrieved from https://carnegieendowment.org/2019/06/thirty-years-of-us-policy-toward-russia-can-the-vicious-circle-be-broken
CR  - Savranskaya, S. (2023). Three decades after the storming of the Russian White House. National Security Archive. Retrieved from https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2023-10-04/yeltsin-shelled-russian-parliament-30-years-ago-us-praised
CR  - Savranskaya, S., & Blanton, T. (2023). The first months of U.S. relations with Russia, 1992. National Security Archive. Retrieved from https://nsarchive.gwu.edu/briefing-book/russia-programs/2023-01-30/first-months-us-relations-new-russia-1992
CR  - Talbott, S. (2007). The Russian hand: A memoir of presidential diplomacy. Brookings Institution Press.
CR  - Waltz, K. (1979). Theory of international politics. McGraw-Hill.
CR  - Wendt, A. (1999). Social theory of international politics. Cambridge University Press.
UR  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/kitod/issue//1637936
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4600957
ER  -