@article{article_1643921, title={Free Trade and Energy Consumption Nexus: The European Union and Türkiye}, journal={Yönetim ve Ekonomi Dergisi}, volume={33}, pages={115–129}, year={2026}, DOI={10.18657/yonveek.1643921}, url={https://izlik.org/JA67ZS34NW}, author={Özaytürk, İbrahim}, keywords={Uluslararası İktisat, Serbest Ticaret, Yenilenebilir Enerji Tüketimi, Fosil Yakıt Tüketimi}, abstract={Due to the contribution of fossil fuels to global warming, nations have begun to explore alternative energy generation techniques. In the new century, energy production has favored renewable energies that do not cause environmental damage as much as fossil fuel energy. The rise in renewable energy generation has correspondingly led to an increased utilization of this energy source. Consequently, researchers have begun the investigation of elements that may influence the utilization of renewable energy. The correlation between renewable energy consumption, the focus of this study, and free trade has emerged as a pertinent inquiry for scholars. This study will examine the correlation between the use of renewable energy and fossil fuels with regard to free trade and will compare the outcomes derived from fossil fuel energy and renewable energy usage. A connection between the utilization of renewable energy, the focus of this study, and free trade has emerged as a topic of inquiry among scholars. This study will examine the correlation between free trade and the utilization of renewable energy vs fossil fuels, comparing the outcomes associated with each energy source. The impact of free trade on both categories of energy use may be determined in this manner. This research examines yearly data spanning the years 1990 to 2022. The study utilized panel data analysis to pick Türkiye’s principal trading partners among the European Union (EU) members (Germany, France, Spain, Italy, and the United Kingdom). The panel unit root test was conducted, and based on the findings, the Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds test/PMG technique was considered suitable. The research indicates that free trade influences renewable energy consumption in the end, whereas it affects fossil fuel consumption in the short term. Only France, Italy, and the United Kingdom observe the impact of free trade on the use of renewable energy. This condition aligns with the energy policies implemented by the governments. Conversely, the impact of free trade on fossil fuel use in any nation is also significant and aligns with anticipated outcomes. This is also relevant to the advancement and refinement of the related technologies. The study offers advice to researchers and industry professionals seeking cost benefits in free trade, as well as for policymakers about the energy policies they want to enact. Key Words: International Economic, Free Trade, Renewable Energy Consumption, Fossil Fuel Consumption JEL Classification: F14, F18, P18}, number={1}