TY  - JOUR
T1  - Impact of globalization on the economic empowerment of women in Pakistan
TT  - Küreselleşmenin Pakistan’da kadınların ekonomik güçlenmesi üzerindeki etkisi
AU  - Köksal, Cihat
AU  - Doğan, Özlem
PY  - 2025
DA  - August
Y2  - 2025
DO  - 10.18070/erciyesiibd.1654391
JF  - Erciyes Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi
PB  - Erciyes Üniversitesi
WT  - DergiPark
SN  - 1301-3688
SP  - 151
EP  - 160
IS  - 71
LA  - en
AB  - In this study the impact of globalization on women’s economic empowerment in Pakistan is examined which is a significant issue within the general debate of gender equality. To examine the impact of globalization on women’s employment with its economic, social, and political dimensions, a time series analysis is performed for the period between 1980 and 2020. The findings demonstrate that economic, social, and political globalization have varied influences on women’s employment. While economic globalization has a negative influence on employment in both the short and long term, social and political globalization has a negative effect at first but then becomes favorable. The level of development, gender norms, and data restrictions in Pakistan all contribute to these dynamics. While economic empowerment accelerates growth in the social, cultural, and political domains, further research into sectoral analysis and national efficiency components is required for a more complete understanding. Despite ongoing hurdles, Pakistan has made tremendous progress in increasing women’s labor-force participation since the 1990s. Policy reforms, empowerment programs, and gender-responsive trade agreements are critical for sustaining long-term and inclusive growth. Continuous education, legislative reforms, and efficient policy execution are essential for building a more fair environment for women.
KW  - Globalization
KW  - Economic empowerment of women
KW  - Pakistan
N2  - Bu çalışma, küreselleşmenin Pakistan’da kadınların ekonomik güçlenmesi üzerindeki etkisini, toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliği konusundaki daha geniş söylem içinde kritik bir konu olarak incelemektedir. Küreselleşmenin, 1980-2020 dönemi için ekonomik, sosyal ve politik boyutlarıyla kadın istihdamı üzerindeki etkisini incelemek üzere bir zaman serisi analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular, ekonomik, sosyal ve politik küreselleşmenin kadın istihdamı üzerinde belirgin etkilere sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Ekonomik küreselleşme, istihdamı hem kısa hem de uzun vadede olumsuz etkilerken, sosyal ve politik küreselleşmenin başlangıçta olumsuz etkileri daha sonra olumluya dönmektedir. Bu dinamikler, Pakistan’ın gelişmişlik düzeyi, cinsiyet normları ve veri kısıtlamaları gibi faktörler tarafından şekillendirilmektedir. Ekonomik güçlenme, sosyal, kültürel ve politik alanlarda ilerleme için bir katalizör görevi görürken, daha kapsamlı bir anlayış için sektörel analiz ve ulusal verimlilik bileşenlerini içeren daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Devam eden zorluklara rağmen, Pakistan 1990’lardan bu yana kadınların işgücüne katılımında önemli ilerlemeye tanık olmuştur. Politika reformları, güçlendirme programları ve cinsiyete duyarlı ticaret anlaşmaları, sürdürülebilir ve kapsayıcı büyümeyi teşvik etmek için önemli unsurlardır. Sürekli eğitim, yasal reformlar ve etkili politika uygulamaları, kadınlar için daha eşitlikçi bir ortam yaratmak için elzem olmaya devam etmektedir.
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UR  - https://doi.org/10.18070/erciyesiibd.1654391
L1  - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4675141
ER  -