TY - JOUR T1 - Empowering Pre-Service English Language Teachers: The Impact of Scenario-Based SRL Training on Self-Regulated Learning and Teaching Self-Efficacy TT - Empowering Pre-Service English Language Teachers: The Impact of Scenario-Based SRL Training on Self-Regulated Learning and Teaching Self-Efficacy AU - Yaşar, Muhammed Özgür PY - 2025 DA - June Y2 - 2025 DO - 10.51726/jlr.1663142 JF - Journal of Language Research JO - JLR PB - Emrah EKMEKÇİ WT - DergiPark SN - 2602-4578 SP - 154 EP - 179 VL - 9 IS - 1 LA - en AB - This study examines the impact of scenario-based self-regulated learning (SRL) training on the SRL and teaching self-efficacy of pre-service English language teachers. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 48 participants were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving SRL-focused interventions through scenario-based exercises, peer collaboration, and reflective practices. Findings revealed significant post-intervention improvements in SRL and self-efficacy, particularly in instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement. Large effect sizes and robust post-hoc power analyses affirm the effectiveness of the intervention. While the study demonstrates the transformative potential of scenario-based SRL training, further longitudinal research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to ensure the generalizability and sustainability of results. This research offers a replicable framework for integrating SRL into teacher education, equipping pre-service teachers with essential skills to foster autonomous learning and improve educational outcomes. KW - teacher professional development KW - reflective teaching practices KW - student-centered learning KW - EFL teacher education KW - educational psychology KW - K-12 school contexts N2 - This study examines the impact of scenario-based self-regulated learning (SRL) training on the SRL and teaching self-efficacy of pre-service English language teachers. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, 48 participants were divided into experimental and control groups, with the experimental group receiving SRL-focused interventions through scenario-based exercises, peer collaboration, and reflective practices. Findings revealed significant post-intervention improvements in SRL and self-efficacy, particularly in instructional strategies, classroom management, and student engagement. Large effect sizes and robust post-hoc power analyses affirm the effectiveness of the intervention. While the study demonstrates the transformative potential of scenario-based SRL training, further longitudinal research with larger and more diverse samples is recommended to ensure the generalizability and sustainability of results. This research offers a replicable framework for integrating SRL into teacher education, equipping pre-service teachers with essential skills to foster autonomous learning and improve educational outcomes. CR - Agbenyegah, K. B. (2022). Primary school teachers’ teaching strategies that develop and enhance self-regulated learning (Doctoral dissertation, North-West University (South Africa). https://repository.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/40063 CR - Allshouse, A. (2016). Professional development in self-regulated learning: Effects of a workshop on teacher knowledge, skills, and self-efficacy, and the development of a coaching framework (Doctoral dissertation, Rutgers University-Graduate School of Applied and Professional Psychology). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/1847935415?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses CR - Ao, N., Zhang, M., & Tian, G. (2024). Examining pre‐service teachers' teaching anxiety during student teaching: A Chinese perspective. European Journal of Education, 59(4), e12734. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12734 CR - Alvi, E., & Gillies, R. M. (2024). Investigating the individual nature of teacher beliefs and practices about self-regulated learning and how this shapes their practices for supporting student learning. Educational Studies, 50(4), 516-538. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2021.1966757 CR - Bachtiar, B. (2024). Insights into classroom dynamics: Indonesian efl teachers' self-efficacy in instructional strategies. Jurnal Basicedu, 8(1), 837-848. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v8i1.7208 CR - Bembenutty, H., Kitsantas, A., DiBenedetto, M. K., Wigfield, A., Greene, J. A., Usher, E. L., ... & Chen, P. P. (2024). Harnessing motivation, self-efficacy, and self-regulation: Dale H. Schunk’s enduring influence. Educational Psychology Review, 36(4), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09969-9 CR - Broadbent, J., Panadero, E., & Boud, D. (2018). Implementing summative assessment with a formative flavour: A case study in a large class. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 43(2), 307-322. https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2017.1343455 CR - Butler, D. L., Lauscher, H. N., Jarvis-Selinger, S., & Beckingham, B. (2004). Collaboration and self-regulation in teachers’ professional development. Teaching and teacher education, 20(5), 435-455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2004.04.003 CR - Buzza, D., & Allinotte, T. (2013). Pre-service teachers' self-regulated learning and their developing concepts of SRL. Brock Education Journal, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.26522/brocked.v23i1.353 CR - Callan, G., Longhurst, D., Shim, S., & Ariotti, A. (2022). Identifying and predicting teachers' use of practices that support SRL. Psychology in the Schools, 59(11), 2327-2344. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22712 CR - Cerezo, A., & McWhirter, B. (2012). A brief intervention designed to improve social awareness and skills to improve Latino college student retention. College Student Journal, 46(4), 867-879. Retrieved from link.gale.com/apps/doc/A312618225/AONE?u=anon~23118dd9&sid=googleScholar&xid=84515a9d CR - Kornell, N., Bjork, R.A. (2007). The promise and perils of self-regulated study. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 14, 219–224. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03194055 CR - Chatzistamatiou, M., Dermitzaki, I., & Bagiatis, V. (2014). Self-regulatory teaching in mathematics: relations to teachers' motivation, affect and professional commitment. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 29, 295-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10212-013-0199-9 CR - Cleary, T. J., & Zimmerman, B. J. (2004). Self‐regulation empowerment program: A school‐based program to enhance self‐regulated and self‐motivated cycles of student learning. Psychology in the Schools, 41(5), 537-550. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10177 https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/272560 CR - Cleary, T. J., & Platten, P. (2013). Examining the correspondence between self‐regulated learning and academic achievement: A case study analysis. Education Research International, 2013(1), 272560. CR - Cleary, T. J. (2018). The self-regulated learning guide: Teaching students to think in the language of strategies. New York, NY: Routledge. CR - Cleary, T. J., Kitsantas, A., Peters-Burton, E., Lui, A., McLeod, K., Slemp, J., & Zhang, X. (2022). Professional development in self-regulated learning: Shifts and variations in teacher outcomes and approaches to implementation. Teaching and Teacher Education, 111, 103619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103619 CR - Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Routledge. CR - Dignath, C., & Büttner, G. (2008). Components of fostering self-regulated learning among students. A meta-analysis on intervention studies at primary and secondary school level. Metacognition and learning, 3, 231-264. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-008-9029-x CR - Dignath-van Ewijk, C., & Van der Werf, G. (2012). What teachers think about self‐regulated learning: Investigating teacher beliefs and teacher behaviour of enhancing students’ self‐regulation. Education Research International, 2012(1), 741713. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/741713 CR - Dignath, C. (2016). What determines whether teachers enhance self-regulated learning? Predicting teachers’ reported promotion of self-regulated learning by teacher beliefs, knowledge, and self-efficacy. Frontline Learning Research, 4(5), 83-105. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v4i5.247 CR - Duffin, L. C., French, B. F., & Patrick, H. (2012). The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale: Confirming the factor structure with beginning pre-service teachers. Teaching and teacher Education, 28(6), 827-834. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.03.004 CR - Dunlosky, J., Rawson, K. A., Marsh, E. J., Nathan, M. J., & Willingham, D. T. (2013). Improving students’ learning with effective learning techniques: Promising directions from cognitive and educational psychology. Psychological Science in the Public interest, 14(1), 4-58. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100612453266 CR - Dweck, C. S. (2003). Ability conceptions, motivation and development. In BJEP Monograph Series II, Number 2-Development and Motivation (Vol. 13, No. 27, pp. 13-27). British Psychological Society. CR - Efklides, A., Schwartz, B. L., & Brown, V. (2017). Motivation and affect in self-regulated learning: does metacognition play a role?. In Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 64-82). Routledge. CR - Eker Uka, E. (2022). An Extended Literature Review on EFL Teachers’ Self Concept. Journal of Language Research (JLR), 6 (1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1140966 CR - Field, A. (2009). Discovering statistics using SPSS. London: SAGE Publications. CR - Ganda, D. R., & Boruchovitch, E. (2018). Promoting self-regulated learning of Brazilian Preservice student Teachers: results of an intervention Program. In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 3, p. 5). Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2018.00005 CR - Garson, G. D. (2012). Testing Statistical Assumptions. Asheboro, NC: Statistical Associates Publishing. CR - Greene, J. A., Bolick, C. M., Jackson, W. P., Caprino, A. M., Oswald, C., & McVea, M. (2015). Domain-specificity of self-regulated learning processing in science and history. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 42, 111-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2015.06.001 CR - Greene, J. A. (2021). Teacher support for metacognition and self-regulated learning: A compelling story and a prototypical model. Metacognition and Learning, 16(3), 651-666. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-021-09283-7 CR - Howardson, G. N., & Behrend, T. S. (2015). The relative importance of specific self‐efficacy sources in pretraining self‐efficacy beliefs. International journal of training and development, 19(4), 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijtd.12060 CR - Isbej, L., Waterval, D., Riquelme, A., Véliz, C., & de Bruin, A. B. (2024). In experts’ words: Translating theory to practice for teaching self-regulated learning. Medical Teacher, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2024.2359970 CR - Jansen, R. S., Van Leeuwen, A., Janssen, J., & Kester, L. (2018). Validation of the Revised Self-regulated Online Learning Questionnaire. In V. Pammer-Schindler, M. Pérez-Sanagustín, H. Drachsler, R.Elferink, & M. Scheffel (Eds.), Proceedings of the European Conference on Technology Enhanced Learning (pp. 116–121). Cham, Switzerland: Springer. CR - Karlen, Y., Hirt, C. N., Jud, J., Rosenthal, A., & Eberli, T. D. (2023). Teachers as learners and agents of self-regulated learning: The importance of different teachers competence aspects for promoting metacognition. Teaching and Teacher Education, 125, 104055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104055 CR - Kizilcec, R. F., Pérez-Sanagustín, M., & Maldonado, J. J. (2017). Self-regulated learning strategies predict learner behavior and goal attainment in Massive Open Online Courses. Computers & education, 104, 18-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.10.001 CR - Klassen, R. M., Bong, M., Usher, E. L., Chong, W. H., Huan, V. S., Wong, I. Y., & Georgiou, T. (2009). Exploring the validity of a teachers’ self-efficacy scale in five countries. Contemporary educational psychology, 34(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2008.08.001 CR - Klei Borrero, K. (2019). Every student, every day: A no-nonsense nurturer approach to reaching all learners. Solution Tree Press. CR - Kramarski, B., & Michalsky, T. (2009). Investigating preservice teachers' professional growth in self-regulated learning environments. Journal of educational psychology, 101(1), 161. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0013101 CR - Kramarski, B., & Michalsky, T. (2015). Effect of a TPCK-SRL model on teachers’ pedagogical beliefs, self-efficacy, and technology-based lesson design. Technological pedagogical content knowledge: Exploring, developing, and assessing TPCK, 89-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-8080-9_5 CR - Kramarski, B., & Kohen, Z. (2017). Promoting preservice teachers’ dual self-regulation roles as learners and as teachers: Effects of generic vs. specific prompts. Metacognition and learning, 12, 157-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-016-9164-8 CR - Krečič, M. J., & Grmek, M. I. (2010). Teachers’ conceptions of self-regulated learning: A comparative study by level of professional development. Educational Sciences/Odgojne Znanosti, 12(2), 399-412. https://hrcak.srce.hr/68281 CR - Kumar, R., & Pande, N. (2019). Blended programs for working professionals: developing a path analysis-based structural model to achieve skill development outcomes. International Journal of Management Practice, 12(4), 443-475. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMP.2019.102539 CR - Latva-aho, J., Näykki, P., Pyykkönen, S., Laitinen-Väänänen, S., Hirsto, L., & Veermans, M. (2024). Pre-service teachers’ ways of understanding, observing, and supporting self-regulated learning. Teaching and Teacher Education, 149, 104719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2024.104719 CR - McCabe, J. (2011). Metacognitive awareness of learning strategies in undergraduates. Mem Cogn 39, 462–476. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-010-0035-2 CR - Mejeh, M., Stampfli, B., & Hascher, T. (2024). Understanding the Promotion of Self-Regulated Learning in Upper Secondary Schools: How can Teaching Quality Criteria contribute?. Frontline Learning Research, 12(4), 55-84. https://doi.org/10.14786/flr.v12i4.1387 CR - Michalsky, T., & Schechter, C. (2013). Preservice teachers' capacity to teach self-regulated learning: Integrating learning from problems and learning from successes. Teaching and Teacher Education, 30, 60-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2012.10.009 CR - Moos, D. C., & Miller, A. (2015). The cyclical nature of self-regulated learning phases: stable between learning tasks?. Journal of Cognitive Education and Psychology, 14(2), 199-218. https://doi.org/10.1891/1945-8959.14.2.199 CR - Ortube, A. F., Panadero, E., & Dignath, C. (2024). Self-regulated learning interventions for pre-service teachers: a Systematic Review. Educational Psychology Review, 36(4), 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09919-5 Özdemir, A., & Önal, A. (2021). An investigation into pre-service teachers' self-regulated online learning perceptions. International Journal of Contemporary Educational Research, 8(2), 143-159. https://doi.org/10.33200/ijcer.865189 CR - Önal, A., & Özdemir, A. (2024). Reforming English language teaching undergraduate programs for age divisions in Türkiye: Perspectives of in-service English language teachers. Journal of Language Research, 8(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1338286 CR - Panadero, E., Jonsson, A., & Strijbos, J. W. (2016). Scaffolding self-regulated learning through self-assessment and peer assessment: Guidelines for classroom implementation. In Assessment for learning: Meeting the challenge of implementation (pp. 311-326). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39211-0_18 CR - Perry, N. E., Phillips, L., & Hutchinson, L. (2006). Mentoring student teachers to support self-regulated learning. The elementary school journal, 106(3), 237-254. https://doi.org/10.1086/501485 CR - Perry, N. E., Hutchinson, L., & Thauberger, C. (2008). Talking about teaching self-regulated learning: Scaffolding student teachers’ development and use of practices that promote self-regulated learning. International Journal of Educational Research, 47(2), 97-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2007.11.010 CR - Quackenbush, M. (2020). The effects of self-regulated learning training on teachers’ self-regulated learning, self-efficacy for teaching, and perceived instructional effectiveness in computer-supported collaborative learning environments (Doctoral dissertation, Old Dominion University). Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/2477874493?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Dissertations%20&%20Theses CR - Saariaho, E., Pyhältö, K., Toom, A., Pietarinen, J., & Soini, T. (2016). Student teachers’ self-and co-regulation of learning during teacher education. Learning: Research and Practice, 2(1), 44-63. https://doi.org/10.1080/23735082.2015.1081395 CR - Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning theories an educational perspective. Pearson Education, Inc. CR - Schunk, D. H., & Mullen, C. A. (2013). Toward a conceptual model of mentoring research: Integration with self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 25(3), 361-389. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-013-9233-3 Schunk, D. H. , & Greene, J. A. (2018). Handbook of self-regulation of learning and performance. Routledge. CR - Schwoerer, C. E., May, D. R., Hollensbe, E. C., & Mencl, J. (2005). General and specific self‐efficacy in the context of a training intervention to enhance performance expectancy. Human resource development quarterly, 16(1), 111-129. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.1126 CR - Seker, M. (2016). Scenario-based instruction design as a tool to promote self-regulated language learning strategies. SAGE Open, 6(4), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244016684175 CR - Sitzmann, T., & Ely, K. (2011). A meta-analysis of self-regulated learning in work-related training and educational attainment: what we know and where we need to go. Psychological bulletin, 137(3), 421. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0022777 CR - Smith, L. (2001). Evaluation of an educational intervention to increase cultural competence among registered nurses. Journal of Cultural Diversity, 8(2), 50. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/docview/219345234?pq-origsite=gscholar&fromopenview=true&sourcetype=Scholarly%20Journals CR - Spruce, R., & Bol, L. (2015). Teacher beliefs, knowledge, and practice of self-regulated learning. Metacognition and Learning, 10, 245-277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-014-9124-0 CR - Stronge, J. H., Ward, T. J., & Grant, L. W. (2011). What makes good teachers good? A cross-case analysis of the connection between teacher effectiveness and student achievement. Journal of teacher Education, 62(4), 339-355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487111404241 CR - Taranto, D. (2024). A Sustainable Approach to Teacher Professional Development on Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) Implementation. Discourse and Communication for Sustainable Education, 15(1), 109-126. https://doi.org/10.2478/dcse-2024-0008 CR - Theobald, M. (2021). Self-regulated learning training programs enhance university students’ academic performance, self-regulated learning strategies, and motivation: A meta-analysis. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 66, 101976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2021.101976 CR - Tillema, H. H., & Kremer-Hayon, L. (2002). “Practising what we preach”—teacher educators’ dilemmas in promoting self-regulated learning: a cross-case comparison. Teaching and Teacher Education, 18(5), 593-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(02)00018-5 CR - Tran, H. H., Cleary, T. J., Capps, D. K., & Hodges, G. W. (2024). Coaching During Student Teaching: Using Self-Regulated Learning to Improve Questioning Skills for Preservice Science Teachers. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 1-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/1046560X.2024.2381301 CR - Tschannen-Moran, M., & Hoy, A. W. (2001). Teacher efficacy: Capturing an elusive construct. Teaching and teacher education, 17(7), 783-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00036-1 CR - Vosniadou, S., Darmawan, I., Lawson, M. J., Van Deur, P., Jeffries, D., & Wyra, M. (2021). Beliefs about the self-regulation of learning predict cognitive and metacognitive strategies and academic performance in pre-service teachers. Metacognition and Learning, 1-32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-020-09258-0 CR - White, R. T. (1998). Research, theories of learning, principles of teaching and classroom practice: Examples and Issues. Studies in Science Education, 31(1), 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057269808560112 CR - Willems, C., Toshalis, E., & Baker-Wright, T. (2015). Students at the centre. Regulation Professional Development Module. Retrieved December 8, 2024, from https://studentsatthecenterhub.org/resource/self-regulation-professional-%20development-module/ CR - Wu, Y., Lian, K., Hong, P., Liu, S., Lin, R. M., & Lian, R. (2019). Teachers' emotional intelligence and self-efficacy: Mediating role of teaching performance. Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal, 47(3), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.7869 CR - Xu, L., Duan, P., Padua, S. A., & Li, C. (2022). The impact of self-regulated learning strategies on academic performance for online learning during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1047680. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1047680 CR - Yaşar, M. Ö. (2025). Developing self-regulated learning in ELT through a video-based pedagogical framework (VIDPEF): A conceptual model for EFL learners. Studies in Self-Access Learning Journal, 16(1), 76–99. https://doi.org/10.37237/160105 CR - Zhi, R., & Derakhshan, A. (2024). Modelling the interplay between resilience, emotion regulation and psychological well‐being among Chinese English language teachers: The mediating role of self‐efficacy beliefs. European Journal of Education, e12643. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12643 CR - Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Attaining self-regulation: A social-cognitive perspective. In M. Boekaerts, P. Pintrich, & M. Seidner (Eds.), Self-regulation: Theory, research, and applications (pp. 13-39). Orlando, FL: Academic Press. CR - Zimmerman, B. J. (2001). Theories of self-regulated learning and academic achievement: An overview and analysis. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Self-regulated learning and academic achievement: Theoretical perspectives (2nd ed., pp. 1-38). Erlbaum. CR - Zimmerman, B. J. (2008). Investigating self-regulation and motivation: Historical background, methodological developments, and future prospects. American educational research journal, 45(1), 166-183. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831207312909 UR - https://doi.org/10.51726/jlr.1663142 L1 - https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/4714261 ER -